python下载网页转化成pdf

最近在学习一个网站补充一下cg基础。但是前几天网站突然访问不了了，同学推荐了waybackmachine这个网站，它定期的对网络上的页面进行缓存，但是好多图片刷不出来，很憋屈。于是网站恢复访问后决定把网页爬下来存成pdf。

两点收获：

1.下载网页时图片、css等文件也下载下来，并且修改html中的路径。

2. beautifulsoup、wkhtmltopdf很强大，用起来很舒心

前期准备工作：

0.安装python

1.安装pip

下载pip的安装包get-pip.py，下载地址：https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing.html#id7

然后在get-pip.py所在的目录下运行get-pip.py

执行完成后，在python的安装目录下的Scripts子目录下，可以看到pip.exe

升级的话用 python -m pip install -U pip

2. 安装wkhtmltopdf : 适用于多平台的 html 到 pdf 的转换工具

3. install requests、beautifulsoup、pdfkit.

pdfkit 是 wkhtmltopdf 的Python封装包

beautifulsoup用于操纵html内容。

2.代码实现

from _ssl import PROTOCOL_TLSv1
from functools import wraps
import os
from ssl import SSLContext
import ssl
from test.test_tools import basepath
import urllib
from urllib.parse import urlparse  # py3
 
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import urllib3
 
def sslwrap(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def bar(*args, **kw):
        kw['ssl_version'] = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1
        return func(*args, **kw)
    return bar
 
def save(url,cls,outputDir,outputFile):
    print("saving " + url);
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(url,timeout=500)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response,"html5lib")
    #set css
   
    #save imgs
 
    #save html
    if(os.path.exists(outputDir+outputFile)):
        os.remove(outputDir+outputFile);
    if(cls!=""):
        body = soup.find_all(class_=cls)[0]
        with open(outputDir+outputFile,'wb') as f:
            f.write(str(body).encode(encoding='utf_8'))
    else:
        with open(outputDir+outputFile,'wb') as f:
            f.write(str(soup.find_all("html")).encode(encoding='utf_8'))
    print("finish!");
    return soup;
 
def crawl(base,outDir):
    ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
    heads = save(base+"/index.php?redirect","central-column",outDir,"/head.html");
    for link in heads.find_all('a'):
        pos = str(link.get('href'))
        if(pos.startswith('/lessons')==True):
            curDir = outDir+pos;
            if(os.path.exists(curDir)==False):
                makedirs(curDir)
            else:
                print("already exist " + curDir);
                continue
                
            counter = 1;
            while(True):
                body = save(base+pos,"",curDir,"/"+str(counter)+".html")
                counter+=1;
                
                hasNext = False;
                for div in body.find_all("div",class_="footer-prev-next-cell"):
                    if(div.get("style")=="text-align: right;"):
                        hrefs = div.find_all("a");
                        if(len(hrefs)>0):
                            hasNext = True;     
                            pos = hrefs[0]['href'];
                            print(">>next is at:"+pos)
                        break;
                if(hasNext==False):
                    break;
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    crawl("https://www.***.com", "E:/Documents/CG/***");
    print("finish")