原文 C# 中的值类型和引用类型

  值类型(value type):int,long,float,double,decimal,char,bool 和 struct 统称为值类型。值类型变量声明后,不管是否已经赋值,编译器为其分配内存。

  引用类型(reference type):string 和 class统称为引用类型。当声明一个类时,只在栈中分配一小片内存用于容纳一个地址,而此时并没有为其分配堆上的内存空间。当使用
new 创建一个类的实例时,分配堆上的空间,并把堆上空间的地址保存到栈上分配的小片空间中。

下例说明值类型和引用类型的区别:

    using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text; namespace Parameters
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Dowork();
} static void Dowork()
{
int i = 0; // int 是值类型
Console.WriteLine(i); // i = 0
Pass.value(i); // 值类型使用的是 i 的副本,i不变
Console.WriteLine(i); // i = 0 WrappendInt wi = new WrappendInt(); // 创建类 WrappendInt 的另外一个实例
Console.WriteLine(wi.Number); // 0 // 被默认构造器初始化为 0
Pass.Reference(wi); // 调用方法,wi 和 param 将引用同一个对象
Console.WriteLine(wi.Number); // 42
}
} class Pass
{
public static void value(int param)
{
param = 42; // 赋值操作使用的是值类型参数的一个副本,原始参数不受影响
} public static void Reference(WrappendInt param) // 创建类 WrappendInt 的一个实例
{
param.Number = 42; // 此参数是引用类型的参数
}
} class WrappendInt // 类是引用类型
{
public int Number;
}
}

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" 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