sql分页的几种写法

一直想整理下关于sql分页的几种方法，今天终于有时间整理下了。闲话少说直接上sql，先创建一个测试库，测试表以及测试数据，sql语句如下：

CREATE DATABASE DBTEST
GO
USE DBTEST
GO
--创建测试表
create table pagetest
(
id int identity(1,1) not null,
col01 int null,
col02 nvarchar(50) null,
col03 datetime null
)

--100万记录集 耗时 3'46''
declare @i int
set @i=0
while(@i<1000000)
begin
    insert into pagetest select cast(floor(rand()*1000000) as int),left(newid(),10),getdate()
    set @i=@i+1
END

在pagetest表里面插入了1000000条记录，共耗时3'46''，当然这跟电脑配置有关。主要说以下几种方法：

为了方便定义两个参数，一个是页的大小@PageSize，一个是@PageIndex页的索引。

DECLARE @pageIndex INT, -----页索引

@pageSize INT  -----页大小

我们设置每页大小为500条，取@pageIndex=198 即199页数据，

SET @pageSize=500

SET @pageIndex=198

下面直接上几种常用的sql分页的方法：为了测试每种方法的执行时间，定义一个开始时间和结束时间

DECLARE @begin_date DATETIME;
DECLARE @end_date DATETIME;
SELECT @begin_date = GETDATE();

DECLARE @pageIndex INT, -----页索引
        @pageSize INT   -----页大小

SET @pageSize = 500;
SET @pageIndex = 198;

----写法一 NOT IN /Top
SET @begin_date = GETDATE();

SELECT TOP (@pageSize)
    *
FROM dbo.pagetest
WHERE id NOT IN
      (
          SELECT TOP (@pageSize * @pageIndex) id FROM dbo.pagetest ORDER BY id ASC
      )
ORDER BY id ASC;

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'NOT IN /Top' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

----写法二 NOT EXIST
SET @begin_date = GETDATE();

SELECT TOP (@pageSize)
    *
FROM dbo.pagetest p
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(
    SELECT 1
    FROM
    (
        SELECT TOP (@pageSize * @pageIndex)
            *
        FROM dbo.pagetest p
        ORDER BY p.id ASC
    ) a
    WHERE p.id = a.id
)
ORDER BY id ASC;

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'NOT EXIST' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

----写法三 MAX/TOP
SET @begin_date = GETDATE();

SELECT TOP (@pageSize)
    *
FROM dbo.pagetest
WHERE id >
      (
          SELECT MAX(id)
          FROM
          (
              SELECT TOP (@pageSize * @pageIndex)
                  *
              FROM dbo.pagetest
              ORDER BY id ASC
          ) a
      )
ORDER BY id ASC;

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'MAX/TOP' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

----写法四 ROW NUMBER()
SET @begin_date = GETDATE();

SELECT TOP (@pageSize)
    a.*
FROM
(
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY id ASC) rowNum,
        *
    FROM dbo.pagetest
) a
WHERE a.rowNum > (@pageSize * @pageIndex)
ORDER BY a.id;

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'ROW NUMBER()一' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

SET @begin_date = GETDATE();

SELECT a.*
FROM
(
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY id ASC) rowNum,
        *
    FROM dbo.pagetest
) a
WHERE a.rowNum > (@pageSize * @pageIndex)
      AND a.rowNum < (@pageSize * @pageIndex + @pageSize + 1)
ORDER BY a.id;

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'ROW NUMBER()二' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

SET @begin_date = GETDATE();

SELECT a.*
FROM
(
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY id ASC) rowNum,
        *
    FROM dbo.pagetest
) a
WHERE a.rowNum
BETWEEN (@pageSize * @pageIndex + 1) AND (@pageSize * @pageIndex + @pageSize)
ORDER BY a.id;

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'ROW NUMBER()三' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

----写法五 ROWNUMBER()变体
SET @begin_date = GETDATE();

SELECT *
FROM
(
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY tempColumn) AS rowNum,
        *
    FROM
    (
        SELECT TOP (@pageIndex * @pageSize + @pageSize)
            tempColumn = 0,
            *
        FROM pagetest
        WHERE 1 = 1
        ORDER BY id ASC
    ) a
) b
WHERE b.rowNum > (@pageIndex * @pageSize);

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'ROW NUMBER()变体' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

----写法六 OFFSET mssql2012后支持
SET @begin_date = GETDATE();
SELECT *
FROM dbo.pagetest
ORDER BY id ASC
OFFSET @pageIndex * @pageSize ROWS FETCH NEXT @pageSize ROWS ONLY;

SELECT @end_date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'OFFSET' AS 'Type',
    DATEDIFF(ms, @begin_date, @end_date) AS '毫秒';

大体看一下几种方法的执行速度，

执行多次后大体可以看出Max Top,RowNum()以及offset的执行效率比较高，RowNum()应该是在sql2005后就支持了，而offset是从sql2012开始支持。将以上两种常用的方法封装成存储过程：一个是RowNum() 一个是MaxTop

USE [DBTEST]
GO

/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[Proc_SqlPageByRownumber]    Script Date: 2017/4/21 16:24:52 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

-- =============================================
-- Author:		Allen
-- Create date: 2017-04-19
-- Description:	根据RowNumber()分页
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Proc_SqlPageByRownumber]
(
    @tbName VARCHAR(255),             --表名
    @tbGetFields VARCHAR(1000) = '*', --返回字段
    @OrderfldName VARCHAR(255),       --排序的字段名
    @PageSize INT = 20,               --页尺寸
    @PageIndex INT = 1,               --页码
    @OrderType BIT = 0,               --0升序，非0降序
    @strWhere VARCHAR(1000) = '',      --查询条件
    @TotalCount INT OUTPUT            --返回总记录数
)
AS
    DECLARE @strSql VARCHAR(5000); --主语句
    DECLARE @strSqlCount NVARCHAR(500); --查询记录总数主语句
    DECLARE @strOrder VARCHAR(300); -- 排序类型
    BEGIN
        --------------总记录数---------------
        IF ISNULL(@strWhere, '') <> ''
            SET @strSqlCount = 'Select @TotalCout=count(1) from  ' + @tbName + ' where 1=1 ' + @strWhere;
        ELSE
            SET @strSqlCount = 'Select @TotalCout=count(1) from  ' + @tbName;

        exec sp_executesql @strSqlCount,N'@TotalCout int output',@TotalCount output
        --------------分页------------
        IF @PageIndex <= 0
            SET @PageIndex = 1;

        IF (@OrderType <> 0)
            SET @strOrder = ' ORDER BY ' + @OrderfldName + ' DESC ';
        ELSE
            SET @strOrder = ' ORDER BY ' + @OrderfldName + ' ASC ';

        SET @strSql
            = 'SELECT * FROM
    (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(' + @strOrder + ') RowNo,' + @tbGetFields + ' FROM ' + @tbName + ' WHERE 1=1 '
              + @strWhere + ' ) tb
    WHERE tb.RowNo BETWEEN ' + STR((@PageIndex - 1) * @PageSize + 1) + ' AND ' + STR(@PageIndex * @PageSize);

        EXEC (@strSql);

    SELECT @TotalCount

    END;

GO

USE [DBTEST]
GO

/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[ProcSqlPageByMaxTop]    Script Date: 2017/4/21 16:27:11 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

-- =============================================
-- Author:		Allen
-- Create date: 2017-04-19
-- Description:	MaxTop
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ProcSqlPageByMaxTop]
    @tbName VARCHAR(255),    --表名
    @tbFields VARCHAR(1000), --返回字段
    @PageSize INT,           --页尺寸
    @PageIndex INT,          --页码
    @strWhere VARCHAR(1000), --查询条件
    @StrOrder VARCHAR(255),  --排序条件
    @Total INT OUTPUT        --返回总记录数
AS
    DECLARE @strSql VARCHAR(5000); --主语句
    DECLARE @strSqlCount NVARCHAR(500); --查询记录总数主语句
    BEGIN
        --------------总记录数---------------
        IF @strWhere != ''
        BEGIN
            SET @strSqlCount = 'Select @TotalCout=count(*) from  ' + @tbName + ' where ' + @strWhere;
        END;
        ELSE
        BEGIN
            SET @strSqlCount = 'Select @TotalCout=count(*) from  ' + @tbName;
        END;
        --------------分页------------
        IF @PageIndex <= 0
        BEGIN
            SET @PageIndex = 1;
        END;

        SET @strSql
            = 'select top ' + STR(@PageSize) + ' * from ' + @tbName + '
where id>(select max(id) from (select top ' + STR((@PageIndex - 1) * @PageSize) + ' id from ' + @tbName + ''
              + @StrOrder + ')a)
'                     + @StrOrder + '';

        EXEC sp_executesql @strSqlCount, N'@TotalCout int output', @Total OUTPUT;
        EXEC (@strSql);
    END;

GO
ish

以上也只是对单表的查询，注意在sql优化时要加上主键和索引，查询效率会提高，关于如何创建索引，在哪些字段时创建索引在下一篇博客中说明。