Ubuntu grub2的启动配置文件grub.cfg，为了修改另人生厌的时间

文章转自http://hi.baidu.com/detax/blog/item/90f18b54a8ef5253d00906e4.html

升级到Ubuntu 9.10后，就要接触grub2了，它和以前的版本有了很多的不同。这里是一个基础教程。

一、grub2的启动配置文件grub.cfg

grub2的启动配置文件grub.cfg是/boot/grub/grub.cfg，而不是以前的memu.lst。
如果你是多系统，有Ubuntu和windows，那么用下面的命令，可以使grub2得到所以可以启动的系统。
sudo update-grub
实际就是让系统自己生成合适的grub.cfg文件。
这个grub.cfg文件是只读属性，so如果你要修改它，需要权限。
sudo chmod +w /boot/grub/grub.cfg
然后可以编辑grub.cfg了。
sudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

二、默认系统和等待时间
1、set default=0
这是说从第一项启动。每个启动项都是以menuentry开始，menuentry后面“xxx”是启动项名称，然后｛xxx｝是启动代码。
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic” {recordfail=1if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fiset quiet=1insmod ext2set root=(hd0,6)search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro   quiet splashinitrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic}menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)” {recordfail=1if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fiinsmod ext2set root=(hd0,6)search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro singleinitrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic}### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+)” {linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin}menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)” {linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8}### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)” {insmod ntfsset root=(hd0,1)search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 5c108a1c1089fd70drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}chainloader +1}if keystatus; thenif keystatus –shift; thenset timeout=-1elseset timeout=10fielseif sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; thenset timeout=10fifi### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic” {
recordfail=1
if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi
set quiet=1
insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,6)
search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro   quiet splash
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic
}
menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)” {
recordfail=1
if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi
insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,6)
search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+)” {
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)” {
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)” {
insmod ntfs
set root=(hd0,1)
search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 5c108a1c1089fd70
drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
chainloader +1
}
if keystatus; then
if keystatus –shift; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
else
if sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; then
set timeout=10
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
我 的第五个启动项是menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)”，我要它默认是以xp启动，所以修改为set default=”4″。(hd0,1)表示第一块硬盘的第一个分区，我的Linux在(hd0,6)。
当然，你也可以把你需要默认启动的系统放到最前面，那么就还是set default=0
2、set timeout=10
if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
这里停留在grub选择系统界面的时间就是10秒，即set timeout=10。
有时候我并不想等待这么久，我直接启动xp，需要Ubuntu时才按几下Shift键进入grub选择系统界面。可以添加如下代码：
if keystatus; then
if keystatus –shift; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
else
if sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; then
set timeout=10
fi
fi

三、其他详细配置说明

请点击此处下载grub2基础教程-修订版.pdf

四、我的grub.cfg文件

安装了xp和Ubuntu，默认启动xp，在电脑启动grub时，按Shift键进入系统选择界面。

#

# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s /boot/grub/grubenv ]; then
have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
set default=”4″
if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then
saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry}
save_env saved_entry
prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
fi
insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,6)
search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059
if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=640×480
insmod gfxterm
insmod vbe
if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else
# For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don’t
# understand terminal_output
terminal gfxterm
fi
fi
if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/white
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic” {
recordfail=1
if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi
set quiet=1
insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,6)
search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro   quiet splash
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic
}
menuentry “Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode)” {
recordfail=1
if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi
insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,6)
search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=040508ff-fec7-4c66-ba64-a09f8abe8059 ro single
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+)” {
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry “Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)” {
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry “Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)” {
insmod ntfs
set root=(hd0,1)
search –no-floppy –fs-uuid –set 5c108a1c1089fd70
drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
chainloader +1
}
if keystatus; then
if keystatus –shift; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
else
if sleep$verbose –interruptible 3 ; then
set timeout=10
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the ‘exec tail’ line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
一、grub.cfg详解(红色为说明)
说明：grub.cfg默认为只读，需要个性化配置文件的，建议不要直接修改grub.cfg，请参考链接的pdf文档和google文档。