nginx服务跳转

1.什么是页面跳转

• 将URL信息做改变
• 将URI信息做改变
• 完成伪静态配置

2.实现页面跳转的方法

http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_rewrite_module.html#rewrite

2.1rewrite跳转

Syntax:	rewrite     regex              replacement           [flag];
                 匹配需要跳转的信息     跳转成什么地址       标记
Default:	—
Context:	server, location, if 

标记：

• last：
• break：
• redirect： 临时跳转，状态码为302
• permanent：永久跳转，状态码为301

2.2return跳转

Syntax:    return code [text];
return code URL;
return URL;
Default:    —
Context:    server, location, if

2.3页面跳转实践操作

01.跳转配置中last与break区别对比

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 /html]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf
server{
  listen 80;
  server_name rewrite.shuai.com;
  root    /html;

  location ~ ^/break/ {
     rewrite  ^/break/  /test/  break;

}
  location ~ ^/last/ {
     rewrite  ^/last/  /test/  last;

}
  location ~ /test/ {
     default_type  application/json;
     return 200 'ok';

}

}
~ 

02.break和last区别

break：一旦跳转完毕，就会停止后续操作过程,不会在显示跳转页面地址，没有跳转目录

last：一旦跳转完毕，会继续访问后端页面

2.4常见跳转示例情况测试说明

例一：用户访问/abc/1.html实际上真实访问的是/ccc/bbb/2.html

#http://rewrite.shuai.com/abc/1.html>>http://rewrite.shuai.com/ccc/bbb/2.html

01.准备路径

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# mkdir /html/ccc/bbb -p
[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# echo "ccc_bbb_2" > /html/ccc/bbb/2.html

02.配置nginx跳转

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/ccbb.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name rewrite.shuai.com;
  location / {
   root /html;
   index index.html;
  }
  location /abc {
  rewrite (.*) /ccc/bbb/2.html redirect;
  #return 302 /ccc/bbb/2.html;
  }
}

例二：用户访问/2019/ccc/bbb/2.html实际上访问的是/2020/ccc/bbb/2.html

http://rewrite.shuai.com/2019/ccc/bbb/2.html>>http://rewrite.shuai.com/2020/ccc/bbb/2.html

01.准备路径

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# mkdir /html/2020/ccc/bbb -p
[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# echo "2020_ccc_bbb_2" > /html/2020/ccc/bbb/2.html

02.配置nginx跳转

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/ccbb.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name rewrite.shuai.com;
  location / {
   root /html;
   index index.html;
  }
  location /2019 {
  rewrite ^/2019/(.*)$ /2020/$1 redirect;
  return 302 /2020/ccc/bbb/2.html;
  }
}

例三：用户访问/test目录下的任何内容，实际上是访问http://rewrite.shuai.com

01.准备路径

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# mkdir /html/test/1.jpg

02.配置nginx跳转

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 /html]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/caca.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name rewrite.shuai.com;
  location / {
   root /html;
   index  1.jpg  index.html;
  }
  location /test {

   rewrite (.*) http://rewrite.shuai.com  redirect;

  }
}

例四：用户访问course-11-22-33.html实际上真实访问是/course/11/22/33/course_33.html

http://rewrite.shuai.com/course-11-22-33.html>>http://rewrite.shuai.com/html/11/22/33/course_33.html

01.准备路径

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 ~]# mkdir /html/coures/11/22/33 -p
[root@web01-172.16.1.7 /html/coures]# echo "mr_zhang.com">/html/coures/11/22/33/course_33.html

02.配置nginx跳转

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 /html/coures]# vim  /etc/nginx/conf.d/ccbb.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name rewrite.shuai.com;
  location / {
   root /html;
   index index.html;
   rewrite ^/course-(.*)-(.*)-(.*).html$ /coures/$1/$2/$3/course_$3.html break; #动态
   rewrite ^/course-(.*)  /coures/11/22/33/course_33.html redirect; #静态

  }
}

说明:last/break做跳转不会显示跳转的地址信息

3.基于URL跳转

rewrite.shuai.com>>www.ashuai.com

3.1修改dns解析

10.0.0.7  rewrite.shuai.com  www.ashuai.com

3.2配置nginx跳转

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cat ccbb.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name rewrite.shuai.com;
  rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.jd.com/$1  permanent;

}

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.jd.com;
  location / {
   root /html;
   index index.html;
  }
}

##################################################或
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name    rewrite.shuai.com   www.jd.com;
  location / {
   root /html;
   index index.html;
   if ($http_host ~*  ^rewrite.shuai.com){
       rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.jd.com/$1  permanent;
     }
  }
}

4.将http请求，跳转至https

4.1创建https访问

4.1.1nginx安装ssl模块

4.1.2安装证书，黑户证书，实际环境不可用

openssl genrsa -idea -out server.key 2048
openssl req -days 36500 -x509 -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt 

4.1.3修改nginx配置文件

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cat blog.conf

server{
    listen        443  ssl;
    server_name   blog.ashuai.com;
    fastcgi_buffers  512  64k;
    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/server.key;
    location / {
        root  /blog/wordpress;
        index  index.php;
    }
     location ~ \.php$ {
        root /blog/wordpress;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
        include fastcgi_params;
   }
} 

4.2实现http跳转为https

[root@web01-172.16.1.7 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cat blog.conf
server{
   listen     80;
   server_name blog.ashuai.com;
   rewrite (.*) https://$server_name$1 redirect;
}
server{
    listen    443 ssl;
    server_name   blog.ashuai.com;
    fastcgi_buffers  512  64k;
    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/server.key;
    location / {
        root  /blog/wordpress;
        index  index.php;
    }
     location ~ \.php$ {
        root /blog/wordpress;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
        include fastcgi_params;
   }
}