Redis+Keepalived高可用方案详细分析
背景
目前，Redis集群的官方方案还处在开发测试中，未集成到稳定版中。且目前官方开发中的Redis Cluster提供的功能尚不完善（可参考官方网站或http://www.redisdoc.com/en/latest/topic/cluster-spec.html），在生产环境中不推荐使用。通过调研发现市面上要实现采用单一的IP来访问，大多采用keepalived实现redis的双机热备作为过渡方案。
环境部署
环境介绍：
Master: 192.168.1.218 redis，keepalived
Slave: 192.168.1.219 redis，keepalived
Virtural IP Address (VIP): 192.168.1.220
设计思路：
两个redis server主从备份。提供redis 服务高可用；两个keepalived 服务主从备份，提供VIP 服务的高可用。
1)每台redis server分别有主，从两个配置文件(redis_master.conf, redis_slave.conf)，通过启动脚本启动服务，启动脚本会检测这个redis集群中的其他服务器的角色，如果有master 服务存在，则以slave角色启动，否则将自己以master服务器启动；
2) keepalived 监控脚本，定时（频率：每秒一次）检测当前服务器是否获取集群VIP，如果获取集群VIP，则将本服务器上的redis服务器设置为master。同时将远端的其他redis服务器设置为slave；保证获取集群VIP的redis 服务器角色为master，其他的设置为slave。
3) keepalived 监控脚本，还会自动检测当前redis服务器是否正常，如果连续两次检测异常，则停掉本本机的keepalived服务，释放集群VIP，让去漂移到其他可以提供redis 服务的服务器上；
4)当 Master 与 Slave 均运作正常时, Master负责服务，Slave负责同步数据；当 Master 挂掉，Slave 正常时, Slave接管服务，同时关闭主从复制功能；当 Master 恢复正常，则从Slave同步数据，同步数据之后关闭主从复制功能，恢复Master身份，于此同时Slave等待Master同步数据完成之后，恢复Slave身份。然后依次循环。
实施步骤：
----创建专用用户
useradd -g develop redisadmin
echo Hisun@1125|passwd --stdin redisadmin
说明：以下部署过程都是在root(或具备sudo权限的账号)账户下进行。
----安装配置redis
1.下载redis源码
cd
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.3.tar.gz
2.安装redis
tar -zxvf redis-2.8.3.tar.gz
cd redis-2.8.3
#reds的安装可以不用执行configure
make
#测试
make test
####在速度较慢的机器上执行make test可能出现下列错误，无影响
#*** [err]: Test replication partial resync: no backlog in tests/integration/replication-psync.tcl
3.配置redis
#创建redis主目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/{bin,conf,logs}
cp -a -R -p src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/bin/
cp -a -R -p src/redis-cli /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/bin/
cp -a -R -p src/redis-benchmark /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/bin/
cp -a -R -p src/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/bin/
cp -a -R -p src/redis-check-dump /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/bin/
cp -a -R -p src/redis-check-aof /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/bin/
#创建redis启动脚本
vi /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/redis-start.sh
####以下为master上的配置，slave上的配置只需要修改对应的LOCALIP和REMOTEIP即可。
#!/bin/bash
REDISPATH=/usr/local/redis-2.8.3
REDISCLI=$REDISPATH/bin/redis-cli
LOGFILE=$REDISPATH/logs/redis-state.log
LOCALIP=192.168.1.218
REMOTEIP=192.168.1.219 REMOTEREDISROLE=`$REDISCLI -h $REMOTEIP info | grep "role"`
if grep "role:master" <<< $REMOTEREDISROLE ; then
#start as slave
$REDISPATH/bin/redis-server $REDISPATH/conf/redis_slave.confif [ "$?" == "0" ];then
echo "[INFO]`date +%F/%H:%M:%S` :$LOCALIP start as slave successful." >> $LOGFILEelseecho "[ERROR]`date +%F/%H:%M:%S` :$LOCALIP start as slave error." >> $LOGFILE
fi
else#start as master
$REDISPATH/bin/redis-server $REDISPATH/conf/redis_master.confif [ "$?" == "0" ];then
echo "[INFO]`date +%F/%H:%M:%S` :$LOCALIP start as master successful." >> $LOGFILEelseecho "[ERROR]`date +%F/%H:%M:%S` :$LOCALIP start as master error." >> $LOGFILE
fi
fi
#!/bin/bash
REDISPATH=/usr/local/redis-2.8.3
LOGFILE=$REDISPATH/logs/redis-state.log
kill -9 `ps -ef|grep '/bin/redis-server'|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'`
if [ "$?" == "0" ];then
echo "[INFO]`date +%F/%H:%M:%S` :redis shutdown completed!" >> $LOGFILE
elseecho "[ERROR]`date +%F/%H:%M:%S` :redis is not started." >> $LOGFILE
fi
#创建redis配置文件
####192.168.1.218主服务器redis_master.conf对应配置项######
#daemonize no
daemonize yes
#bind 127.0.0.1
bind 192.168.1.218
logfile "/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/logs/redis.log"
#其他配置依据实际生产环境修改
########################################################
####192.168.1.219从服务器redis_master.conf对应配置项######
#daemonize no
daemonize yes
#bind 127.0.0.1
bind 192.168.1.219
logfile "/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/logs/redis.log"
#其他配置依据实际生产环境修改
########################################################
#修改redis_slave.conf对应配置项：
####192.168.1.218主服务器redis_slave.conf对应配置项#######
#daemonize no
daemonize yes
#bind 127.0.0.1
bind 192.168.1.218
logfile "/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/logs/redis.log"
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
slaveof 192.168.1.219 6379
#其他配置依据实际生产环境修改
########################################################
####192.168.1.219从服务器redis_slave.conf对应配置项#######
#daemonize no
daemonize yes
#bind 127.0.0.1
bind 192.168.1.219
logfile "/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/logs/redis.log"
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
slaveof 192.168.1.218 6379
#其他配置依据实际生产环境修改
########################################################
#修改redis的属主和权限
chown –R redisadmin:develop /usr/local/redis-2.8.3/
----安装配置keepalived
1.下载keepalived源码Release 1.2.9
注意：最新版为1.2.10测试过程中出错.
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.9.tar.gz
2.安装keepalived
需要安装以下依赖包： make gcc libpopt-dev libnl-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev popt openssl
cd
tar –zxvf keepalived-1.2.9.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.9
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make && make install
3.配置keepalived
#在Master和Slave上创建如下配置文件（可根据实际情况调整）：
mv /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf-bak
vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_script chk_redis {
script "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/scripts/chk_redis.sh" ###监控脚本
interval 2 ###监控时间
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER ###设置为MASTER
interface eth3 ###监控网卡,依据实际情况来定
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101 ###权重值
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS ###加密
auth_pass redis ###密码
}
track_script {
chk_redis ###执行上面定义的chk_redis
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.220 ###VIP
}
}
在Master和Slave上创建监控Redis的脚本
mkdir /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/scripts
vi /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/scripts/chk_redis.sh
####以下为master上的配置，slave上的配置只需要修改对应的LOCALIP和REMOTEIP即可。
#!/bin/bash
REDISPATH=/usr/local/redis-2.8.3
REDISCLI=$REDISPATH/bin/redis-cli
LOGFILE=$REDISPATH/logs/redis-state.log
LOCALIP=192.168.1.218
REMOTEIP=192.168.1.219
VIP=192.168.1.220 VIPALIVE=`ip a | grep "$VIP"`
if [ "$VIPALIVE" == "" ]; then
echo "[info]:"`date`" keepalived server is pengding or stop" >> $LOGFILE
else
echo "bbb" >> $LOGFILE
#check local service is running
if [ "`$REDISCLI –h $LOCALIP –p 6379 PING`" == "PONG" ]; then
# check local redis server role.
REDISROLE=`$REDISCLI info | grep "role"`
if grep "role:slave" <<< $REDISROLE ; then
#change local redis server as master
echo "[info1]:"`date`" Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1 #change remoting redis server as slave
REMOTEREDISROLE=`$REDISCLI -h $REMOTEIP info | grep "role"`
if grep "role:master" <<< $REMOTEREDISROLE ; then
echo "[info2]:"`date`" Run remote server SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI -h $REMOTEIP SLAVEOF $LOCALIP 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
fi
else
REMOTEREDISROLE=`$REDISCLI -h $REMOTEIP info | grep "role"`
if grep "role:master" <<< $REMOTEREDISROLE ; then
echo "[info3]:"`date`" Run remote server SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
$REDISCLI -h $REMOTEIP SLAVEOF $LOCALIP 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
fi
fi
else
echo "[warn]:"`date`" redis server($LOCALIP) is not health..." >> $LOGFILE
sleep 1
if [ "`$REDISCLI –h $LOCALIP –p 6379 PING`" != "PONG" ]; then
echo "[error]:"`date`" redis server($LOCALIP) will be stop..." >> $LOGFILE
service keepalived stop
fi
fi
fi
#首先在2台服务器上设置keepalived的启动文件：
cp -a -R -p /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
chmod 750 /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
chown root /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
#然后在2台服务器上创建配置文件的链接：
mkdir /etc/keepalived/
ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
系统测试
注意:一定要先启动redis，再启动keealived，否则redis_check.sh会将keepalived自动关闭。
脚本创建完成以后，我们开始按照如下流程进行测试：
1.启动Master上的Redis
/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/redis-start.sh
#关闭时，直接杀死进程或执行以下脚本
/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/redis-stop.sh
2.启动Slave上的Redis
/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/redis-start.sh
#关闭时，直接杀死进程或执行以下脚本
#/usr/local/redis-2.8.3/redis-stop.sh
3.启动Master上的Keepalived
/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived start
#关闭方法
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived stop
4.启动Slave上的Keepalived
/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived start
#关闭方法
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived stop
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Centos开机自启动redis
- 修改redis.conf，打开后台运行选项：
# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
daemonize yes- 编写脚本，vim /etc/init.d/redis:
# chkconfig: 2345 10 90
# description: Start and Stop redis
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin
REDISPORT=6379 #实际环境而定
EXEC=/usr/local/redis/src/redis-server #实际环境而定
REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/redis/src/redis-cli #实际环境而定
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis.pid
CONF="/usr/local/redis/redis.conf" #实际环境而定
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed."
else
echo "Starting Redis server..."
$EXEC $CONF
fi
if [ "$?"="0" ]
then
echo "Redis is running..."
fi
;;
stop)
if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
then
echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is not running."
else
PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
echo "Stopping..."
$REDIS_CLI -p $REDISPORT SHUTDOWN
while [ -x $PIDFILE ]
do
echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown..."
sleep 1
done
echo "Redis stopped"
fi
;;
restart|force-reload)
${0} stop
${0} start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 1
esac- 执行权限：
chmod +x /etc/init.d/redis- 开机自启动：
# 尝试启动或停止redis
service redis start
service redis stop
# 开启服务自启动
chkconfig redis on
参考资料：
http://luyx30.blog.51cto.com/1029851/1350832
http://www.cnblogs.com/davidwang456/p/3525090.html
http://patrick-tang.blogspot.com/2012/06/redis-keepalived-failover-system.html
http://deidara.blog.51cto.com/400447/302402
http://my.oschina.net/guol/blog/182491
http://shiguanghui.iteye.com/blog/2001499
http://my.oschina.net/indestiny/blog/197272
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