Install Docker on Mac OS X(转)
Install Docker on Mac OS X
You can install Docker using Boot2Docker to run docker
commands at your command-line. Choose this installation if you are familiar with the command-line or plan to contribute to the Docker project on GitHub.
Alternatively, you may want to try Kitematic, an application that lets you set up Docker and run containers using a graphical user interface (GUI).
Command-line Docker with Boot2Docker
Because the Docker daemon uses Linux-specific kernel features, you can't run Docker natively in OS X. Instead, you must install the Boot2Docker application. The application includes a VirtualBox Virtual Machine (VM), Docker itself, and the Boot2Docker management tool.
The Boot2Docker management tool is a lightweight Linux virtual machine made specifically to run the Docker daemon on Mac OS X. The VirtualBox VM runs completely from RAM, is a small ~24MB download, and boots in approximately 5s.
Requirements
Your Mac must be running OS X 10.6 "Snow Leopard" or newer to run Boot2Docker.
Learn the key concepts before installing
In a Docker installation on Linux, your machine is both the localhost and the Docker host. In networking, localhost means your computer. The Docker host is the machine on which the containers run.
On a typical Linux installation, the Docker client, the Docker daemon, and any containers run directly on your localhost. This means you can address ports on a Docker container using standard localhost addressing such as localhost:8000
or 0.0.0.0:8376
.
In an OS X installation, the docker
daemon is running inside a Linux virtual machine provided by Boot2Docker.
In OS X, the Docker host address is the address of the Linux VM. When you start the boot2docker
process, the VM is assigned an IP address. Under boot2docker
ports on a container map to ports on the VM. To see this in practice, work through the exercises on this page.
Install Boot2Docker
Go to the boot2docker/osx-installerrelease page.
Download Boot2Docker by clicking
Boot2Docker-x.x.x.pkg
in the "Downloads" section.Install Boot2Docker by double-clicking the package.
The installer places Boot2Docker in your "Applications" folder.
The installation places the docker
and boot2docker
binaries in your /usr/local/bin
directory.
Start the Boot2Docker Application
To run a Docker container, you first start the boot2docker
VM and then issue docker
commands to create, load, and manage containers. You can launch boot2docker
from your Applications folder or from the command line.
NOTE: Boot2Docker is designed as a development tool. You should not use it in production environments.
From the Applications folder
When you launch the "Boot2Docker" application from your "Applications" folder, the application:
opens a terminal window
creates a $HOME/.boot2docker directory
creates a VirtualBox ISO and certs
starts a VirtualBox VM running the
docker
daemon
Once the launch completes, you can run docker
commands. A good way to verify your setup succeeded is to run the hello-world
container.
$ docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
511136ea3c5a: Pull complete
31cbccb51277: Pull complete
e45a5af57b00: Pull complete
hello-world:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified. Important: image verification is a tech preview feature and should not be relied on to provide security.
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker.
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(Assuming it was not already locally available.)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
For more examples and ideas, visit:
http://docs.docker.com/userguide/
A more typical way to start and stop boot2docker
is using the command line.
From your command line
Initialize and run boot2docker
from the command line, do the following:
Create a new Boot2Docker VM.
$ boot2docker init
This creates a new virtual machine. You only need to run this command once.
Start the
boot2docker
VM.$ boot2docker start
Display the environment variables for the Docker client.
$ boot2docker shellinit Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/ca.pem Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/cert.pem Writing /Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm/key.pem export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://192.168.59.103:2376 export DOCKER_CERT_PATH=/Users/mary/.boot2docker/certs/boot2docker-vm export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1
The specific paths and address on your machine will be different.
To set the environment variables in your shell do the following:
$ eval "$(boot2docker shellinit)"
You can also set them manually by using the
export
commandsboot2docker
returns.Run the
hello-world
container to verify your setup.$ docker run hello-world
Basic Boot2Docker Exercises
At this point, you should have boot2docker
running and the docker
client environment initialized. To verify this, run the following commands:
$ boot2docker status
$ docker version
Work through this section to try some practical container tasks using boot2docker
VM.
Access container ports
Start an NGINX container on the DOCKER_HOST.
$ docker run -d -P --name web nginx
Normally, the
docker run
commands starts a container, runs it, and then exits. The-d
flag keeps the container running in the background after thedocker run
command completes. The-P
flag publishes exposed ports from the container to your local host; this lets you access them from your Mac.Display your running container with
docker ps
commandCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5fb65ff765e9 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:49156->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:49157->80/tcp web
At this point, you can see
nginx
is running as a daemon.View just the container's ports.
$ docker port web 443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49156 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49157
This tells you that the
web
container's port80
is mapped to port49157
on your Docker host.Enter the
http://localhost:49157
address (localhost
is0.0.0.0
) in your browser:This didn't work. The reason it doesn't work is your
DOCKER_HOST
address is not the localhost address (0.0.0.0) but is instead the address of theboot2docker
VM.Get the address of the
boot2docker
VM.$ boot2docker ip 192.168.59.103
Enter the
http://192.168.59.103:49157
address in your browser:Success!
To stop and then remove your running
nginx
container, do the following:$ docker stop web $ docker rm web
Mount a volume on the container
When you start boot2docker
, it automatically shares your /Users
directory with the VM. You can use this share point to mount directories onto your container. The next exercise demonstrates how to do this.
Change to your user
$HOME
directory.$ cd $HOME
Make a new
site
directory.$ mkdir site
Change into the
site
directory.$ cd site
Create a new
index.html
file.$ echo "my new site" > index.html
Start a new
nginx
container and replace thehtml
folder with yoursite
directory.$ docker run -d -P -v $HOME/site:/usr/share/nginx/html --name mysite nginx
Get the
mysite
container's port.$ docker port mysite 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49166 443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49165
Open the site in a browser:
Try adding a page to your
$HOME/site
in real time.$ echo "This is cool" > cool.html
Open the new page in the browser.
Stop and then remove your running
mysite
container.$ docker stop mysite $ docker rm mysite
Upgrade Boot2Docker
If you running Boot2Docker 1.4.1 or greater, you can upgrade Boot2Docker from the command line. If you are running an older version, you should use the package provided by the boot2docker
repository.
From the command line
To upgrade from 1.4.1 or greater, you can do this:
Open a terminal on your local machine.
Stop the
boot2docker
application.$ boot2docker stop
Run the upgrade command.
$ boot2docker upgrade
Use the installer
To upgrade any version of Boot2Docker, do this:
Open a terminal on your local machine.
Stop the
boot2docker
application.$ boot2docker stop
Go to the boot2docker/osx-installerrelease page.
Download Boot2Docker by clicking
Boot2Docker-x.x.x.pkg
in the "Downloads" section.Install Boot2Docker by double-clicking the package.
The installer places Boot2Docker in your "Applications" folder.
Learning more and Acknowledgement
Use boot2docker help
to list the full command line reference. For more information about using SSH or SCP to access the Boot2Docker VM, see the README at Boot2Docker repository.
Thanks to Chris Jones whose blog inspired me to redo this page.
Continue with the Docker User Guide.
参考:https://docs.docker.com/installation/mac/
http://dockerpool.com/static/books/docker_practice/appendix_command/README.html
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