在spring中使用Hibernate5

目录

• 1. Overview
• 2. Spring Integration
• 3. Maven Dependencies
• 4. Configuration
  • 4.1. Using Java Configuration
  • 4.2. Using XML Configuration
• 5. Usage
• 6. Supported Databases
• 7. Conclusion

1. Overview

In this article, we’ll discuss how to bootstrap Hibernate 5 with Spring, using both Java and XML configuration.

2. Spring Integration

Bootstrapping a SessionFactory with the native Hibernate API is a bit complicated and would take us quite a few lines of code (have a look at the official documentation in case you really need to do that).

Fortunately, Spring supports bootstrapping the SessionFactory – so that we only need a few lines of Java code or XML configuration.

Also, before we jump in, if you’re working with older versions of Hibernate, you can have a look at the articles about Hibernate 3 as well as Hibernate 4 with Spring.

3. Maven Dependencies

Let’s get started by first adding the necessary dependencies to our pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
    <version>5.4.2.Final</version>
</dependency>

The [spring-orm module](https://search.maven.org/classic/#search|gav|1|g%3A"org.springframework" AND a%3A"spring-orm") provides the Spring integration with Hibernate:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

For the sake of simplicity, we’ll use [H2](https://search.maven.org/classic/#search|gav|1|g%3A"com.h2database" AND a%3A"h2") as our database:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.197</version>
</dependency>

Finally, we are going to use [Tomcat JDBC Connection Pooling](https://search.maven.org/classic/#search|gav|1|g%3A"org.apache.tomcat" AND a%3A"tomcat-dbcp"), which fits better for production purposes than the DriverManagerDataSource provided by Spring:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-dbcp</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.1</version>
</dependency>

4. Configuration

As mentioned before, Spring supports us with bootstrapping the Hibernate SessionFactory.

All we have to do is to define some beans as well as a few parameters.

With Spring, we have two options for these configurations, a Java-based and an XML-based way.

4.1. Using Java Configuration

For using Hibernate 5 with Spring, little has changed since Hibernate 4: we have to use LocalSessionFactoryBeanfrom the package org.springframework.orm.hibernate5 instead of org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.

Like with Hibernate 4 before, we have to define beans for LocalSessionFactoryBean, DataSource, and PlatformTransactionManager, as well as some Hibernate-specific properties.

Let’s create our HibernateConfig class to configure Hibernate 5 with Spring:

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class HibernateConf {
    @Bean
    public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory() {
        LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(dataSource());
        sessionFactory.setPackagesToScan(
          {"com.baeldung.hibernate.bootstrap.model" });
        sessionFactory.setHibernateProperties(hibernateProperties());
        return sessionFactory;
    }
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("org.h2.Driver");
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:h2:mem:db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1");
        dataSource.setUsername("sa");
        dataSource.setPassword("sa");
        return dataSource;
    }
    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager hibernateTransactionManager() {
        HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager
          = new HibernateTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory().getObject());
        return transactionManager;
    }
    private final Properties hibernateProperties() {
        Properties hibernateProperties = new Properties();
        hibernateProperties.setProperty(
          "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");
        hibernateProperties.setProperty(
          "hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect");
        return hibernateProperties;
    }
}

4.2. Using XML Configuration

As a secondary option, we can also configure Hibernate 5 with an XML-based configuration:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="...">
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
      class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource"
          ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="packagesToScan"
          value="com.baeldung.hibernate.bootstrap.model"/>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">
                    create-drop
                </prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                    org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
                </prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="dataSource"
      class="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="org.h2.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:h2:mem:db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1"/>
        <property name="username" value="sa"/>
        <property name="password" value="sa"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="txManager"
      class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

As we can easily see, we’re defining exactly the same beans and parameters as in the Java-based configuration earlier.

To bootstrap the XML into the Spring context, we can use a simple Java configuration file if the application is configured with Java configuration:

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@ImportResource({"classpath:hibernate5Configuration.xml"})
public class HibernateXMLConf {
    //
}

Alternatively, we can simply provide the XML file to the Spring Context, if the overall configuration is purely XML.

5. Usage

At this point, Hibernate 5 is fully configured with Spring, and we can inject the raw Hibernate SessionFactory directly whenever we need to:

public abstract class BarHibernateDAO {
    @Autowired
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    // ...
}

6. Supported Databases

Unfortunately, the Hibernate project doesn’t exactly provide an official list of supported databases.

That being said, it’s easy to see if a particular database type might be supported, we can have a look at the list of supported dialects.

7. Conclusion

In this quick tutorial, we configured Spring with Hibernate 5 – with both Java and XML configuration.

As always, the full source code of the examples is available over on GitHub.