Centos 部署Cobbler系统

一.简介

Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会。（~..~）

二.安装环境以及资源

系统：centos 6.5 　　IP：192.168.30.158/24
自动安装镜像：CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

三.安装步骤

安装epel源：

[root@cobbler ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

安装DHCP、tftp，rsync，xinetd，httpd（这些都是所需要的，如果有则不需要安装。）
```
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install dhcp tftp rsync xinetd httpd pykickstart fence-agents
```

安装cobbler

[root@cobbler ~]# yum install cobbler -y

安装cobbler完成后，重启cobblerd。还暂时不能使用，我们可以运行一下这个命令，检查一下。可以看到的错误信息

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
 
 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux., menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
 : comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
 
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

现在就一个一个的来解决以上的错误条目。

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
上面提示需要修改cobbler服务器的ip地址。配置文件是/etc/cobbler/settings.找到
```
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
server: 192.168.30.158
next_server: 192.168.30.158
```

2 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp　　修改disable 为 no

[root@cobbler ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no
        per_source              =
        cps                     =
        flags                   = IPv4
}

3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: --26_161520_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Wed Aug  :: )
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

4 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
```
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd - -salt '' ''
$$$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0
```
此处按提示操作，最后一个生成的“999999”密码，是cobbler客户端安装完系统后的root密码。生成后的密码$1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0需要写入下面的文件内：/etc/cobbler/settings内
```
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0"
```
5 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support；comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support
```
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/debmirror.conf
#@dists="sid";
#@arches="i386";
```
找到以上两行，并注释掉这两句。

6 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync　　修改disable 为 no

[root@cobbler ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
# default: off
# description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \
#       allows crc checksumming etc.
service rsync
{
        disable = no
        flags           = IPv6
        socket_type     = stream
        wait            = no
        user            = root
        server          = /usr/bin/rsync
        server_args     = --daemon
        log_on_failure  += USERID
}

7：将上述错误修改完毕后，重启下cobblerd服务，再次运行cobbler check检查，出现以下便表示前面几条的提示已经被解决了。

[root@cobbler ~]# service cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]
Starting cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
No configuration problems found.  All systems go.

8：修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler来接管DHCP的目的
```
[root@cobbler ~]# vi /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 
```

9：修改DHCP配置模板，修改成如下配置（根据自己的网络环境配置）

[root@cobbler ~]# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.30.1;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.30.1;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.30.100 192.168.30.254;
     default-lease-time         ;
     max-lease-time             ;
     next-server                $next_server;

10：安装光盘已经放在光驱里了，现在需要创建文件，然后挂载到电脑上。

[root@cobbler ~]# mkdir -p /cobbler/ISO
[root@cobbler /]# mount /dev/cdrom /cobbler/ISO/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

之后导入安装镜像。

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/cobbler/ISO/ --name=CentOS-.5_86x64
task started: --26_181805_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Aug  :: )
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64:
creating new distro: CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64 for CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

11: 现在同步cobbler

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
task started: --26_182224_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Aug  :: )
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux. -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-.5_86x64-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

重启一下

[root@cobbler cobbler]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]
Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

12：现在配置基本上已经完成了，可以达到自动装机的效果了。（可能生产环境中需要修改一些环境变量，或者预安装的软件包）

四.现在测试一下

开机，选择网卡启动
之后在出现的系统菜单中，选择所需要安装的系统
选择Centos6.5后即可自动进行安装。
文中可能有遗漏之处，还请提出，如果转载，还请注明源地址！谢谢....