进程管理工具uptime,top,htop
进程管理工具uptime,top,htop
一uptime
显示当前时间，系统已启动的时间、当前上线人数，系统平均负载（1、5、10分钟的平均负载，一般不会超过1）
系统平均负载:指在特定时间间隔内运行队列中的平均进程数
通常每个CPU内核的当前活动进程数不大于3，那么系统的性能良好。
如果每个CPU内核的任务数大于5，那么此主机的性能有严重问题
如果linux主机是1个双核CPU，当Load Average 为6的时候说明机器已经被充分使用
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
21:58:57 up 21:30, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
因为开启了两个终端也就显示了两个用户
[root@centos72 ~]# who
root pts/2 2019-05-18 00:39 (192.168.137.1)
root pts/3 2019-05-18 00:49 (192.168.137.1)
[root@centos72 ~]# whoami
root
[root@centos72 ~]# !dd
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1G
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
22:01:31 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.07, 0.26, 0.12
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
22:01:42 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.22, 0.31, 0.14
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
22:01:51 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.26, 0.35, 0.16
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
22:02:05 up 21:33, 2 users, load average: 1.42, 0.43, 0.19
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime
查看CPU内核数量
如果负载高于CPU内核数压力就很大了
使用云可以解决 CPU负载不同问题，因为有的CPU很忙，有的CPU没事干
[root@centos72 ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 142
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz
Stepping: 9
CPU MHz: 2904.004
BogoMIPS: 5808.00
Hypervisor vendor: VMware
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat
二进程管理工具 top
排序：
P：以占据的CPU百分比,%CPU
M：占据内存百分比,%MEM
T：累积占据CPU时长,TIME+
首部信息显示：
uptime信息：l命令
tasks及cpu信息：t命令
cpu分别显示：1 (数字)
memory信息：m命令
退出命令：q
修改刷新时间间隔：s
终止指定进程：k
保存文件：W
ps显示的是当前进程的快照，也就是看到瞬间的状态
top比ps显示的信息更加详细
（一）top显示结果说明
第一行，任务队列信息，同uptime命令的执行结果。
当前系统时间。
up xxx表示系统已经运行了多长时间
2users当前有2个用户登录系统。
load average：load average后面的三个数分别是1分钟、5分钟、15分钟的平均负载情况。
第二行，Tasks为任务（进程）
分别表示系统进程总数，处于运行状态，休眠（sleep）状态，stoped状态，zombie僵死状态
第三行，CPU状态的相关信息
0.0%us用户空间占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%sy内核空间占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%ni改变过优先级的进程占用CPU的百分比。
100.0%id空闲CPU百分比。
0.0%waI/o等待占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%hi硬中断（HardwareIRQ）占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%si软中断（Software Interrupts）占用CPU的百分比。
0.0%st虚拟机占用CPU的百分比。
第四行，内存状态
从左到右分别是total物理内存总量，free空闲内存总量，used使用中的内存总量，buffers 缓冲的内存量。
第五行，swap交换分区信息
从左到右分别是total交换区总量，free空闲交换区总量，used使用的交换区总量， avail Mem 可用的内存量。
目前是系统资源占用的多，因为I/O和内核级有关，用户空间占用的资源更少
栏位信息简介
us：用户空间
sy：内核空间
ni：调整nice时间
id：空闲
wa：等待IO时间
hi：硬中断
si：软中断（模式切换）
st：虚拟机偷走的时间，比如windows上面运行了linux虚拟机，占用了CPU
因为Linux里面没有虚拟机就显示为0
[root@centos72 ~]# top
top - 22:13:23 up 21:45, 2 users, load average: 0.09, 0.72, 0.61
Tasks: 111 total, 2 running, 109 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 868364 free, 53480 used, 76136 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2032352 free, 64796 used. 816496 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4107 root 20 0 161840 2184 1540 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.17 top
1 root 20 0 127944 1000 632 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.86 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.74 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.88 rcu_sched
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.96 watchdog/0
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 watchdog/1
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/1
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
CPU马上就达到了100%了，因为有两颗CPU，所以可以允许两个进程CPU利用率达到100%
[root@centos72 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
[root@centos72 ~]# top
top - 22:34:21 up 22:06, 2 users, load average: 1.19, 0.39, 0.29
Tasks: 111 total, 2 running, 109 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.0 us, 35.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 871880 free, 53112 used, 72988 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2032988 free, 64160 used. 818420 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4114 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 0:12.55 dd
1 root 20 0 127944 992 624 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.91 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.92 rcu_sched
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.96 watchdog/0
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 watchdog/1
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/1
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
再开启一个终端，两个进程的CPU利用率马上就达到了100%
[root@centos72 ~]# top
top - 22:36:19 up 22:08, 3 users, load average: 1.51, 0.68, 0.40
Tasks: 115 total, 3 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 28.0 us, 72.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 0.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 846020 free, 61636 used, 90324 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800860 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4114 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.7 0.1 2:09.75 dd
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.3 0.1 0:15.79 dd
287 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.53 xfsaild/sda2
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.3 0.1 0:56.53 vmtoolsd
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.93 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.95 rcu_sched
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.96 watchdog/0
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.31 watchdog/1
因为有两颗内核
[root@centos72 ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 142
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz
Stepping: 9
CPU MHz: 2904.004
BogoMIPS: 5808.00
Hypervisor vendor: VMware
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat
默认是按照CPU排序的，如果是按照内存排序，那么在执行了命令top之后就按M即可
top - 22:41:24 up 22:13, 3 users, load average: 0.92, 0.97, 0.63
Tasks: 114 total, 2 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.5 us, 35.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845064 free, 62044 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800188 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4115 root 20 0 154588 5392 4068 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.30 sshd
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.94 systemd
4120 root 20 0 115932 2508 1656 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.03 bash
4143 root 20 0 161940 2188 1540 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.10 top
2114 root 20 0 116032 1524 828 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.10 bash
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.3 0.1 0:57.42 vmtoolsd
357 root 20 0 37124 1288 1160 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.79 systemd-journal
2057 root 20 0 116036 1272 732 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.55 bash
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.47 NetworkManager
548 root 20 0 26376 940 780 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.69 systemd-logind
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.73 dbus-daemon
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.11 rsyslogd
539 polkitd 20 0 538536 800 552 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.12 polkitd
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 5:20.34 dd
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:07.99 tuned
（二）top排序
T：累积占据CPU时长,TIME+
如果是按照总的占据CPU时间排序，那么在执行了命令top之后就按T即可
top - 22:43:41 up 22:15, 3 users, load average: 0.92, 0.93, 0.66
Tasks: 114 total, 2 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 15.1 us, 34.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 49.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845064 free, 62044 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800188 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 7:37.19 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.57 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.00 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.11 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.94 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.83 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.12 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.01 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/u256:2
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.62 kworker/1:0
（三）首部信息显示与否
（1）uptime信息不显示在执行了top命令之后按l即可
Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.7 us, 34.8 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.5 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.7 0.1 10:08.53 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.7 0.1 0:57.74 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.02 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.12 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.84 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.12 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.03 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/u256:2
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/1:0
388 root 20 0 48756 8 8 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 systemd-udevd
（2）tasks及cpu信息：t命令
可以以进度条或者栅栏的方式显示，也可以隐藏起来
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 99.7 0.1 11:56.60 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.3 0.1 0:57.82 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.03 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.84 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:02.05 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.64 kworker/1:0
388 root 20 0 48756 8 8 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 systemd-udevd
2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.14 sshd
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0
以栅栏的方式显示
Tasks: 113 total, 3 running, 110 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 15.1/34.9 50[||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ]
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 95.5 0.1 13:15.68 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.90 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.04 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.84 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.06 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/1:0
2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 2.3 0.0 0:01.16 sshd
以进度条的方式显示
Tasks: 113 total, 3 running, 110 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 13.4/36.5 50[ ]
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 13:35.96 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.92 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.04 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.4 0.0 0:03.85 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.4 0.0 0:02.07 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/1:0
2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.16 sshd
（3）cpu分别显示：1 (数字)
Tasks: 113 total, 3 running, 110 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 13.4/36.5 50[ ]
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845080 free, 62028 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800204 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 13:35.96 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:57.92 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.04 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.13 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.4 0.0 0:03.85 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.13 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.4 0.0 0:02.07 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/1:0
2053 root 20 0 154588 320 140 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.16 sshd
（4）memory信息：m命令
Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu0 : 0.0/0.3 0[ ]
%Cpu1 : 30.0/70.0 100[ ]
KiB Mem : 19.8/997980 [||||||||||||||| ]
KiB Swap: 3.0/2097148 [|| ] PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 15:10.42 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.7 0.1 0:57.99 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.05 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.14 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.86 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.14 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.08 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.66 kworker/1:0
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
以进度条的方式显示
Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu0 : 28.1/71.9 100[ ]
%Cpu1 : 0.0/0.0 0[ ]
KiB Mem : 19.8/997980 [ ]
KiB Swap: 3.0/2097148 [ ] PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 15:54.68 dd
546 root 20 0 298712 1492 1156 S 0.0 0.1 0:58.01 vmtoolsd
32 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.70 kswapd0
784 root 20 0 573856 528 224 S 0.0 0.1 0:08.05 tuned
544 root 20 0 476268 1212 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:06.48 NetworkManager
538 root 20 0 21668 360 240 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.14 irqbalance
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.95 systemd
2295 root 20 0 230376 200 132 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.86 httpd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
787 root 20 0 214424 912 536 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.14 rsyslogd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.08 rcu_sched
540 dbus 20 0 66428 920 600 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.74 dbus-daemon
3967 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.66 kworker/1:0
247 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.65 kworker/u256:2
按z会显示颜色
在6上显示的
在7上可以往下翻，在6上不行
（四）修改刷新时间间隔：s
可以设置为1秒，回车即可
刷新间隔过于频繁不好的，增加了系统负担
top - 23:01:01 up 22:32, 3 users, load average: 0.67, 0.77, 0.75
Tasks: 113 total, 2 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 12.9 us, 38.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 48.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 845088 free, 62020 used, 90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2034780 free, 62368 used. 800212 avail Mem
Change delay from 3.0 to 1
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4139 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 24:56.46 dd
1 root 20 0 127944 3148 2068 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.98 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.24 rcu_sched
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 watchdog/1
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
（五）终止指定进程：k
top - 23:04:59 up 22:36, 3 users, load average: 0.40, 0.68, 0.73
Tasks: 114 total, 3 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 13.3 us, 36.7 sy, 0.0 ni, 49.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.2 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 843416 free, 62840 used, 91724 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2035292 free, 61856 used. 798888 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4166 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 0:20.70 dd
4167 root 20 0 161940 2188 1540 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.01 top
1 root 20 0 127944 3256 2092 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.99 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.26 rcu_sched
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.33 watchdog/1
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
top - 23:05:08 up 22:36, 3 users, load average: 0.34, 0.66, 0.72
Tasks: 114 total, 2 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.0 us, 35.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 50.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 843416 free, 62840 used, 91724 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2035292 free, 61856 used. 798888 avail Mem
Send pid 4166 signal [15/sigterm]
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
4166 root 20 0 107992 612 512 R 100.0 0.1 0:29.70 dd
1 root 20 0 127944 3256 2092 S 0.0 0.3 0:03.99 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.26 rcu_sched
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.97 watchdog/0
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.33 watchdog/1
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
（六）保存文件：W
[root@centos72 ~]# cat /root/.toprc
top's Config File (Linux processes with windows)
Id:i, Mode_altscr=0, Mode_irixps=1, Delay_time=3.0, Curwin=0
Def fieldscur=¥¨³´»½D·º¹æ')*+,-./012568<>?ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij
winflags=193844, sortindx=18, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
summclr=1, msgsclr=1, headclr=3, taskclr=1
Job fieldscur=¥¦¹·º(³´Ļ½@<§é*+,-./012568>?ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij
winflags=193844, sortindx=0, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
summclr=6, msgsclr=6, headclr=7, taskclr=6
Mem fieldscur=¥º»<½¾¿AMBN34·æ'()*+,-./0125689FGHIJKLOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij
winflags=193844, sortindx=21, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
summclr=5, msgsclr=5, headclr=4, taskclr=5
Usr fieldscur=¥¦§¨ª°¹·ºŅ)+,-./1234568;<=>?@ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghij
winflags=193844, sortindx=3, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
summclr=3, msgsclr=3, headclr=2, taskclr=3
Fixed_widest=0, Summ_mscale=0, Task_mscale=0, Zero_suppress=
（七）top命令行的相关选项
-d #: 指定刷新时间间隔，默认为3秒
-b: 全部显示所有进程
-n #: 刷新多少次后退出
[root@centos72 ~]# time top -d 2 -n 3
top - 00:36:16 up 1 day, 8 min, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 113 total, 1 running, 112 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 997980 total, 835168 free, 65176 used, 97636 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2037084 free, 60064 used. 793636 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 127944 3264 2096 S 0.0 0.3 0:04.23 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.76 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.37 rcu_sched
10 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 lru-add-drain
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.00 watchdog/0
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.35 watchdog/1
13 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 migration/1
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1
16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
18 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kdevtmpfs real 0m4.235s
user 0m0.048s
sys 0m0.032s
三htop命令
htop软件包来自EPEL源
选项：
-d #: 指定延迟时间；
-u UserName: 仅显示指定用户的进程
-s COLUME: 以指定字段进行排序
子命令：
s: 跟踪选定进程的系统调用
l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表
a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
t: 显示进程树
（一）安装htop
[root@centos72 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 52403200 1211556 51191644 3% /
devtmpfs 487964 0 487964 0% /dev
tmpfs 498988 0 498988 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 498988 7844 491144 2% /run
tmpfs 498988 0 498988 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3 20961280 32980 20928300 1% /app
/dev/sda1 1038336 126596 911740 13% /boot
tmpfs 99800 0 99800 0% /run/user/0
[root@centos72 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos72 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): epel/primary_db | 6.7 MB 00:00:01
(2/2): ali-centos/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:02
repo id repo name status
ali-centos ali-centos 10,019
base base 3,971
epel epel 13,190
repolist: 27,
[root@centos72 ~]# yum install htop
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package htop.x86_64 0:2.2.0-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================
Installing:
htop x86_64 2.2.0-3.el7 epel 103 k Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package Total download size: 103 k
Installed size: 218 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed:
htop.x86_64 0:2.2.0-3.el7 Complete!
（二）htop子命令
只要鼠标点击就会显示相应的内容
子命令：
s: 跟踪选定进程的系统调用，系统调用是底层内核级的
l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表
a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
t: 显示进程树
显示系统调用的整个过程，偏操作系统底层
[root@centos72 ~]# strace /bin/ls
execve("/bin/ls", ["/bin/ls"], [/* 24 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x25ca000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377aa000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=19365, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 19365, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f36377a5000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\320i\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=155784, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2255184, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3637363000
mprotect(0x7f3637387000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3637586000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x23000) = 0x7f3637586000
mmap(0x7f3637588000, 6480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3637588000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0 \26\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=20032, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2114112, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f363715e000
mprotect(0x7f3637162000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3637361000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7f3637361000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200\37\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=37056, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a4000
mmap(NULL, 2130560, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636f55000
mprotect(0x7f3636f5c000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f363715c000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x7000) = 0x7f363715c000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P%\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2173512, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3981792, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636b88000
mprotect(0x7f3636d4b000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636f4a000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c2000) = 0x7f3636f4a000
mmap(0x7f3636f50000, 16864, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3636f50000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libpcre.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360\25\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=402384, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2494984, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636926000
mprotect(0x7f3636986000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636b86000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x60000) = 0x7f3636b86000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0`\16\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=19776, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a3000
mmap(NULL, 2109744, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636722000
mprotect(0x7f3636724000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636924000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x2000) = 0x7f3636924000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libattr.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\320\23\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=19896, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2113904, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f363651d000
mprotect(0x7f3636521000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636720000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7f3636720000
close(3) = 0
open("/lib64/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\0m\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=144792, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2208904, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636301000
mprotect(0x7f3636318000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636517000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x16000) = 0x7f3636517000
mmap(0x7f3636519000, 13448, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3636519000
close(3) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a2000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a0000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f36377a0840) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636f4a000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636517000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636720000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636924000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636b86000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f363715c000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3637361000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3637586000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x61a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f36377ab000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f36377a5000, 19365) = 0
set_tid_address(0x7f36377a0b10) = 1124
set_robust_list(0x7f36377a0b20, 24) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0x7f36363077e0, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f36363106d0}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0x7f3636307870, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f36363106d0}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0
getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}) = 0
statfs("/sys/fs/selinux", {f_type=SELINUX_MAGIC, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=0, f_bfree=0, f_bavail=0, f_files=0, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096, f_flags=ST_VALID|ST_RELATIME}) = 0
statfs("/sys/fs/selinux", {f_type=SELINUX_MAGIC, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=0, f_bfree=0, f_bavail=0, f_files=0, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096, f_flags=ST_VALID|ST_RELATIME}) = 0
stat("/sys/fs/selinux", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x25ca000
brk(0x25eb000) = 0x25eb000
access("/etc/selinux/config", F_OK) = 0
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=106070960, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 106070960, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f362fdd8000
close(3) = 0
ioctl(1, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=22, ws_col=104, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) =
getdents(3, /* 31 entries */, 32768) =
getdents(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768) =
close(3) =
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) =
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a9000
write(1, "1.txt 3.txt 5.txt aa.txt\t ana"..., 631.txt 3.txt 5.txt aa.txt anaconda-ks.cfg f1 f3 f5 x.txt
) = 63
write(1, "2.txt 4.txt aaa access_log "..., 562.txt 4.txt aaa access_log aux.txt f2 f4 grep
) =
close(1) =
munmap(0x7f36377a9000, 4096) =
close(2) =
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
（1）l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表
选中进程，再按L键
注意要先安装lsof，否则会报错
[root@centos72 ~]# lsof
-bash: lsof: command not found
[root@centos72 ~]# yum install lsof
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
ali-centos | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
file:///mnt/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): epel/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): epel/primary_db | 6.7 MB 00:00:00
(3/3): epel/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:01
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-6.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================
Installing:
lsof x86_64 4.87-6.el7 ali-centos 331 k Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package Total download size: 331 k
Installed size: 927 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 331 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed:
lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-6.el7 Complete!
（2）t: 显示进程树
（3）a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
原来是绑定在第2颗CPU上的，现在选中CPU，回车
绑定在了第1颗CPU上了
绑定在了0号CPU
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C dd o pid,cmd,psr
PID CMD PSR
1157 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C dd o pid,cmd,psr
PID CMD PSR
1157 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C dd o pid,cmd,psr
PID CMD PSR
1157 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul
进程绑定在同一台CPU上这样就可以利用CPU的缓存，性能会更好
在6上也可以安装
[root@centos65 ~]# yum install htop
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package htop.x86_64 0:1.0.3-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================
Installing:
htop x86_64 1.0.3-1.el6 epel 83 k Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 83 k
Installed size: 178 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
htop-1.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 83 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : htop-1.0.3-1.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : htop-1.0.3-1.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed:
htop.x86_64 0:1.0.3-1.el6 Complete!
[root@centos65 ~]# htop
杀死进程
选中进程，再选择KILL，按回车
被杀死了
使用xshell的字符界面支持鼠标
[root@centos72 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
Terminated
哪个端口被哪个进程占用？
法1加上选项p
[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnlp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",pid=855,fd=13))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=4))
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* users:(("master",pid=855,fd=14))
然后过滤
[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnlp | grep :22
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=4))
[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnlp | grep 22
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=4))
法2
[root@centos72 ~]# lsof -i :22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 772 root 3u IPv4 18111 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 772 root 4u IPv6 18120 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1108 root 3u IPv4 21354 0t0 TCP centos72.huawei.com:ssh->gateway:54140 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd 1133 root 3u IPv4 21445 0t0 TCP centos72.huawei.com:ssh->gateway:54144 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd 1162 root 3u IPv4 22019 0t0 TCP centos72.huawei.com:ssh->gateway:54203 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@centos72 ~]# lsof -i :25
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
master 855 root 13u IPv4 19156 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN)
master 855 root 14u IPv6 19157 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN)
[root@centos72 ~]# rpm -q lsof
lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64
[root@centos72 ~]# rpm -ql lsof
/usr/sbin/lsof
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00.README.FIRST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00.README.FIRST_4.87
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00CREDITS
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00DCACHE
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00DIALECTS
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00DIST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00FAQ
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00LSOF-L
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00MANIFEST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00PORTING
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00QUICKSTART
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00README
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00TEST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00XCONFIG
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/README.lsof_4.87
/usr/share/man/man8/lsof.8.gz
[root@centos72 ~]# type lsof
lsof is hashed (/usr/sbin/lsof)
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