用gdisk调整gpt/ext4分区大小
主机： CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
目的：从/home分区分出100G来创建新分区/vm
参考：
http://falstaff.agner.ch/2013/12/22/online-resize-root-filesystem-on-a-gpt-partition/
http://blog.zepsikopat.net/2011/07/22/resize-an-ext4-partition-on-a-gpt-disk/
http://superuser.com/questions/660309/live-resize-of-a-gpt-partition-on-linux
1. 查看当前分区情况
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[root@tanghuimin Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 ext4 9.7G 6.6G 2.6G 72% / tmpfs tmpfs 1.8G 280K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 426G 37G 368G 10% /home /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 4.2G 15G 23% /opt |
/home分区在/dev/sda1.
2. gdisk /dev/sda
?: 打印gdisk下命令的用法
p: 查看分区表
b:
备份分区表，以便后面操作失误可以恢复分区表
|
[root@tanghuimin GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Command (? Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): FB42D8BC-9B54-4B3B-A16C-A39A39B902FF Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 2029 sectors (1014.5 KiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 907141119 432.6 GiB 0700 2 907141120 948101119 19.5 GiB 0700 3 948101120 968581119 9.8 GiB EF00 4 968581120 976773119 3.9 GiB 8200 Command (? Enter backup filename to save: /root/gpt.sda.bak The operation has completed successfully. |
3. 卸载即将被调整的分区/home
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[root@tanghuimin [root@tanghuimin ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 ext4 9.7G 6.6G 2.6G 72% / tmpfs tmpfs 1.8G 296K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 4.2G 15G 23% /opt |
4. 检测文件系统错误
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[root@tanghuimin e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sda1: 268432/28352512 files (0.1% non-contiguous), |
5. 用resize2fs调整文件系统大小
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[root@tanghuimin resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sda1 to 85458944 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 85458944 blocks long. |
6. 用gdisk调整分区大小，先用d删除分区，后用n创建分区
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[root@tanghuimin ~]# gdisk /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): FB42D8BC-9B54-4B3B-A16C-A39A39B902FF Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 2029 sectors (1014.5 KiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 907141119 432.6 GiB 0700 2 907141120 948101119 19.5 GiB 0700 3 948101120 968581119 9.8 GiB EF00 4 968581120 976773119 3.9 GiB 8200 Command (? Partition number (1-4): 1 Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): FB42D8BC-9B54-4B3B-A16C-A39A39B902FF Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 907141101 sectors (432.6 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 2 907141120 948101119 19.5 GiB 0700 3 948101120 968581119 9.8 GiB EF00 4 968581120 976773119 3.9 GiB 8200 Command (? Partition number (1-128, default 1): First sector (34-976773134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: Last sector (2048-907141119, default = 907141119) or Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Command Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda. Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. The operation has completed successfully. |
分区大小调整完毕。
7. 将/dev/sda1挂载到/home
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[root@tanghuimin ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 ext4 9.7G 6.6G 2.6G 72% / tmpfs tmpfs 1.8G 296K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 4.2G 15G 23% /opt [root@tanghuimin [root@tanghuimin ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 ext4 9.7G 6.6G 2.6G 72% / tmpfs tmpfs 1.8G 296K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 4.2G 15G 23% /opt /dev/sda1 ext4 321G 37G 269G 12% /home |
reboot.
8. 在/dev/sda所有free的空间上创建新分区
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[root@tanghuimin ~]# gdisk /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): FB42D8BC-9B54-4B3B-A16C-A39A39B902FF Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 221374444 sectors (105.6 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 685768704 327.0 GiB 8300 Linux 2 907141120 948101119 19.5 GiB 0700 3 948101120 968581119 9.8 GiB EF00 4 968581120 976773119 3.9 GiB 8200 Command (? Partition number (5-128, default 5): First sector (34-976773134, default = 685770752) or Last sector (685770752-907141119, default = 907141119) or Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' Command (? Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda. Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. The operation has completed successfully. |
9. 将新分区的文件系统类型设为ext4
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[root@tanghuimin mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=1 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 6922240 inodes, 27671296 blocks 1383564 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 845 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to |
10. 将新分区/dev/sda5挂载到/vm
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[root@tanghuimin [root@tanghuimin ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 ext4 9.7G 6.6G 2.6G 72% / tmpfs tmpfs 1.8G 224K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 ext4 321G 37G 269G 12% /home /dev/sda2 ext4 20G 4.2G 15G 23% /opt /dev/sda5 ext4 104G 188M 99G 1% /vm |
11.
在/etc/fstab中添加如下行，使在系统启动时/dev/sda5被挂载到/vm
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/dev/sda5 /vm ext4 defaults 1 |
reboot.
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