springmvc+spring-data-jpa+hibernate环境搭建与配置

1、JPA诞生的缘由是为了整合第三方ORM框架，建立一种标准的方式，百度百科说是JDK为了实现ORM的天下归一，目前也是在按照这个方向发展，但是还没能完全实现。在ORM框架中，Hibernate是一支很大的部队，使用很广泛，也很方便，能力也很强，同时Hibernate也是和JPA整合的比较良好，我们可以认为JPA是标准，事实上也是，JPA几乎都是接口，实现都是Hibernate在做，宏观上面看，在JPA的统一之下Hibernate很良好的运行。

2、使用springmvc+spring-data-jpa+hibernate的目的是springmvc方便容器的管理和使用，spring-data-jpa主要是通过接口的方式来实现对象映射，jpa里面也自己带了常用的方法，不用直接写sql。目的是方便开发和减少程序员对数据库的直接处理。hibernate的使用主要是和jpa配合使用起到快速开发的效果。

3、环境搭建导包pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.troy</groupId>
  <artifactId>springjpa</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
      <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.37</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-data-commons</artifactId>
      <version>1.13.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
      <version>1.11.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.9.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.9.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.0.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
      <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
      <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.8.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>2.8.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.8.5</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

4、web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
  <display-name>springjpa</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <filter>
      <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
          <param-value>true</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

5、springmv容器xml的配置（spring-mvc.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.troy"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        <import resource="spring-jpa.xml"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

6、spring-conf.properties配置文件配置

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/m_model?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username=root
password=root

7、spring-jpa.xml的相关配置、配置相对简单、可以根据需求或者业务来添加配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    <!-- 读取配置文件 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <array>
                <value>classpath:conf/spring-config.properties</value>
            </array>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 连接数据库 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 设置JPA实现厂商的特定属性 -->
    <bean id="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
        <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置entityManagerFactory -->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.troy.jpa.entity"/>
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop><!-- validate/update/create -->
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 事物控制 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- Spring Data Jpa配置 -->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.troy.jpa.repository"
        entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"
        transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"/>
    <!-- 开启事物注解 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

8、目录结构

9、具体的实现和应用方式
1）entity

@Entity
public class User implements Serializable{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Id
    @Column(name="ID")
    private String id;

    @Column(name="NAME")
    private String name;

    @Column(name="AGE")
    private String age;

    public User() {

    }

    public User(String id, String name, String age) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }

}

@Entity
@Table(name = "ROLE")
public class Role implements Serializable{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @Column(name = "id")
    private Long id;
    @Column(name = "ROLE_NAME")
    private String roleName;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinColumn(name = "USER_ID")
    private User user;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getRoleName() {
        return roleName;
    }
    public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
        this.roleName = roleName;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Role [id=" + id + ", roleName=" + roleName + "]";
    }

}

2）repositroy层(这里直接写的接口。实现JpaRepository来应用自带的方法，这里也可以自己hql实现具体的业务)

1、基础repository

@NoRepositoryBean
public interface BaseRepository<T,I extends Serializable> extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, I>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<T>{

}

public interface UserRepository extends BaseRepository<User, Long>{

}

3）service层(这里我没有写接口，实际开发要写接口)

@Service(value="userService")
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    @Resource(name="userRepositroy")
    private UserRepositroy userRepositroy;

    public void add(User user){
        userRepositroy.save(user);
    }

    public void update(User user){
        userRepositroy.save(user);
    }

    public List<User> findAll(){
        return userRepositroy.findAll();
    }
}

4）controller层

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Resource(name="userService")
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public void  add(){
      User user = new User("1","ll","25");
      userService.add(user);
      System.out.println("success");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/update")
    public void  update(){
      User user = new User("1","ld","24");
      userService.update(user);
      System.out.println("success");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/queryUser")
    public void  queryUser(){
        List<User> list = userService.findAll();
        System.out.println(list);
    }
}