Linux yum源详解

软件包安装方式

0.默认从官网下载包(国内，雅虎，网易，阿里云)
        cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo  【yum文件目录--redhat6版】

【搜狐】http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/CentOS-Base-sohu.repo
【网易】http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
【阿里】https://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/centos   

   1.yum :  Linux包管理器 ，解决依赖问题，方便快捷

        yum install XXX -y
        yum groupinstall XXX 包组的列表  -y
        yum grouplist 里面选择包组，然后yum groupinstall "包组" -y
        yum search  包名
        yum search all  查询所有
        yum remove tree -y  删除命令(不建议用，因为yum可以解决依赖问题，删除会删除所有包的依赖)
        yum update; 安装所有软件到最新版本

   2. rpm安装：

        rpm -ivh 包名  i==install h==human 人可读
        rpm -ivh 包名 安装软件
        rpm -qa  包名 查询包名
        最大的问题：就是安装包的依赖问题(a->b->c->d)

     3.源码安装:

 /configure; make; make install  源代码安装方式

在线安装配置yum源

# 查看操作系统版本
cat /etc/redhat-release
# 查看操作系统32/64位
uname -m
# 进入yum文件目录
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# 备份源文件
cp CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
# 下载网易yum源

wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo 【网易】
#【可选】下载阿里yum源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo  【阿里】

# 更改权限和属组
chmod 644 CentOS6-Base-163.repo
chown root.root CentOS6-Base-163.repo
附[可选]：如果还是用不了yum,可以替换文件内的版本信息为你当前操作系统的版本，一般没问题的
# 替换文件的版本信息
sed -i 's/$releasever/6/g' CentOS6-Base-163.repo  

配置yum安装保存安装包

# 更改配置文件
sed -i 's#keepcache=0#keepcache=1#g' /etc/yum.conf
# 进入路径下查看安装包
cd /var/cache/yum/*/6/base/packages/
# 查看更改后的文件信息

grep 'keep' /etc/yum.conf 

附网易yum源：

 # CentOS-Base.repo
 #
 # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
 # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
 # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
 # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
 #
 # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
 # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
 #
 #

 [base]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - .com
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
 gpgcheck=
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #released updates
 [updates]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - .com
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
 gpgcheck=
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #additional packages that may be useful
 [extras]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - .com
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
 gpgcheck=
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
 [centosplus]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - .com
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
 gpgcheck=
 enabled=
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #contrib - packages by Centos Users
 [contrib]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - .com
 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
 gpgcheck=
 enabled=
 gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

附阿里配置文件

 # CentOS-Base.repo
 #
 # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
 # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
 # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
 # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
 #
 # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
 # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
 #
 #

 [base]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
         http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
 gpgcheck=
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #released updates
 [updates]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
         http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
 gpgcheck=
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #additional packages that may be useful
 [extras]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
         http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
 gpgcheck=
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
 [centosplus]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
         http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
 gpgcheck=
 enabled=
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

 #contrib - packages by Centos Users
 [contrib]
 name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
 failovermethod=priority
 baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
         http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
 #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
 gpgcheck=
 enabled=
 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6