leetcode-20-Dynamic Programming
303. Range Sum Query - Immutable
解题思路:
Note里说sumRange会被调用很多次。。所以简直强烈暗示要做cache啊。。。所以刚开始,虽然用每次都去遍历数组求和的方式可以
AC,但是真的耗时太长了。因此,考虑不存储数组nums,而是在array[i+1]处存前i项的和。这样的话,求i和j之间的和,只需要用
array[j+1]-array[i]即可以求得了。这样是直接访问数组,会快很多。
class NumArray {
public:
NumArray(vector<int> nums) {
// default is 0
array = new int[nums.length() + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length(); i++) {
array[i + 1] = array[i] + nums[i];
}
} int sumRange(int i, int j) {
return array[j + 1] - array[i];
}
private:
// Notice
int[] array;
};
70. Climbing Stairs
解题思路:
类似汉诺塔问题。。
int climbStairs(int n) {
if (n <= 2)
return n;
// from n-1 to n
int oneBefore = 2;
int twoBefore = 1;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
sum = oneBefore + twoBefore;
twoBefore = oneBefore;
oneBefore = sum;
}
return sum;
}
198. House Robber
解题思路:
由题目可知,不能抢劫相邻的两家,所以可以考虑单数线和双数线。
int Max(int a, int b) {
return a > b ? a : b;
}
int rob(vector<int>& nums) {
int even = 0;
int odd = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0)
// if odd is bigger, nums[i-1] is chosen and nums[i] isn't chosen
// otherwise, nums[i] is chosen.
even = Max(even + nums[i], odd);
else
odd = Max(even, odd + nums[i]);
}
// return max of two lines
return Max(even, odd);
}
300. Longest Increasing Subsequence
解题思路:
arr[i]存的是以nums[i]结尾的最长递增子序列的长度,所以计算时:
arr[i] = max(arr[j]+1) 其中, nums[j] < nums[i], j = 0...i-1
写的时候,注意max在内层循环结束后要更新。。。最终只要得到arr[]中的最大值就是结果。
int lengthOfLIS(vector<int>& nums) {
if (nums.size() <= 1)
return nums.size();
int arr[nums.size()];
arr[0] = 1;
int i, j;
int max = 1;
for (i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (nums[j] < nums[i]) {
if (arr[j] + 1 > max)
max = arr[j] + 1;
}
}
arr[i] = max;
max = 1;
}
int result = arr[0];
for (i = 1; i < nums.size(); i++)
if (arr[i] > result)
result =arr[i];
return result;
}
72. Edit Distance
解题思路:
听老师讲完编辑距离那块,做这个就很容易了。思路是用一个数组edit[i][j]存储word1[1..i]变到word2[1..j]的编辑距离。数组的递推公式为:
解释:前两行是空串到非空串的情况;第三行是i,j > 0时,前两种是增加一个字母,最后一种是替换或不替换(word1[i]与word[j]相同,所以
此处要保持编辑距离)
实际写的时候,注意字符串的下标从0开始,所以diff(i-1, j-1)
int Min(int a, int b, int c) {
if (a <= b && a <= c)
return a;
if (b <= a && b <= c)
return b;
if (c <= a && c <= b)
return c;
}
int minDistance(string word1, string word2) {
int len1 = word1.length();
int len2 = word2.length();
if (len1 == 0)
return len2;
if (len2 == 0)
return len1;
int edit[len1+1][len2+1];
for (int i = 0; i <= len1; i++)
edit[i][0] = i;
for (int i = 0; i <= len2; i++)
edit[0][i] = i;
int diff;
int i, j;
for (i = 1; i <= len1; i++) {
for (j = 1; j <= len2; j++) {
if (word1[i-1] == word2[j-1])
diff = 0;
else
diff = 1;
edit[i][j] = Min(edit[i-1][j]+1, edit[i][j-1]+1, diff+edit[i-1][j-1]);
}
}
return edit[len1][len2];
}
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