[LeetCode] 264. Ugly Number II 丑陋数 II

Write a program to find the n-th ugly number.

Ugly numbers are positive numbers whose prime factors only include 2, 3, 5.

Example:

Input: n = 10
Output: 12
Explanation: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 is the sequence of the first 10 ugly numbers.

Note:

1. 1 is typically treated as an ugly number.
2. n does not exceed 1690.

新题中没有提示，老版的有。

Hint:

1. The naive approach is to call isUgly for every number until you reach the n^th one. Most numbers are not ugly. Try to focus your effort on generating only the ugly ones.
2. An ugly number must be multiplied by either 2, 3, or 5 from a smaller ugly number.
3. The key is how to maintain the order of the ugly numbers. Try a similar approach of merging from three sorted lists: L₁, L₂, and L₃.
4. Assume you have U_k, the k^th ugly number. Then U_k+1 must be Min(L₁ * 2, L₂ * 3, L₃ * 5).

写一个程序找到第n个丑陋数，根据提示，丑陋数序列可以拆分为下面的子列表：

(1) 1x2,  2x2, 2x2, 3x2, 3x2, 4x2, 5x2...

(2) 1x3,  1x3, 2x3, 2x3, 2x3, 3x3, 3x3...

(3) 1x5,  1x5, 1x5, 1x5, 2x5, 2x5, 2x5...

每个子列表都是一个丑陋数分别乘以2,3,5，而要求的丑陋数就是从已经生成的序列中取出来的，每次都从三个列表中取出当前最小的那个加入序列。

Java:

public class Solution {
    public int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
        int[] ugly = new int[n];
        ugly[0] = 1;
        int index2 = 0, index3 = 0, index5 = 0;
        int factor2 = 2, factor3 = 3, factor5 = 5;
        for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
            int min = Math.min(Math.min(factor2,factor3),factor5);
            ugly[i] = min;
            if(factor2 == min)
                factor2 = 2*ugly[++index2];
            if(factor3 == min)
                factor3 = 3*ugly[++index3];
            if(factor5 == min)
                factor5 = 5*ugly[++index5];
        }
        return ugly[n-1];
    }
}

Python:

def nthUglyNumber(self, n):
    ugly = [1]
    i2, i3, i5 = 0, 0, 0
    while n > 1:
        u2, u3, u5 = 2 * ugly[i2], 3 * ugly[i3], 5 * ugly[i5]
        umin = min((u2, u3, u5))
        if umin == u2:
            i2 += 1
        if umin == u3:
            i3 += 1
        if umin == u5:
            i5 += 1
        ugly.append(umin)
        n -= 1
    return ugly[-1]　

C++:

class Solution {
public:
    int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
        if(n <= 0) return false; // get rid of corner cases
        if(n == 1) return true; // base case
        int t2 = 0, t3 = 0, t5 = 0; //pointers for 2, 3, 5
        vector<int> k(n);
        k[0] = 1;
        for(int i  = 1; i < n ; i ++)
        {
            k[i] = min(k[t2]*2,min(k[t3]*3,k[t5]*5));
            if(k[i] == k[t2]*2) t2++;
            if(k[i] == k[t3]*3) t3++;
            if(k[i] == k[t5]*5) t5++;
        }
        return k[n-1];
    }
};　　

C++:

class Solution {
public:
    int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
        vector<int> res(1, 1);
        int i2 = 0, i3 = 0, i5 = 0;
        while (res.size() < n) {
            int m2 = res[i2] * 2, m3 = res[i3] * 3, m5 = res[i5] * 5;
            int mn = min(m2, min(m3, m5));
            if (mn == m2) ++i2;
            if (mn == m3) ++i3;
            if (mn == m5) ++i5;
            res.push_back(mn);
        }
        return res.back();
    }
};

　　

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