Spring MVC基础知识整理➣Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate整合操作数据库

概述

　　Hibernate是一款优秀的ORM框架，能够连接并操作数据库，包括保存和修改数据。Spring MVC是Java的web框架，能够将Hibernate集成进去，完成数据的CRUD。Hibernate使用方便，配置响应的XML文件即可。由于spring3.x,基于asm的某些特征,而这些asm还没有用jdk8编译，所以采用Spring 3+JDK8就会报错,提示错误信息( java.lang.IllegalArgumentException)，具体解决方案有：1、Spring 3+JDK7及以下版本 2、Spring 4+JDK8及以上版本；具体可参考大牛地址

Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate操作数据

　这里采用Spring 4+Hibernate4进行代码整合，Spring4主要处理WEB请求，Hibernate4进行数据的操作；

引用类包

　　所需要的类包文件清单如下图，如需下载，可通过下面Demo下载，类包位于WEBINF-->Lib目录下

添加配置文件

WEB.XML文件，配置内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>SpringMVC</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

  <!-- 配置Spring -->
  <context-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath*:config/spring-*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
       <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
 
  <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath*:config/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup></load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 设置字符集 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 控制Session的开关 -->
  <filter>
          <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
          <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

　　在src目录下，添加文件夹config/spring-hibernate.xml(存储Hibernate配置信息，包括数据库连接字符串的读取)、config/spring-servlet.xml（配置Spring-MVC的依赖注入）、config.hibernate/hiernate.cfg.xml（配置Hibernate的依赖注入实体对象）、config.spring/spring-user.xml(配置Spring DAO和Service配置)、prop/jdbc.properities（配置数据库连接信息）；

XML配置如下

spring-hibernate.xml内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

     <!-- 引入property配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:prop/jdbc.properties"/>
    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.mysql.driverClassName}" />
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.mysql.url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.mysql.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.mysql.password}" />
    </bean>

    <!--  配置hibernate SessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${jdbc.mysql.dialect}</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hiberante.format_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

        <property name="configLocations">
            <list>
                <value>
                     classpath*:config/hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml
                </value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 事务代理类 -->
    <bean id="transactionBese"
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
        lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
                <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
                <prop key="insert*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
                <prop key="modify*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
                <prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
                <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
                <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_NEVER</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>  

spring-servlet.xml内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 注解扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jialin" />

    <!-- 开启注解方案1 -->
    <!-- 注解方法处理 -->
    <!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"
        /> -->
    <!-- 注解类映射处理 -->
    <!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"></bean> -->

    <!-- 开启注解方案2 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 静态资源访问，方案1 -->
    <mvc:resources location="/img/" mapping="/img/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />

    <!-- 静态资源访问，方案2 -->
    <!-- <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> -->

    <!-- 视图解释类 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!--可为空,方便实现自已的依据扩展名来选择视图解释类的逻辑 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 上传文件bean -->
    <!-- <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" /> <property name="maxUploadSize"
        value="" /> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="" />
        </bean> -->

</beans>  

hiernate.cfg.xml内容

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- 引入需要映射的类 -->
        <mapping class="com.jialin.entity.User"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

spring-user.xml内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd" [
<!ENTITY contextInclude SYSTEM "org/springframework/web/context/WEB-INF/contextInclude.xml">
]>

<beans>
    <!-- Spring Bean -->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.jialin.dao.UserDao">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="userManagerBase" class="com.jialin.service.UserManager">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- parent为transactionBese，表示支持事务 -->
    <bean id="userManager" parent="transactionBese">
        <property name="target" ref="userManagerBase"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

jdbc.properities内容

# JDBC
# 设置连接池连接时的数量
jdbc.initialSize=
jdbc.filters=stat
# 连接池中存在的最小连接数目。连接池中连接数目可以变很少，如果使用了maxAge属性，有些空闲的连接会被关闭因为离它最近一次连接的时间过去太久了。
#但是，我们看到的打开的连接不会少于minIdle。
jdbc.minIdle=
# 连接数据库的最大连接数。这个属性用来限制连接池中能够打开连接的数量，可以方便数据库做连接容量规划。
jdbc.maxActive=
jdbc.maxWait=
jdbc.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=
jdbc.poolPreparedStatements=true
jdbc.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=
jdbc.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=
jdbc.validationQuery=select  from dual  

jdbc.removeAbandonedTimeout=
jdbc.logAbandoned=true
jdbc.removeAbandoned=true
jdbc.testOnBorrow=false
jdbc.testOnReturn=false

# MYSQL 数据库连接方式
jdbc.mysql.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.mysql.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.102:3306/dbidb?characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.mysql.username=root
jdbc.mysql.password=root
jdbc.mysql.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

#HIBERNATE
jdbc.show_sql=false
jdbc.format_sql=false

编写代码

数据库操作服务层代码

添加User实体

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
@Table(name="Users")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator="id")
    @GenericGenerator(name = "id",strategy="identity")
    private Integer id;
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Column(name="userName")
    private String userName;
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    @Column(name="age")
    private int age;
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    } 

}

添加DAO文件

package com.jialin.dao;

import com.jialin.entity.User;

public interface IUserDao {

    void addUser(User user) throws Exception;
}

实现IUserDao接口，某些属性要实现get和set属性，且要和配置文件hiernate.cfg.xml对应，否则依赖注入失败

package com.jialin.dao;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.jialin.entity.User;

@Repository
public class UserDao implements IUserDao {

    @Autowired
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }
    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }
    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(""+user.getUserName());
        sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
    }
}

添加服务接口

package com.jialin.service;

import com.jialin.entity.User;

public interface IUserManager {
     //添加用户
    void addUser(User user) throws Exception;
}

实现服务接口

package com.jialin.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.jialin.dao.UserDao;
import com.jialin.entity.User;

@Service("userService")
public class UserManager implements IUserManager {

    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;  

    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        userDao.addUser(user);
    }

}

WEB层代码

添加Controller类

package com.jialin.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.jialin.entity.User;
import com.jialin.service.UserManager;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserManager userService;
    //添加用户
    @RequestMapping(value="/user/addUser",method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String addUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("用户名：======"+user.getUserName());
        userService.addUser(user);
        return "success";
    } 

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/addUser",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String addUserIndex(Model model) throws Exception{
        model.addAttribute("", new User());
        return "UserAdd";
    }
}

添加UserAdd.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="" method="post">
        <h3>添加用户信息</h3>

        姓名：<input type="text" name="userName" id="userName"
            value="" /> 年龄：<input type="text" name="age" id="age"
            value="" /> <input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

添加success.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
操作成功
</body>
</html>

至此，Hibbernate配置完成，这里仅演示添加操作！

源码下载