CentOS搭建VSFTP

1、先看看有没有安装

rpm -qa | grep vsftpd

如果没有提示，说明没有安装。接下来，我们安装一个ftp。

2、yum安装vsftpd：

yum -y install vsftpd

安装完之后看看生成的配置文件：

[root@bxcsweb ~]# ll /etc/vsftpd/
总用量
-rw-------  root root   10月  : ftpusers
-rw-------  root root   10月  : user_list
-rw-------  root root  10月  : vsftpd.conf
-rwxr--r--  root root   10月  : vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh

3、配置vsftpd：

先说匿名浏览的公共FTP：

编辑vsftpd.conf：

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

先在最后加上一行：

anon_root=/path/to/vsftpd

这一行指定了我们的vsftpd的目录。如果我们的ftp是一个内网公共的，这样配完之后，重启一下服务：

[root@bxcsweb ftp]# service vsftpd restart
关闭 vsftpd：                                              [确定]
为 vsftpd 启动 vsftpd：                                    [确定]

然后去浏览器就可以匿名浏览了。

然后说说分权限的ftp配置：

编辑vsftpd.conf：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf. for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf. manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is . You may wish to change this to ,
# if your users expect that ( is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES
xferlog_file=/main/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port  (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
#之下行是手动添加的
#anon_root=/main/var/ftp  配置分用户权限之后，这个目录就不起作用了
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=ftp
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf

上面配置的具体说明：

anonymous_enable=NO   设定不允许匿名访问
local_enable=YES   设定本地用户可以访问。注：如使用虚拟宿主用户，在该项目设定为NO的情况下所有虚拟用户将无法访问。
chroot_list_enable=YES
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log 设定vsftpd的服务日志保存路径。注意，该文件默认不存在。必须要手动touch出来
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES  设定支持ASCII模式的上传和下载功能。
pam_service_name=vsftpd   PAM认证文件名。PAM将根据/etc/pam.d/vsftpd进行认证
以下这些是关于Vsftpd虚拟用户支持的重要配置项目。默认vsftpd.conf中不包含这些设定项目，需要自己手动添加配置。
guest_enable=YES   设定启用虚拟用户功能。
guest_username=ftp   指定虚拟用户的宿主用户。-CentOS中已经有内置的ftp用户了
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf 设定虚拟用户个人vsftp的配置文件存放路径。存放虚拟用户个性的配置文件(配置文件名=虚拟用户名)

然后手动创建上面配的这个日志文件：

touch /main/var/log/vsftpd.log  # 创建vsftp的日志文件

然后配置chroot_list：

shell>touch /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
shell>echo ftp >> /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

如果没有安装db4和db4-util,运行：

yum install db4 db4-utils

创建用户密码文本/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt：

格式是一行用户名，一行密码(我们准备创建两个用户，一个读写权限的admin用户，一个是只读权限的readUser用户)：

hjbFtpAdmin
password4Admin
hjbFtpReadUser
pswd4readUser

利用刚刚安装的db4-util生成虚拟用户认证的db文件

db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd.db

会生成一个文件：

-rw-r--r--  root root  11月   : vuser_passwd.db

然后编辑认证文件/etc/pam.d/vsftpd：

全部注释掉原来语句(出于安全性考虑，我们不要本地用户的认证了，全部使用虚拟用户认证)，再增加以下两句：

auth       required     pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd
account    required     pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_passwd

touch，然后vim虚拟用户个性配置文件

vim /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/hjbFtpAdmin

内容：

#虚拟用户admin的个性配置文件（可以写、上传、创建目录）
#虚拟用户的根目录
local_root=/main/var/path/to/FTP目录
write_enable=YES
anon_umask=
anon_world_readable_only=NO
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES

再给只读用户创建一个：

vim /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/hjbFtpReadUser

内容：

#虚拟用户个性配置文件（只读用户readUser，只能读，不能写、修改、删除）
#虚拟用户的根目录
local_root=/main/var/path/to/FTP目录
write_enable=NO
anon_umask=
anon_world_readable_only=YES
anon_upload_enable=NO
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
anon_other_write_enable=NO

接下来将ftp目录的属主改为“ftp”用户：

chown -R ftp /main/var/path/to/FTP目录

最后，重启服务：

service vsftpd start

分别使用两个用户登录，发现权限是不一样的。

主要参考资料：

http://www.cnblogs.com/xusion/articles/3421239.html

--------------------------------------------------2014.11.27补充：

如果遇到500 can not open xfe...log不能打开日志文件的错误就把日志文件的设置注释掉：

#xferlog_file=/main/var/log/vsftpd.log

这样就会使用默认的日志文件：xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog

如果上传文件遇到 553 Could not create file xxxx

可能是参数有问题：

[root@localhost main]# sestatus -b| grep ftp
allow_ftpd_anon_write                       off
allow_ftpd_full_access                      off
allow_ftpd_use_cifs                         off
allow_ftpd_use_nfs                          off
ftp_home_dir                                off
ftpd_connect_db                             off
ftpd_use_fusefs                             off
ftpd_use_passive_mode                       off
httpd_enable_ftp_server                     off
tftp_anon_write                             off
tftp_use_cifs                               off
tftp_use_nfs                                off

改一个：

 setsebool allow_ftpd_full_access on

就成了：

[root@localhost main]# sestatus -b| grep ftp
allow_ftpd_anon_write                       off
allow_ftpd_full_access                      on
allow_ftpd_use_cifs                         off
allow_ftpd_use_nfs                          off
ftp_home_dir                                off
ftpd_connect_db                             off
ftpd_use_fusefs                             off
ftpd_use_passive_mode                       off
httpd_enable_ftp_server                     off
tftp_anon_write                             off
tftp_use_cifs                               off
tftp_use_nfs                                off

然后就ok了。

再不行就考虑将ftp文件目录chown 为 ftp

chown -R ftp ftpServerRoot

或者试试直接777（不建议这么做！）

chmod  ftpServerRoot

问题解决过程参考了：http://www.ithov.com/linux/130713.shtml