使用maven给spring项目打可直接运行的jar包（配置文件内置外置的打法）

从网上看过许多打jar包的例子，大多是将配置文件打进jar包的。经过本人一番研究，终于搞清楚了怎样将jar包的配置文件外置。

废话不说，直接上spring的pom.xml的配置文件。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.hdwang</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.0.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 通用包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- poi类库 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
            <version>3.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
            <version>3.13</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql驱动包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.18</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mybatis包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- dbcp -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
            <version>1.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 拼音 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.belerweb</groupId>
            <artifactId>pinyin4j</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.0</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>generateImportCarSql</finalName>
        <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
        <resources>
            <!-- 控制资源文件的拷贝 -->
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    <include>**/*.tld</include>
                </includes>
                <!--<filtering>false</filtering>-->

                <!-- 配置文件外置（在打包时取消注释）
                    资源文件拷贝到编译输出路径target的子文件夹config目录下，最终结构如下:
                    target
                       ...config
                           ...spring
                           ...mapper
                           ...env
                       ...lib
                       ...generateImportCarSql.jar
                 -->
                 <!--<targetPath>${project.build.directory}/config</targetPath>-->
            </resource>
        </resources>

        <plugins>

            <!-- 设置编译版本 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 打包jar文件时，配置manifest文件，加入lib包的jar依赖 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <!-- 清单文件 -->
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.hdwang.Application</mainClass>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        </manifest>
                        <!-- 给清单文件添加键值对(配置文件外置) -->
                        <manifestEntries>
                            <Class-Path>config/</Class-Path>
                        </manifestEntries>
                    </archive>
                    <classesDirectory>
                    </classesDirectory>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- 拷贝依赖的jar包到lib目录 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <outputDirectory>
                                ${project.build.directory}/lib
                            </outputDirectory>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <!-- 解决资源文件的编码问题 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- 打包source文件为jar文件 -->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <attach>true</attach>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>compile</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

    </build>

</project>

使用配置文件外置打包时，注意取消targetPath配置节的注释（使用IDE开发时，运行项目报错需要注释掉，注意配置文件输出目录不能是classes，否则会将配置文件打进jar包），最终生成的目录结构如下（运行所需文件及文件夹）:

maven打包命令:mvn package

运行命令: java -jar generateImportCarSql.jar

注意：本项目是spring普通项目，非spring web项目，配置文件由spring加载，spring配置文件路径采用classpath写法，下面展示各种spring路径配置实例：

1.java代码启动spring项目路径写法

2.spring配置文件引用另一个spring配置文件

3.spring配置文件中placeHolder路径填写

4.spring集成mybatis时mybatis配置文件路径填写

由于以上各种路径的配置均采用相对于classpath路径的写法。故在项目打包后和项目运行时均可以运行，关键在于classpath路径的设定。

附上jar包清单文件的内容，注意class-path的路径可以配置多个文件夹，多个jar包，之间用空格隔开，注意文件夹一定要在结尾加上/,例如：classpath为当前目录写 ./   为当前目前下级config文件夹则为 ./config/ 或者config/

掌握了class-path路径的配置，你就可以随意放置你引用的第三方jar包和资源文件了。