[SpringBoot/SpringMVC]从Webapp下载一个大文件出现java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded怎么办?
本文示例工程下载:https://files.cnblogs.com/files/xiandedanteng/WebFileDownload20191026.rar
制作一个Webapp,让其中一个网页提供下载链接,以使用户能下载本地文件或是临时生成的文件,这些都不是难事,网上也有很多既存的解决方案。
但是,这个问题难点在,但生成文件过大时,产生java.lang.OutOfMemoryError异常怎么办?有人提出修改JVM内存参数,如-Xms<min>m -Xmx<max>m方式,但终究是治标不治本的方法,如果下载数据量又超过设定的上限呢?
其实问题的本质是:在为大数据生成准备过程中,大量对象产生了来不及释放,因为还需要在接下来的步骤中使用,所以驻留在内存中,内存越积越多,终究导致java.lang.OutOfMemoryError异常。举个例子来说,有个emp表,存储员工的id姓名年龄等,当只有千百条时,取出结果集转成链表再写入csv文件自然没什么问题,但如果数据越来越多,还是结果集放链表里又来不及释放,总有内存不够的时候。
- 2019-10-25 14:43:05.518 ERROR 40016 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet] : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Handler dispatch failed; nested exception is java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded] with root cause
- java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded
- at java.lang.Integer.toString(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
- at java.lang.String.valueOf(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
- at com.example.demo.CsvUtil.exportBigCsv(CsvUtil.java:78) ~[classes/:na]
- at com.example.demo.SpringBootWeb1Application.downloadBigCsvFile(SpringBootWeb1Application.java:141) ~[classes/:na]
- at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
- at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
- at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
- at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:1.8.0_201]
- at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:104) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:892) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:797) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1039) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:942) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1005) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:897) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:882) ~[spring-webmvc-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53) ~[tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:118) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.24.jar:9.0.24]
- at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:92) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
- at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:118) ~[spring-web-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar:5.1.9.RELEASE]
要解决这个问题,就得耐下心来,将整体读整体写改成分批读分批写(分批方案和分页方案类似,诸位可自行寻找合适自己DB的DB dialect),最后再下载。
示例页面:
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html lang="utf-8">
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
- <head>
- <title>happy go lucky</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h2>文件下载测试</h2>
- <hr/>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="/dldLocalFile">下载本地文件dld.rar</a></li>
- <li><a href="/dldGeneratedFile/100">下载生成百行CSV文件</a></li>
- <li><a href="/dldGeneratedFile/100000000">下载生成亿行CSV文件</a></li>
- <li><a href="/dldGeneratedFile2/10000000">下载生成千万行CSV文件 可能 出现java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded</a></li>
- <li><a href="/dldGeneratedFile3/10000000">下载生成千万行CSV文件 不会可能 出现java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit exceeded</a></li>
- </ol>
- </body>
- </html>
- <script type="text/javascript">
- <!--
- // 脚本
- //-->
- </script>
控制类:
- package com.example.demo;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.net.URLDecoder;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- @Controller
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class WebFileDownloadApplication {
- private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(WebFileDownloadApplication.class);
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(WebFileDownloadApplication.class, args);
- }
- @RequestMapping("/")
- public String index() {
- logger.info("进入index页");
- return "index.html";
- }
- @RequestMapping("/dldLocalFile")
- public void downloadLocalFile(HttpServletResponse res, HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception {
- logger.info("下载本地文件");
- String localFilename = "dld.rar";
- String localFilepath = getClass().getResource("/static/" + localFilename).getPath();
- res.setContentType("multipart/form-data");
- res.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- res.setContentType("text/html");
- String userAgent = req.getHeader("User-Agent");
- if (userAgent.contains("MSIE") || userAgent.contains("Trident")) {
- // IE Core
- localFilename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(localFilename, "UTF-8");
- } else {
- // Non-IE Core
- localFilename = new String((localFilename).getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1");
- }
- res.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + localFilename);
- localFilepath = URLDecoder.decode(localFilepath, "UTF-8");
- FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(localFilepath);
- ServletOutputStream outstream = res.getOutputStream();
- int b = 0;
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- while ((b = instream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
- outstream.write(buffer, 0, b);
- }
- instream.close();
- if (outstream != null) {
- outstream.flush();
- outstream.close();
- }
- }
- @RequestMapping("/dldGeneratedFile/{count}")
- public void downloadGeneratedCsvFile(HttpServletResponse res, HttpServletRequest req,@PathVariable String count) throws Exception {
- logger.info("Start downloadGeneratedCsvFile");
- SimpleDateFormat dfs = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
- Date time = new Date();
- String tStamp = dfs.format(time);
- String localFilename = tStamp+".csv";
- String path=req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
- String localFilepath = path+localFilename;
- logger.info("准备生成的本地路径文件名="+localFilepath);
- res.setContentType("multipart/form-data");
- res.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- res.setContentType("text/html");
- String userAgent = req.getHeader("User-Agent");
- if (userAgent.contains("MSIE") || userAgent.contains("Trident")) {
- // IE Core
- localFilename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(localFilename, "UTF-8");
- } else {
- // Non-IE Core
- localFilename = new String((localFilename).getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1");
- }
- res.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + localFilename);
- localFilepath = URLDecoder.decode(localFilepath, "UTF-8");
- List<String> dataList=new ArrayList<String>();
- for(int i=0;i<100;i++) {
- dataList.add(String.valueOf(i));
- }
- File file=new File(localFilepath);
- CsvUtil.generateCsv(file,Integer.parseInt(count));
- logger.info("已经生成文件:"+localFilepath);
- FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(localFilepath);
- ServletOutputStream outstream = res.getOutputStream();
- int b = 0;
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- while ((b = instream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
- outstream.write(buffer, 0, b);
- }
- instream.close();
- if (outstream != null) {
- outstream.flush();
- outstream.close();
- boolean isDeleted=file.delete();
- if(isDeleted) {
- logger.info("已经删除文件:"+localFilepath);
- }
- }
- }
- @RequestMapping("/dldGeneratedFile2/{count}")
- public void downloadGeneratedCsvFile2(HttpServletResponse res, HttpServletRequest req,@PathVariable String count) throws Exception {
- logger.info("Start downloadGeneratedCsvFile2");
- SimpleDateFormat dfs = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
- Date time = new Date();
- String tStamp = dfs.format(time);
- String localFilename = tStamp+".csv";
- String path=req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
- String localFilepath = path+localFilename;
- logger.info("准备生成的本地路径文件名="+localFilepath);
- res.setContentType("multipart/form-data");
- res.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- res.setContentType("text/html");
- String userAgent = req.getHeader("User-Agent");
- if (userAgent.contains("MSIE") || userAgent.contains("Trident")) {
- // IE Core
- localFilename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(localFilename, "UTF-8");
- } else {
- // Non-IE Core
- localFilename = new String((localFilename).getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1");
- }
- res.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + localFilename);
- localFilepath = URLDecoder.decode(localFilepath, "UTF-8");
- List<String> dataList=new ArrayList<String>();
- for(int i=0;i<100;i++) {
- dataList.add(String.valueOf(i));
- }
- File file=new File(localFilepath);
- CsvUtil.generateCsv2(file,Integer.parseInt(count));
- logger.info("已经生成文件:"+localFilepath);
- FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(localFilepath);
- ServletOutputStream outstream = res.getOutputStream();
- int b = 0;
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- while ((b = instream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
- outstream.write(buffer, 0, b);
- }
- instream.close();
- if (outstream != null) {
- outstream.flush();
- outstream.close();
- boolean isDeleted=file.delete();
- if(isDeleted) {
- logger.info("已经删除文件:"+localFilepath);
- }
- }
- }
- @RequestMapping("/dldGeneratedFile3/{count}")
- public void downloadGeneratedCsvFile3(HttpServletResponse res, HttpServletRequest req,@PathVariable String count) throws Exception {
- logger.info("Start downloadGeneratedCsvFile3");
- SimpleDateFormat dfs = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
- Date time = new Date();
- String tStamp = dfs.format(time);
- String localFilename = tStamp+".csv";
- String path=req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
- String localFilepath = path+localFilename;
- logger.info("准备生成的本地路径文件名="+localFilepath);
- res.setContentType("multipart/form-data");
- res.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- res.setContentType("text/html");
- String userAgent = req.getHeader("User-Agent");
- if (userAgent.contains("MSIE") || userAgent.contains("Trident")) {
- // IE Core
- localFilename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(localFilename, "UTF-8");
- } else {
- // Non-IE Core
- localFilename = new String((localFilename).getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1");
- }
- res.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + localFilename);
- localFilepath = URLDecoder.decode(localFilepath, "UTF-8");
- List<String> dataList=new ArrayList<String>();
- for(int i=0;i<100;i++) {
- dataList.add(String.valueOf(i));
- }
- File file=new File(localFilepath);
- CsvUtil.generateCsv3(file,Integer.parseInt(count));
- logger.info("已经生成文件:"+localFilepath);
- FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(localFilepath);
- ServletOutputStream outstream = res.getOutputStream();
- int b = 0;
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- while ((b = instream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
- outstream.write(buffer, 0, b);
- }
- instream.close();
- if (outstream != null) {
- outstream.flush();
- outstream.close();
- boolean isDeleted=file.delete();
- if(isDeleted) {
- logger.info("已经删除文件:"+localFilepath);
- }
- }
- }
- }
数据生成类:
- package com.example.demo;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileWriter;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- public class CsvUtil {
- private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CsvUtil.class);
- // 这种方式不会内存溢出,因为创建的数组对象用于写完文件后在一个循环结束就释放了
- public static boolean generateCsv(File file,int rowCount) {
- try {
- FileWriter fileWriter =new FileWriter(file, true);
- for(int j=0;j<rowCount;j++) {
- int lineNo=j;
- String[] arr=new String[20];
- for(int k=0;k<arr.length;k++) {
- arr[k]=String.valueOf(k);
- }
- String info=String.valueOf(lineNo)+","+String.join(",", arr)+System.getProperty("line.separator");
- fileWriter.write(info);
- }
- fileWriter.flush();
- fileWriter.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return true;
- }
- // 这种方式因为生成一个大list,容易造成内存驻留过多而溢出
- public static boolean generateCsv2(File file,int rowCount) {
- try {
- // 先模拟访问数据库创建集合,当数据量大时会出现outofmemory异常
- List<String[]> list=new ArrayList<String[]>();
- for(int i=0;i<rowCount;i++) {
- String[] arr=new String[20];
- for(int k=0;k<arr.length;k++) {
- arr[k]=String.valueOf(k);
- }
- list.add(arr);
- }
- // 再将集合写文件
- FileWriter fileWriter =new FileWriter(file, true);
- int index=0;
- for(String[] arr:list) {
- index++;
- String info=String.valueOf(index)+","+String.join(",", arr)+System.getProperty("line.separator");
- fileWriter.write(info);
- }
- fileWriter.flush();
- fileWriter.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return true;
- }
- // 这种方式改成分批写入文件方式,以规避内存溢出
- public static boolean generateCsv3(File file,int rowCount) {
- logger.info("generateCsv3");
- try {
- final int LinesOnceTime=10000;
- int count=rowCount/LinesOnceTime;
- for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
- // 再将集合写文件
- FileWriter fileWriter =new FileWriter(file, true);
- List<String[]> list=new ArrayList<String[]>();
- // 这回list被限制在了LinesOnceTime件,这一步代表着从数据库分批取,oracle有townum支持,mysql有limit支持
- for(int j=0;j<LinesOnceTime;j++) {
- String[] arr=new String[20];
- for(int k=0;k<arr.length;k++) {
- arr[k]=String.valueOf(k);
- }
- list.add(arr);
- }
- int index=0;
- for(String[] arr:list) {
- index++;
- int lineNo=i*LinesOnceTime+index;
- String info=String.valueOf(lineNo)+","+String.join(",", arr)+System.getProperty("line.separator");
- fileWriter.write(info);
- }
- fileWriter.flush();
- fileWriter.close();
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return true;
- }
- }
续篇请看:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiandedanteng/p/11747855.html
--END-- 2019年10月26日14:49:02
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