Java POI 导出EXCEL经典实现 Java导出Excel

转自http://blog.csdn.net/evangel_z/article/details/7332535

在web开发中，有一个经典的功能，就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出，在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍，因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF，我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。（注意，我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出！么误会啦^_^）

呵呵，首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI！我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包：http://poi.apache.org/ ，我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。

将3个jar包导入到classpath下，什么？忘了怎么导包？不会吧！好，我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类（所谓实用，是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的！）。我一直强调做类也好，做方法也好，一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么，熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道，这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错，大伙请看：

 import java.util.Date;
 
 public class Student
 {
     private long id;
     private String name;
     private int age;
     private boolean sex;
     private Date birthday;
 
     public Student()
     {
     }
 
     public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday)
     {
         this.id = id;
         this.name = name;
         this.age = age;
         this.sex = sex;
         this.birthday = birthday;
     }
 
     public long getId()
     {
         return id;
     }
 
     public void setId(long id)
     {
         this.id = id;
     }
 
     public String getName()
     {
         return name;
     }
 
     public void setName(String name)
     {
         this.name = name;
     }
 
     public int getAge()
     {
         return age;
     }
 
     public void setAge(int age)
     {
         this.age = age;
     }
 
     public boolean getSex()
     {
         return sex;
     }
 
     public void setSex(boolean sex)
     {
         this.sex = sex;
     }
 
     public Date getBirthday()
     {
         return birthday;
     }
 
     public void setBirthday(Date birthday)
     {
         this.birthday = birthday;
     }
 
 }

 public class Book
 {
     private int bookId;
     private String name;
     private String author;
     private float price;
     private String isbn;
     private String pubName;
     private byte[] preface;
 
     public Book()
     {
     }
 
     public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,
             String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface)
     {
         this.bookId = bookId;
         this.name = name;
         this.author = author;
         this.price = price;
         this.isbn = isbn;
         this.pubName = pubName;
         this.preface = preface;
     }
 
     public int getBookId()
     {
         return bookId;
     }
 
     public void setBookId(int bookId)
     {
         this.bookId = bookId;
     }
 
     public String getName()
     {
         return name;
     }
 
     public void setName(String name)
     {
         this.name = name;
     }
 
     public String getAuthor()
     {
         return author;
     }
 
     public void setAuthor(String author)
     {
         this.author = author;
     }
 
     public float getPrice()
     {
         return price;
     }
 
     public void setPrice(float price)
     {
         this.price = price;
     }
 
     public String getIsbn()
     {
         return isbn;
     }
 
     public void setIsbn(String isbn)
     {
         this.isbn = isbn;
     }
 
     public String getPubName()
     {
         return pubName;
     }
 
     public void setPubName(String pubName)
     {
         this.pubName = pubName;
     }
 
     public byte[] getPreface()
     {
         return preface;
     }
 
     public void setPreface(byte[] preface)
     {
         this.preface = preface;
     }
 }

上面这两个类一目了然，就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类：

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
 
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
 
/**
 * 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档 转载时请保留以下信息，注明出处！
 *
 * @author leno
 * @version v1.0
 * @param <T>
 *            应用泛型，代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类
 *            注意这里为了简单起见，boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
 *            byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据
 */
public class ExportExcel<T>
{
    public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out)
    {
        exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
    }
 
    public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
            OutputStream out)
    {
        exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
    }
 
    public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
            OutputStream out, String pattern)
    {
        exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);
    }
 
    /**
     * 这是一个通用的方法，利用了JAVA的反射机制，可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上
     *
     * @param title
     *            表格标题名
     * @param headers
     *            表格属性列名数组
     * @param dataset
     *            需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
     *            javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
     * @param out
     *            与输出设备关联的流对象，可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
     * @param pattern
     *            如果有时间数据，设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,
            Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern)
    {
        // 声明一个工作薄
        HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        // 生成一个表格
        HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
        // 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
        sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
        // 生成一个样式
        HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        // 设置这些样式
        style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
        style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
        style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        // 生成一个字体
        HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
        font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
        font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
        font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
        // 把字体应用到当前的样式
        style.setFont(font);
        // 生成并设置另一个样式
        HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
        style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
        style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
        style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
        // 生成另一个字体
        HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
        font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
        // 把字体应用到当前的样式
        style2.setFont(font2);
 
        // 声明一个画图的顶级管理器
        HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
        // 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
        HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
                0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
        // 设置注释内容
        comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释！"));
        // 设置注释作者，当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
        comment.setAuthor("leno");
 
        // 产生表格标题行
        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
        for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++)
        {
            HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
            cell.setCellStyle(style);
            HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
            cell.setCellValue(text);
        }
 
        // 遍历集合数据，产生数据行
        Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
        int index = 0;
        while (it.hasNext())
        {
            index++;
            row = sheet.createRow(index);
            T t = (T) it.next();
            // 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
            Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
            for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
            {
                HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
                cell.setCellStyle(style2);
                Field field = fields[i];
                String fieldName = field.getName();
                String getMethodName = "get"
                        + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
                        + fieldName.substring(1);
                try
                {
                    Class tCls = t.getClass();
                    Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
                            new Class[]
                            {});
                    Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]
                    {});
                    // 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
                    String textValue = null;
                    // if (value instanceof Integer) {
                    // int intValue = (Integer) value;
                    // cell.setCellValue(intValue);
                    // } else if (value instanceof Float) {
                    // float fValue = (Float) value;
                    // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
                    // String.valueOf(fValue));
                    // cell.setCellValue(textValue);
                    // } else if (value instanceof Double) {
                    // double dValue = (Double) value;
                    // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
                    // String.valueOf(dValue));
                    // cell.setCellValue(textValue);
                    // } else if (value instanceof Long) {
                    // long longValue = (Long) value;
                    // cell.setCellValue(longValue);
                    // }
                    if (value instanceof Boolean)
                    {
                        boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
                        textValue = "男";
                        if (!bValue)
                        {
                            textValue = "女";
                        }
                    }
                    else if (value instanceof Date)
                    {
                        Date date = (Date) value;
                        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
                        textValue = sdf.format(date);
                    }
                    else if (value instanceof byte[])
                    {
                        // 有图片时，设置行高为60px;
                        row.setHeightInPoints(60);
                        // 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
                        sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
                        // sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
                        byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
                        HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
                                1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
                        anchor.setAnchorType(2);
                        patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
                                bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
                        textValue = value.toString();
                    }
                    // 如果不是图片数据，就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成
                    if (textValue != null)
                    {
                        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
                        Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
                        if (matcher.matches())
                        {
                            // 是数字当作double处理
                            cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
                                    textValue);
                            HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
                            font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
                            richString.applyFont(font3);
                            cell.setCellValue(richString);
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (SecurityException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                catch (IllegalAccessException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                catch (InvocationTargetException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                finally
                {
                    // 清理资源
                }
            }
        }
        try
        {
            workbook.write(out);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // 测试学生
        ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>();
        String[] headers =
        { "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "出生日期" };
        List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>();
        dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, true, new Date()));
        dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date()));
        dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date()));
        // 测试图书
        ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
        String[] headers2 =
        { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社", "封面图片" };
        List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
        try
        {
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream("V://book.bmp"));
            byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
            while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1)
            {
                //
            }
            dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
                    "清华出版社", buf));
            dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
                    "阳光出版社", buf));
            dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
                    "清华出版社", buf));
            dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
                    "清华出版社", buf));
            dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
                    "汤春秀出版社", buf));
 
            OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
            OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
            ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out);
            ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
            out.close();
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!");
            System.out.println("excel导出成功！");
        }
        catch (FileNotFoundException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

写完之后，如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的，拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下。部署好web工程，用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧！是不是下载成功了。呵呵，您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来，这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考：我们发现，我们做的方法，不管是本地调用，还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用；不管是输出学生列表，还是图书列表信息，代码都几乎一样，而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩，类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦，祝您学习愉快！

简单版 无excel格式样式设置  及excel下载

 package com.howbuy.uaa.utils;
 
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
 
 public class ExportExcel<T> {
     public void exportExcel(String title,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) {
         exportExcel(title, null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
     }
 
     public void exportExcel(String title,String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
             OutputStream out) {
         exportExcel(title, headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) {
         // 声明一个工作薄
         HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
         // 生成一个表格
         HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
         // 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
         sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
         // 生成一个样式
         HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
         // 生成一个字体
         HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
         font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
         // 把字体应用到当前的样式
         style.setFont(font);
         // 产生表格标题行
         HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
         for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
             HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
             cell.setCellStyle(style);
             HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
             cell.setCellValue(text);
         }
         // 遍历集合数据，产生数据行
         Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
         int index = 0;
         while (it.hasNext()) {
             index++;
             row = sheet.createRow(index);
             T t = (T) it.next();
             // 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
             Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
             for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
                 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
                 cell.setCellStyle(style);
                 Field field = fields[i];
                 String fieldName = field.getName();
                 String getMethodName = "get"
                         + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
                         + fieldName.substring(1);
                 try {
                     Class tCls = t.getClass();
                     Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
                             new Class[] {});
                     Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {});
                     // 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
                     String textValue = null;
                      if (value instanceof Integer) {
                          int intValue = (Integer) value;
                          cell.setCellValue(intValue);
                      }
                      else if (value instanceof Long) {
                          long longValue = (Long) value;
                          cell.setCellValue(longValue);
                      }
                      else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
                         boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
                         textValue = "1";
                         if (!bValue) {
                             textValue = "0";
                         }
                     } else if (value instanceof Date) {
                         Date date = (Date) value;
                         SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
                         textValue = sdf.format(date);
                     } else {
                         // 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
                         if(value == null)
                         {
                             textValue = "";
                         }
                         else {
                             textValue = value.toString();
                         }
 
                     }
 
                     if (textValue != null) {
                         Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
                         Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
                         if (matcher.matches()) {
                             // 是数字当作double处理
                             cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
                         } else {
                             HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
                                     textValue);
                             richString.applyFont(font);
                             cell.setCellValue(richString);
                         }
                     }
                 } catch (SecurityException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 } finally {
                     // 清理资源
                 }
             }
 
         }
         try {
             workbook.write(out);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
 
     public void downloadExcel(String path, HttpServletResponse response) {
         try {
             // path是指欲下载的文件的路径。
             File file = new File(path);
             String name = file.getName();
             // 取得文件名。
             String filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(name,"utf-8");
             // 清空response
             response.reset();
             // 设置response的Header
             response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="
                     + new String(filename.getBytes()));
             response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());
             OutputStream toClient = new BufferedOutputStream(
                     response.getOutputStream());
             response.setContentType("application/ms-excel;charset=gb2312");
             // 以流的形式下载文件。
             InputStream fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
             byte[] buffer = new byte[fis.available()];
             fis.read(buffer);
             fis.close();
             toClient.write(buffer);
             toClient.flush();
             toClient.close();
         } catch (IOException ex) {
             ex.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
 }