稀疏图（邻接链表），并查集，最短路径（Dijkstra，spfa），最小生成树（kruskal，prim）

全部函数通过杭电 1142，1162，1198，1213等题目测试。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

/*
//函数集合声明下，方便查看
void Dijkstra(const denseGraph& dg, int s);
void spfa(const denseGraph& dg, int s);
weightType prim(const denseGraph& dg, int s);
void makeSet(int x);
int findSet(int x);
void unionSet(int x, int y);
weightType kruskal(const denseGraph& dg);
*/

//稀疏图，邻接链表表示
#define N 1000            //表示顶点数最大值
#define NOEDGE 1000000    //表示无边，用于距离类求解中
typedef double weightType;    //表示带边权的类型
struct edge{
    int v, w;
    weightType val;
    edge(int v = -, int w = -, weightType val = NOEDGE) :v(v), w(w), val(val){}
};
struct nodeGraph{
    int v;
    weightType val;
    nodeGraph* next;
    nodeGraph(int v = -, weightType val = NOEDGE, nodeGraph* next = NULL) :v(v), val(val), next(next){}
};
typedef nodeGraph* link;
struct sparseGraph{
    int Vcnt, Ecnt;    //顶点数，边数
    bool dg;    //有向图 ?
    vector<link> adj;    //邻接链表
    sparseGraph(int v, bool dg = false) :adj(v), Vcnt(v), Ecnt(), dg(dg){
        adj.assign(v, NULL);
    }
    void insert(edge e){
        int v = e.v, w = e.w;
        weightType val = e.val;
        adj[v] = new nodeGraph(w, val, adj[v]);
        if (!dg) adj[w] = new nodeGraph(v, val, adj[w]);
        ++Ecnt;
    }
    void show(){
        printf("Vcnt = %d, Ecnt = %d, Directed : %d\n", Vcnt, Ecnt, dg);
        link p = NULL;
        for (int i = ; i < Vcnt; ++i){
            p = adj[i];
            printf("%d: ", i);
            while (p){
                cout << p->v << ',';
                cout << p->val;
                p = p->next;
                if (p) printf(" ");
            }
            printf("\n");
        }
    }
};

//用于Dijkstra,prim中的队列优化，可选
struct keyValue{
    int key, value;
    keyValue(int key, int value) :key(key), value(value){}
};
template<class T>
struct myGreater{
    bool operator() (const T& x, const T& y) const{ return x.key > y.key; }
};

//Dijkstra算法
weightType dDijkstra[N];    //存放所有顶点到 s 的最短路径距离
int pDijkstra[N];        //pDijkstra[i],路径存在时，存放节点 i 的前驱，不存在时，-1
void Dijkstra(const sparseGraph &sg, int s)
{
    bool visit[N];
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i){
        visit[i] = false;
        dDijkstra[i] = NOEDGE;
        pDijkstra[i] = -;
    }
    link p = sg.adj[s];
    while (p){
        dDijkstra[p->v] = p->val;
        pDijkstra[p->v] = s;
        p = p->next;
    }
    visit[s] = true; dDijkstra[s] = ;
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt - ; ++i){
        int min = NOEDGE;
        int v = ;
        /*优先队列代替
        priority_queue < keyValue, vector<keyValue>, myGreater<keyValue> > qq;
        for (int j = 0; j < sg.Vcnt; ++j)
            if (!visit[j]) qq.push(keyValue(dDijkstra[j], j));
        keyValue u = qq.top();
        v = u.value; min = dDijkstra[v];
        */
        for (int j = ; j < sg.Vcnt; ++j){
            if (!visit[j] && dDijkstra[j] < min){
                v = j; min = dDijkstra[j];
            }
        }
        visit[v] = true;
        p = sg.adj[v];
        while (p){
            if (!visit[p->v] && p->val + min < dDijkstra[p->v]){
                dDijkstra[p->v] = p->val + min;
                pDijkstra[p->v] = v;
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
}

//最短路径 SPFA算法
weightType dSpfa[N];
int pSpfa[N];
void spfa(const sparseGraph& sg, int s)
{
    bool visit[N];
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i){
        visit[i] = false;
        dSpfa[i] = NOEDGE;
        pSpfa[i] = -;
    }
    dSpfa[s] = ;
    int u;
    link p = NULL;
    queue<int> q;
    q.push(s);
    while (!q.empty()){
        u = q.front(); q.pop();
        p = sg.adj[u];
        while (p){
            int v = p->v;
            if (dSpfa[u] + p->val < dSpfa[v]){
                dSpfa[v] = dSpfa[u] + p->val;
                pSpfa[v] = u;
                if (!visit[v]) q.push(v);
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
}
//最小生成树 prim
weightType dPrim[N];    //存放所有顶点到 s 的最短路径距离
weightType prim(const sparseGraph &sg, int s)
{
    weightType sum = ;
    bool visit[N];
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i){
        visit[i] = false;
        dPrim[i] = NOEDGE;
    }
    link p = sg.adj[s];
    while (p){
        dPrim[p->v] = p->val;
        p = p->next;
    }
    visit[s] = true; dPrim[s] = ;
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt - ; ++i){
        weightType min = NOEDGE;
        int v = ;
        for (int j = ; j < sg.Vcnt; ++j){
            if (!visit[j] && dPrim[j] < min){
                v = j; min = dPrim[j];
            }
        }
        sum += min;
        visit[v] = true;
        p = sg.adj[v];
        while (p){
            if (!visit[p->v] && p->val < dPrim[p->v]){
                dPrim[p->v] = p->val;
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
    return sum;
}

//并查集实现，点集[0,1,2,3,4,...,n-1]
int parentSet[N];
int rankSet[N];
void makeSet(int x)
{
    parentSet[x] = x;
    rankSet[x] = ;
}
void linkSet(int x, int y)
{
    if (rankSet[x] > rankSet[y])
        parentSet[y] = x;
    else {
        parentSet[x] = y;
        if (rankSet[x] == rankSet[y])
            ++rankSet[y];
    }
}
int findSet(int x)
{
    vector<int> v;
    while (parentSet[x] != x){
        v.push_back(x);
        x = parentSet[x];
    }
    for (int i = ; i < v.size(); ++i)
        parentSet[v[i]] = x;
    return x;
}
void unionSet(int x, int y)
{
    linkSet(findSet(x), findSet(y));
}

//最小生成树 kruskal
bool kruskalComp(const edge &a, const edge &b){
    return a.val < b.val;
}
weightType kruskal(const sparseGraph &sg)
{
    weightType sum = ;
    vector<edge> ve;        //取图的所有边，并排序
    edge e;
    link p = NULL;
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i){
        p = sg.adj[i];
        e.v = i;
        while (p){
            e.w = p->v;
            e.val = p->val;
            ve.push_back(e);
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
    sort(ve.begin(), ve.end(), kruskalComp);
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i)
        makeSet(i);
    for (int i = ; i < ve.size(); ++i){
        e = ve[i];
        int x = findSet(e.v);
        int y = findSet(e.w);
        if (x != y){
            unionSet(x, y);
            sum += e.val;
        }
    }
    return sum;
}
/*测试数据
5 6
1 3 2
1 4 2
3 4 3
1 5 12
4 2 34
5 2 24

7 8
1 3 1
1 4 1
3 7 1
7 4 1
7 5 1
6 7 1
5 2 1
6 2 1
*/
int main()
{
    int v, w, val, n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    sparseGraph sg(n,true);
    while (m--){
        cin >> v >> w >> val;
        sg.insert(edge(v-, w-, val));
    }
    sg.show();
    cout << endl;
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i){
        spfa(sg, i);
        Dijkstra(sg, i);
        for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i)
            cout << dSpfa[i] << ' ';
        cout << endl;
        for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i)
            cout << dDijkstra[i] << ' ';
        cout << endl;

        for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i)
            cout << pSpfa[i] << ' ';
        cout << endl;
        for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i)
            cout << pDijkstra[i] << ' ';
        cout << endl << endl;
    }
    for (int i = ; i < sg.Vcnt; ++i)
        cout << prim(sg, i) << endl;
    cout << kruskal(sg) << endl;
}