第二阶段：高级核心基础知识·第1章Linux三剑客·1

1.用vmware添加一块10G的硬盘，且永久挂载到/data01中，写出详细的步骤

2.用自己语言描述raid0和raid1的区别

RAID 0:

将两个或以上相同信号，容量的硬盘组合，磁盘阵列的总容量是多个硬盘的总和，数据依次写

入物理磁盘，理想状态下，硬盘读写性能会翻倍。但只要坏一块磁盘，所有数据都会损坏

优点：速度快

缺点：冗余差

RAID 1:

RAID 1 技术，是将两块以上硬盘绑定，数据写入时，同时写入多个硬盘，因此即使有硬盘故障，也有数据备份。

优点：冗余性好

缺点：浪费资源

3.sed删除文件的空白和注释行

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

\#I like python.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

\#My website is http://pythonav.cn

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt | sed  '/^$/d' | sed '/^#/d'

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

[root@vm-main luffty]# sed -e '/^$/d' -e '/^#/d' test.txt

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

4.使用awk删除文件chaoge.txt空白行

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt | awk '!/^$/{print $0}'

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

\#I like python.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

\#My website is http://pythonav.cn

5.把命令echo "I am oldboy" 的结果写入"黑洞文件中"，且命令的标准错误输出，也当做标准输出处理

echo  "I am oldboy" > /dev/null 2>&1

6.利用{}符号备份/etc/hosts文件

[root@vm-main luffty]# cp /etc/hosts{,.bak}

[root@vm-main luffty]# ll /etc/ | grep hosts

-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    158 Jun  7  2013 hosts

-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    370 Jun  7  2013 hosts.allow

-rw-r--r--  1 root root    158 Sep 28 04:26 hosts.bak

-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    460 Jun  7  2013 hosts.deny

[root@vm-main luffty]#

7.过滤掉文件chaoge.txt的注释和空白行

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt | grep -Ev '(^$|^#)'

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt  | grep -v '^$' | grep -v '^#'

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

8. 找出除了小写字母以外的字符，文本如下chaoge.txt

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

I like python.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

My website is http://pythonav.cn

[root@huahua-centos7-aliyun luffy]# cat a.txt  | sed 's/[a-z]//g'
I   

I  .

I  .

M   877348180.

M   .

M   ://.
[root@huahua-centos7-aliyun luffy]# cat a.txt | grep -Eo '[^a-z]'

9.使用sed输出文件chaoge.txt的2-5行内容

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat -n chaoge.txt | sed -n '2,5p'

   2  I teach linux.

   3  I like python.

   4  My qq is 877348180.

   5  My name is chaoge.

10.使用sed删除含有game字符的行,chaoge.txt

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat chaoge.txt

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

I like python.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

My website is http://pythonav.cn

I like play game

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat chaoge.txt | sed '/game/d'

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

I like python.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

My website is http://pythonav.cn

11.使用sed替换文件chaoge.txt中，替换所有My为His，同时换掉QQ号为8888888

My name is chaoge.

I teach linux.

I like play computer game.

My qq is 877348180.

My website is http://pythonav.cn.

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat chaoge.txt2 | sed -e 's/My/His/g' -e 's/877348180/8888888/'

His name is chaoge.

I teach linux.

I like play computer game.

His qq is 8888888.

His website is http://pythonav.cn.

[root@vm-main luffty]#

12.用sed取出ip地址

[root@vm-main luffty]# ifconfig ens33 | sed -n '2p' | sed -n 's/^.*inet//p' | sed -n 's/netmask.*$//p'

 192.168.58.130

13.用awk显示/etc/passwd文件的第一列，倒数第二列，以冒号分割。

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat /etc/passwd | awk -F ":" '{print $1":"$(NF-1)}'

root:/root

bin:/bin

daemon:/sbin

adm:/var/adm

lp:/var/spool/lpd

sync:/sbin

shutdown:/sbin

halt:/sbin

mail:/var/spool/mail

operator:/root

games:/usr/games

ftp:/var/ftp

nobody:/

systemd-network:/

dbus:/

polkitd:/

postfix:/var/spool/postfix

sshd:/var/empty/sshd

test:/home/test

abrt:/etc/abrt

saslauth:/run/saslauthd

pcp:/var/lib/pcp

mailnull:/var/spool/mqueue

smmsp:/var/spool/mqueue

apache:/usr/share/httpd

tss:/dev/null

mailman:/usr/lib/mailman

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat /etc/passwd | awk -v OFS=":" -F ":" '{print $1,$(NF-1)}'

root:/root

bin:/bin

daemon:/sbin

adm:/var/adm

lp:/var/spool/lpd

sync:/sbin

shutdown:/sbin

halt:/sbin

mail:/var/spool/mail

operator:/root

games:/usr/games

ftp:/var/ftp

nobody:/

systemd-network:/

dbus:/

polkitd:/

postfix:/var/spool/postfix

sshd:/var/empty/sshd

test:/home/test

abrt:/etc/abrt

saslauth:/run/saslauthd

pcp:/var/lib/pcp

mailnull:/var/spool/mqueue

smmsp:/var/spool/mqueue

apache:/usr/share/httpd

tss:/dev/null

mailman:/usr/lib/mailman

14.用awk取出ip地址

[root@vm-main luffty]# ifconfig ens33 | awk 'NR==2 {print $2}'

192.168.58.130

15.用awk找出/etc/passwd文件中禁止登录的用户

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat /etc/passwd | awk -F ":" '$NF=="/sbin/nologin"{print $1}'

bin

daemon

adm

lp

mail

operator

games

ftp

nobody

systemd-network

dbus

polkitd

postfix

sshd

abrt

saslauth

pcp

mailnull

smmsp

apache

tss

mailman