jenkins持续集成(一): 在Linux下的安装与配置
前提:
- 安装了JDK,并配置好环境变量:JAVA_HOME
- 安装了Maven,并配置好环境变量:MAVEN_HOME
- 如果JDK、Maven的安装有疑问,可以参考我之前的博客!
环境:
- 操作系统:CentOS 7.4 64位
- JDK:jdk-8u152-linux-x64.tar.gz
- Maven:apache-maven-3.5.2-bin.tar.gz
具体安装目录如下,大家可以根据需要进行安装,因为后面配置Jenkins需要这些路径,所以展示下,省的有其他路径的疑问!
[root@aliyun-abxiao software]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_152"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_152-b16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.152-b16, mixed mode)
[root@aliyun-abxiao software]# mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.5.2 (138edd61fd100ec658bfa2d307c43b76940a5d7d; 2017-10-18T15:58:13+08:00)
Maven home: /kevin/software/apache-maven-3.5.2
Java version: 1.8.0_152, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_152/jre
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
Jenkins的安装与配置步骤:
1.添加Jenkins的源(repository)
[root@centos7.4 software]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins.repo
--2017-11-21 11:08:41-- http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins.repo
Resolving pkg.jenkins-ci.org (pkg.jenkins-ci.org)... 52.202.51.185
Connecting to pkg.jenkins-ci.org (pkg.jenkins-ci.org)|52.202.51.185|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 71
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’
100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================================>] 71 --.-K/s in 0s
2017-11-21 11:08:42 (12.5 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ saved [71/71]
[root@centos7.4 software]# rpm --import http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins-ci.org.key
2.如果你没有安装JDK,则需要先安装JDK,如果已经安装了,请忽略这一步!
[root@centos7.4 software]# sudo yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk
3.安装Jenkins
[root@centos7.4 software]# sudo yum install jenkins
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
jenkins | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
jenkins/primary_db | 104 kB 00:00:13
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jenkins.noarch 0:2.91-1.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
jenkins noarch 2.91-1.1 jenkins 71 M
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 71 M
Installed size: 71 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
jenkins-2.91-1.1.noarch.rpm | 71 MB 00:00:08
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : jenkins-2.91-1.1.noarch 1/1
Verifying : jenkins-2.91-1.1.noarch 1/1
Installed:
jenkins.noarch 0:2.91-1.1
Complete!
Jenkins安装完成之后,有如下目录:
3.1./usr/lib/jenkins/:jenkins安装目录,WAR包会放在这里。
[root@aliyun-abxiao software]# cd /usr/lib/jenkins/
[root@aliyun-abxiao jenkins]# ll
total 72556
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74296449 Nov 21 00:50 jenkins.war
3.1./etc/sysconfig/jenkins:jenkins配置文件,“端口”,“JENKINS_HOME”等都可以在这里配置。内容如下:
[root@centos7.4 software]# vi /etc/sysconfig/jenkins
## Path: Development/Jenkins
## Description: Jenkins Automation Server
## Type: string
## Default: "/var/lib/jenkins"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Directory where Jenkins store its configuration and working
# files (checkouts, build reports, artifacts, ...).
#
JENKINS_HOME="/var/lib/jenkins"
## Type: string
## Default: ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Java executable to run Jenkins
# When left empty, we'll try to find the suitable Java.
#
JENKINS_JAVA_CMD=""
## Type: string
## Default: "jenkins"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Unix user account that runs the Jenkins daemon
#
JENKINS_USER="jenkins"
## Type: string
## Default: "false"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Whether to skip potentially long-running chown at the
# $JENKINS_HOME location. Do not enable this, "true", unless
# you know what you're doing. See JENKINS-23273.
#
#JENKINS_INSTALL_SKIP_CHOWN="false"
## Type: string
## Default: "-Djava.awt.headless=true"
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Options to pass to java when running Jenkins.
#
JENKINS_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Djava.awt.headless=true"
## Type: integer(0:65535)
## Default: 8080
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Port Jenkins is listening on.
# Set to -1 to disable
#
JENKINS_PORT="8080"
## Type: string
## Default: ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# IP address Jenkins listens on for HTTP requests.
# Default is all interfaces (0.0.0.0).
#
JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS=""
## Type: integer(0:65535)
## Default: ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# HTTPS port Jenkins is listening on.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT=""
## Type: string
## Default: ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Path to the keystore in JKS format (as created by the JDK 'keytool').
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE=""
## Type: string
## Default: ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Password to access the keystore defined in JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=""
## Type: string
## Default: ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# IP address Jenkins listens on for HTTPS requests.
# Default is disabled.
#
JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS=""
## Type: integer(1:9)
## Default: 5
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Debug level for logs -- the higher the value, the more verbose.
# 5 is INFO.
#
JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL="5"
## Type: yesno
## Default: no
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Whether to enable access logging or not.
#
JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG="no"
## Type: integer
## Default: 100
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Maximum number of HTTP worker threads.
#
JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX="100"
## Type: integer
## Default: 20
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Maximum number of idle HTTP worker threads.
#
JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE="20"
## Type: string
## Default: ""
## ServiceRestart: jenkins
#
# Pass arbitrary arguments to Jenkins.
# Full option list: java -jar jenkins.war --help
#
JENKINS_ARGS=""
3.3./var/lib/jenkins/:默认的JENKINS_HOME。
3.4./var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log:Jenkins日志文件。
4.启动Jenkins
[root@centos7.4 software]# sudo service jenkins start 或者# systemctl start jenkins.service
5.启动Jenkins时,可能是会出现错误的,因为java的安装路径和Jenkins服务启动默认的java路径可能是不一样的,所以,会出现错误!比如:
[root@aliyun-abxiao jenkins]# sudo service jenkins start
Starting jenkins (via systemctl): Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[FAILED]
[root@aliyun-abxiao jenkins]# systemctl status jenkins.service
● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2017-11-21 11:42:30 CST; 1min 39s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 14949 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao runuser[14954]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao jenkins[14949]: Starting Jenkins bash: /usr/bin/java: No such file or directory
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: jenkins.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao jenkins[14949]: [FAILED]
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: Unit jenkins.service entered failed state.
Nov 21 11:42:30 aliyun-abxiao systemd[1]: jenkins.service failed.
可以看到上面的错误提示,找不到或者没有/usr/bin/java这个目录,就可以确定是Jenkins启动服务的java路径还是默认的,并不是我们自己安装jdk是的路径,所以,我们需要把文件/etc/init.d/jenkins中的路径修改过来:我们只需要将
candidates="
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java 这个是修改后的(修改前是/usr/bin/java)
"
的最后一行中的路径修改成你jdk的安装路径即可
[root@centos7.4 lib]# vi /etc/init.d/jenkins
#!/bin/sh
#
# SUSE system statup script for Jenkins
# Copyright (C) 2007 Pascal Bleser
#
# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
# your option) any later version.
#
# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
# USA.
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: jenkins
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $time $named
# Should-Start: $time sendmail
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $time $named
# Should-Stop: $time sendmail
# Default-Start: 3 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6
# Short-Description: Jenkins Automation Server
# Description: Jenkins Automation Server
### END INIT INFO
# Check for missing binaries (stale symlinks should not happen)
JENKINS_WAR="/usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war"
test -r "$JENKINS_WAR" || { echo "$JENKINS_WAR not installed";
if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
else exit 5; fi; }
# Check for existence of needed config file and read it
JENKINS_CONFIG=/etc/sysconfig/jenkins
test -e "$JENKINS_CONFIG" || { echo "$JENKINS_CONFIG not existing";
if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
else exit 6; fi; }
test -r "$JENKINS_CONFIG" || { echo "$JENKINS_CONFIG not readable. Perhaps you forgot 'sudo'?";
if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
else exit 6; fi; }
JENKINS_PID_FILE="/var/run/jenkins.pid"
# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Read config
[ -f "$JENKINS_CONFIG" ] && . "$JENKINS_CONFIG"
# Set up environment accordingly to the configuration settings
[ -n "$JENKINS_HOME" ] || { echo "JENKINS_HOME not configured in $JENKINS_CONFIG";
if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
else exit 6; fi; }
[ -d "$JENKINS_HOME" ] || { echo "JENKINS_HOME directory does not exist: $JENKINS_HOME";
if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then exit 0;
else exit 1; fi; }
# Search usable Java as /usr/bin/java might not point to minimal version required by Jenkins.
# see http://www.nabble.com/guinea-pigs-wanted-----Hudson-RPM-for-RedHat-Linux-td25673707.html
candidates="
/etc/alternatives/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0/bin/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_152/bin/java
"
for candidate in $candidates
do
[ -x "$JENKINS_JAVA_CMD" ] && break
JENKINS_JAVA_CMD="$candidate"
done
JAVA_CMD="$JENKINS_JAVA_CMD $JENKINS_JAVA_OPTIONS -DJENKINS_HOME=$JENKINS_HOME -jar $JENKINS_WAR"
PARAMS="--logfile=/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log --webroot=/var/cache/jenkins/war --daemon"
[ -n "$JENKINS_PORT" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpPort=$JENKINS_PORT"
[ -n "$JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpListenAddress=$JENKINS_LISTEN_ADDRESS"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsPort=$JENKINS_HTTPS_PORT"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsKeyStore=$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsKeyStorePassword='$JENKINS_HTTPS_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD'"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --httpsListenAddress=$JENKINS_HTTPS_LISTEN_ADDRESS"
[ -n "$JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --debug=$JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HANDLER_STARTUP" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --handlerCountStartup=$JENKINS_HANDLER_STARTUP"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --handlerCountMax=$JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX"
[ -n "$JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS --handlerCountMaxIdle=$JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE"
[ -n "$JENKINS_ARGS" ] && PARAMS="$PARAMS $JENKINS_ARGS"
if [ "$JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG" = "yes" ]; then
PARAMS="$PARAMS --accessLoggerClassName=winstone.accesslog.SimpleAccessLogger --simpleAccessLogger.format=combined --simpleAccessLogger.file=/var/log/jenkins/access_log"
fi
RETVAL=0
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting Jenkins "
daemon --user "$JENKINS_USER" --pidfile "$JENKINS_PID_FILE" $JAVA_CMD $PARAMS > /dev/null
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL = 0 ]; then
success
echo > "$JENKINS_PID_FILE" # just in case we fail to find it
MY_SESSION_ID=`/bin/ps h -o sess -p $$`
# get PID
/bin/ps hww -u "$JENKINS_USER" -o sess,ppid,pid,cmd | \
while read sess ppid pid cmd; do
[ "$ppid" = 1 ] || continue
# this test doesn't work because Jenkins sets a new Session ID
# [ "$sess" = "$MY_SESSION_ID" ] || continue
echo "$cmd" | grep $JENKINS_WAR > /dev/null
[ $? = 0 ] || continue
# found a PID
echo $pid > "$JENKINS_PID_FILE"
done
else
failure
fi
echo
;;
stop)
echo -n "Shutting down Jenkins "
killproc jenkins
RETVAL=$?
echo
;;
try-restart|condrestart)
if test "$1" = "condrestart"; then
echo "${attn} Use try-restart ${done}(LSB)${attn} rather than condrestart ${warn}(RH)${norm}"
fi
$0 status
if test $? = 0; then
$0 restart
else
: # Not running is not a failure.
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
force-reload)
echo -n "Reload service Jenkins "
$0 try-restart
;;
reload)
$0 restart
;;
status)
status jenkins
RETVAL=$?
;;
probe)
## Optional: Probe for the necessity of a reload, print out the
## argument to this init script which is required for a reload.
## Note: probe is not (yet) part of LSB (as of 1.9)
test "$JENKINS_CONFIG" -nt "$JENKINS_PID_FILE" && echo reload
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|try-restart|restart|force-reload|reload|probe}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit $RETVAL
注意:出现错误可能是端口占用,我们可以先检查Jenkins的默认8080启动端口是否被占用,然后再杀死这个进程(不推荐),或者选择将/etc/sysconfig/jenkins配置文件中的启动端口8080改成其他的端口号!
[root@centos7.4 software]# netstat -apn 查看当前运行的所有进程的端口使用情况
[root@centos7.4 software]# netstat -apn | grep 端口号 查看指定端口使用情况
[root@centos7.4 software]# kill 指定端口的pid号 杀死指定进程(端口号对应的pid)
6.再次运行Jenkins就可以成功运行了!
[root@centos7.4 software]# systemctl start jenkins.service
Warning: jenkins.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.
[root@centos7.4 software]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@centos7.4 software]# systemctl start jenkins.service
7.这时就可以访问IP:8080,就可以访问Jenkins的主页了!这个时候我们去查这个目录下查看管理员密码/var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword,并输入到输入框中!
[root@centos7.4 software]# vi /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
8.输入管理员密码,点击Continute进入下一步,需要选择是安装推荐的插件还是自定义选择安装的插件,我这里选择默认推荐的,然后继续下一步:
9.然后就开始下载插件了,如图:
10.等上图中所有的插件下载并安装完成,进入下一步,创建第一个管理员用户(根据自己喜欢创建即可),保存完成:
11.点击保存完成后,可以看到Jenkins安装已经完成,可以开始使用Jenkins:
12.点击开始使用就可以进入Jenkin的管理页面了,并且默认使用刚刚创建的第一个管理员用户登录的:
到此,Jenkins的安装和基本的设置就完成了!其他设置可查看本人其他相关博文!
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