在Android系统中,应用程序是由Activity组成的,因此,应用程序的启动过程实际上就是应用程序中的默认Activity的启动过程,本文将详细分析应用程序框架层的源代码,了解Android应用程序的启动过程。
  启动Android应用程序中的Activity的两种情景:其中,在手机屏幕中点击应用程序图标的情景就会引发Android应用程序中的默认Activity的启动,从而把应用程序启动起来。这种启动方式的特点是会启动一个新的进程来加载相应的Activity。
  这里,我们以这个例子为例来说明Android应用程序的启动过程,即MainActivity的启动过程。

Step 1. Launcher.startActivitySafely

  在Android系统中,应用程序是由Launcher启动起来的,其实,Launcher本身也是一个应用程序,其它的应用程序安装后,Launcher的界面上就会出现一个相应的图标,点击这个图标时,Launcher就会对应的应用程序启动起来。

Launcher的源代码工程在packages/apps/Launcher2目录下,负责启动其它应用程序的源代码实现在src/com/android/launcher2/Launcher.java文件中:

  1. /**
  2. * Default launcher application.
  3. */
  4. public final class Launcher extends Activity
  5. implements View.OnClickListener, OnLongClickListener, LauncherModel.Callbacks, AllAppsView.Watcher {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. /**
  10. * Launches the intent referred by the clicked shortcut.
  11. *
  12. * @param v The view representing the clicked shortcut.
  13. */
  14. public void onClick(View v) {
  15. Object tag = v.getTag();
  16. if (tag instanceof ShortcutInfo) {
  17. // Open shortcut
  18. final Intent intent = ((ShortcutInfo) tag).intent;
  19. int[] pos = new int[2];
  20. v.getLocationOnScreen(pos);
  21. intent.setSourceBounds(new Rect(pos[0], pos[1],
  22. pos[0] + v.getWidth(), pos[1] + v.getHeight()));
  23. startActivitySafely(intent, tag);
  24. } else if (tag instanceof FolderInfo) {
  25. ......
  26. } else if (v == mHandleView) {
  27. ......
  28. }
  29. }
  30.  
  31. void startActivitySafely(Intent intent, Object tag) {
  32. intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
  33. try {
  34. startActivity(intent);
  35. } catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
  36. ......
  37. } catch (SecurityException e) {
  38. ......
  39. }
  40. }
  41.  
  42. ......
  43.  
  44. }
    MainActivity在AndroidManifest.xml文件中是这样配置的:
  1. <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
  2. android:label="@string/app_name">
  3. <intent-filter>
  4. <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
  5. <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
  6. </intent-filter>
  7. </activity>
    因此,这里的intent包含的信息为:action = "android.intent.action.Main",category="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER",表示它要启动的Activity为MainActivity。Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK表示要在一个新的Task中启动这个Activity,注意,Task是Android系统中的概念,它不同于进程Process的概念。简单地说,一个Task是一系列Activity的集合,这个集合是以堆栈的形式来组织的,遵循后进先出的原则。

Step 2. Activity.startActivity

  在Step 1中,我们看到,Launcher继承于Activity类,而Activity类实现了startActivity函数,因此,这里就调用了Activity.startActivity函数。

  它实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java文件中:

  1. public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
  2. implements LayoutInflater.Factory,
  3. Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
  4. OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks {
  5.  
  6. ......
  7.  
  8. @Override
  9. public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
  10. startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
  11. }
  12.  
  13. ......
  14.  
  15. }

Step 3. Activity.startActivityForResult

  这个函数也是实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java文件中:
  1. public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
  2. implements LayoutInflater.Factory,
  3. Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
  4. OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks {
  5.  
  6. ......
  7.  
  8. public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode) {
  9. if (mParent == null) {
  10. Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
  11. mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
  12. this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
  13. intent, requestCode);
  14. ......
  15. } else {
  16. ......
  17. }
  18.  
  19. ......
  20.  
  21. }
  这里的mInstrumentation是Activity类的成员变量,它的类型是Intrumentation,定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java文件中,它用来监控应用程序和系统的交互

  这里的mMainThread也是Activity类的成员变量,它的类型是ActivityThread,它代表的是应用程序的主线程。这里通过mMainThread.getApplicationThread获得它里面的ApplicationThread成员变量,它是一个Binder对象,后面会看到,ActivityManagerService会使用它来和ActivityThread来进行进程间通信。

  这里我们需注意的是,这里的mMainThread代表的是Launcher应用程序运行的进程。

  这里的mToken也是Activity类的成员变量,它是一个Binder对象的远程接口。

Step 4. Instrumentation.execStartActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java文件中:
  1. public class Instrumentation {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
  6. Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
  7. Intent intent, int requestCode) {
  8. IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
  9. if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
  10. ......
  11. }
  12. try {
  13. int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
  14. .startActivity(whoThread, intent,
  15. intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
  16. null, 0, token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
  17. requestCode, false, false);
  18. ......
  19. } catch (RemoteException e) {
  20. }
  21. return null;
  22. }
  23.  
  24. ......
  25.  
  26. }

  这里的ActivityManagerNative.getDefault返回ActivityManagerService的远程接口,即ActivityManagerProxy接口

  这里的intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded返回这个intent的MIME类型,在这个例子中,没有AndroidManifest.xml设置MainActivity的MIME类型,因此,这里返回null。

Step 5. ActivityManagerProxy.startActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:
  1. class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
  2. {
  3.  
  4. ......
  5.  
  6. public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent,
  7. String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode,
  8. IBinder resultTo, String resultWho,
  9. int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
  10. boolean debug) throws RemoteException {
  11. Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
  12. Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
  13. data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
  14. data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
  15. intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
  16. data.writeString(resolvedType);
  17. data.writeTypedArray(grantedUriPermissions, 0);
  18. data.writeInt(grantedMode);
  19. data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
  20. data.writeString(resultWho);
  21. data.writeInt(requestCode);
  22. data.writeInt(onlyIfNeeded ? 1 : 0);
  23. data.writeInt(debug ? 1 : 0);
  24. mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
  25. reply.readException();
  26. int result = reply.readInt();
  27. reply.recycle();
  28. data.recycle();
  29. return result;
  30. }
  31.  
  32. ......
  33.  
  34. }

  从上面的调用可以知道,这里的参数

  1. resolvedType、grantedUriPermissions和resultWho均为null;
  2. 参数caller为ApplicationThread类型的Binder实体;
  3. 参数resultTo为一个Binder实体的远程接口,先不关注它;
  4. 参数grantedMode为0,也先不关注它;
  5. 参数requestCode为-1;
  6. 参数onlyIfNeeded和debug均空false。

Step 6. ActivityManagerService.startActivity

  上一步Step 5通过Binder驱动程序就进入到ActivityManagerService的startActivity函数来了,它定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
  2. implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
  3.  
  4. ......
  5.  
  6. public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller,
  7. Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
  8. int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo,
  9. String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
  10. boolean debug) {
  11. return mMainStack.startActivityMayWait(caller, intent, resolvedType,
  12. grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, resultTo, resultWho,
  13. requestCode, onlyIfNeeded, debug, null, null);
  14. }
  15.  
  16. ......
  17.  
  18. }

  这里只是简单地将操作转发给成员变量mMainStack的startActivityMayWait函数。

  这里的mMainStack的类型为ActivityStack。

Step 7. ActivityStack.startActivityMayWait

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:
  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller,
  6. Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
  7. int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo,
  8. String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
  9. boolean debug, WaitResult outResult, Configuration config) {
  10.  
  11. ......
  12.  
  13. boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null;
  14.  
  15. // Don't modify the client's object!
  16. intent = new Intent(intent);
  17.  
  18. // Collect information about the target of the Intent.
  19. ActivityInfo aInfo;
  20. try {
  21. ResolveInfo rInfo =
  22. AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
  23. intent, resolvedType,
  24. PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
  25. | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS);
  26. aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
  27. } catch (RemoteException e) {
  28. ......
  29. }
  30.  
  31. if (aInfo != null) {
  32. // Store the found target back into the intent, because now that
  33. // we have it we never want to do this again. For example, if the
  34. // user navigates back to this point in the history, we should
  35. // always restart the exact same activity.
  36. intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(
  37. aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, aInfo.name));
  38. ......
  39. }
  40.  
  41. synchronized (mService) {
  42. int callingPid;
  43. int callingUid;
  44. if (caller == null) {
  45. ......
  46. } else {
  47. callingPid = callingUid = -1;
  48. }
  49.  
  50. mConfigWillChange = config != null
  51. && mService.mConfiguration.diff(config) != 0;
  52.  
  53. ......
  54.  
  55. if (mMainStack && aInfo != null &&
  56. (aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) {
  57.  
  58. ......
  59.  
  60. }
  61.  
  62. int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType,
  63. grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, aInfo,
  64. resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid, callingUid,
  65. onlyIfNeeded, componentSpecified);
  66.  
  67. if (mConfigWillChange && mMainStack) {
  68. ......
  69. }
  70.  
  71. ......
  72.  
  73. if (outResult != null) {
  74. ......
  75. }
  76.  
  77. return res;
  78. }
  79.  
  80. }
  81.  
  82. ......
  83.  
  84. }

  注意,从Step 6传下来的参数outResult和config均为null

  此外,表达式(aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0为false

  下面语句对参数intent的内容进行解析,得到MainActivity的相关信息,保存在aInfo变量中:

  1. ActivityInfo aInfo;
  2. try {
  3. ResolveInfo rInfo =
  4. AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
  5. intent, resolvedType,
  6. PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
  7. | ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS);
  8. aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
  9. } catch (RemoteException e) {
  10. ......
  11. }

  解析之后,得到的aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName和aInfo.name即为配置文件AndroidManifest.xml里面配置的参数。

  此外,函数开始的地方调用intent.getComponent()函数的返回值不为null,因此,这里的componentSpecified变量为true。

  接下去就调用startActivityLocked进一步处理了。

Step 8. ActivityStack.startActivityLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:
  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller,
  6. Intent intent, String resolvedType,
  7. Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
  8. int grantedMode, ActivityInfo aInfo, IBinder resultTo,
  9. String resultWho, int requestCode,
  10. int callingPid, int callingUid, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
  11. boolean componentSpecified) {
  12. int err = START_SUCCESS;
  13.  
  14. ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
  15. if (caller != null) {
  16. callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
  17. if (callerApp != null) {
  18. callingPid = callerApp.pid;
  19. callingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
  20. } else {
  21. ......
  22. }
  23. }
  24.  
  25. ......
  26.  
  27. ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null;
  28. ActivityRecord resultRecord = null;
  29. if (resultTo != null) {
  30. int index = indexOfTokenLocked(resultTo);
  31.  
  32. ......
  33.  
  34. if (index >= 0) {
  35. sourceRecord = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index);
  36. if (requestCode >= 0 && !sourceRecord.finishing) {
  37. ......
  38. }
  39. }
  40. }
  41.  
  42. int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
  43.  
  44. if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT) != 0
  45. && sourceRecord != null) {
  46. ......
  47. }
  48.  
  49. if (err == START_SUCCESS && intent.getComponent() == null) {
  50. ......
  51. }
  52.  
  53. if (err == START_SUCCESS && aInfo == null) {
  54. ......
  55. }
  56.  
  57. if (err != START_SUCCESS) {
  58. ......
  59. }
  60.  
  61. ......
  62.  
  63. ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid,
  64. intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration,
  65. resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified);
  66.  
  67. ......
  68.  
  69. return startActivityUncheckedLocked(r, sourceRecord,
  70. grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, onlyIfNeeded, true);
  71. }
  72.  
  73. ......
  74.  
  75. }

  从传进来的参数caller得到调用者的进程信息,并保存在callerApp变量中,这里就是Launcher应用程序的进程信息了。

  前面说过,参数resultTo是Launcher这个Activity里面的一个Binder对象,通过它可以获得Launcher这个Activity的相关信息,保存在sourceRecord变量中。

  再接下来,创建即将要启动的Activity的相关信息,并保存在r变量中:

  1. ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid,
  2. intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration,
  3. resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified);

  接着调用startActivityUncheckedLocked函数进行下一步操作。

Step 9. ActivityStack.startActivityUncheckedLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:
  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. final int startActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord r,
  6. ActivityRecord sourceRecord, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
  7. int grantedMode, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean doResume) {
  8. final Intent intent = r.intent;
  9. final int callingUid = r.launchedFromUid;
  10.  
  11. int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
  12.  
  13. // We'll invoke onUserLeaving before onPause only if the launching
  14. // activity did not explicitly state that this is an automated launch.
  15. mUserLeaving = (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION) == 0;
  16.  
  17. ......
  18.  
  19. ActivityRecord notTop = (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP)
  20. != 0 ? r : null;
  21.  
  22. // If the onlyIfNeeded flag is set, then we can do this if the activity
  23. // being launched is the same as the one making the call... or, as
  24. // a special case, if we do not know the caller then we count the
  25. // current top activity as the caller.
  26. if (onlyIfNeeded) {
  27. ......
  28. }
  29.  
  30. if (sourceRecord == null) {
  31. ......
  32. } else if (sourceRecord.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
  33. ......
  34. } else if (r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
  35. || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK) {
  36. ......
  37. }
  38.  
  39. if (r.resultTo != null && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
  40. ......
  41. }
  42.  
  43. boolean addingToTask = false;
  44. if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
  45. (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
  46. || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
  47. || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
  48. // If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and
  49. // we can find a task that was started with this same
  50. // component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
  51. if (r.resultTo == null) {
  52. // See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is
  53. // a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
  54. // instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
  55. // unique task, so we do a special search.
  56. ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
  57. ? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info)
  58. : findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
  59. if (taskTop != null) {
  60. ......
  61. }
  62. }
  63. }
  64.  
  65. ......
  66.  
  67. if (r.packageName != null) {
  68. // If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
  69. // at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
  70. // once.
  71. ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
  72. if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) {
  73. if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) {
  74. ......
  75. }
  76. }
  77.  
  78. } else {
  79. ......
  80. }
  81.  
  82. boolean newTask = false;
  83.  
  84. // Should this be considered a new task?
  85. if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask
  86. && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
  87. // todo: should do better management of integers.
  88. mService.mCurTask++;
  89. if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) {
  90. mService.mCurTask = 1;
  91. }
  92. r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent,
  93. (r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0);
  94. ......
  95. newTask = true;
  96. if (mMainStack) {
  97. mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task);
  98. }
  99.  
  100. } else if (sourceRecord != null) {
  101. ......
  102. } else {
  103. ......
  104. }
  105.  
  106. ......
  107.  
  108. startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume);
  109. return START_SUCCESS;
  110. }
  111.  
  112. ......
  113.  
  114. }

  函数首先获得intent的标志值,保存在launchFlags变量中。

  这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION没有置位,因此 ,成员变量mUserLeaving的值为true。

  这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP也没有置位,因此,变量notTop的值为null。

  由于例子的AndroidManifest.xml文件中,MainActivity没有配置launchMode属值,因此,这里的r.launchMode为默认值0,表示以标准(Standard,或者称为ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_MULTIPLE)的方式来启动这个Activity。
  Activity的启动方式有四种,其余三种分别是ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE、ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK和ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP

传进来的参数r.resultTo为null,表示Launcher不需要等这个即将要启动的MainActivity的执行结果。

  由于这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK被置位,而且Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK没有置位,因此,下面的if语句会被执行:

  1. if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
  2. (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
  3. || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
  4. || r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
  5. // If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and
  6. // we can find a task that was started with this same
  7. // component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
  8. if (r.resultTo == null) {
  9. // See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is
  10. // a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
  11. // instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
  12. // unique task, so we do a special search.
  13. ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
  14. ? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info)
  15. : findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
  16. if (taskTop != null) {
  17. ......
  18. }
  19. }
  20. }

  这段代码的逻辑是:

  查看一下,当前有没有Task可以用来执行这个Activity。由于r.launchMode的值不为ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE,因此,它通过findTaskLocked函数来查找存不存这样的Task,这里返回的结果是null,即taskTop为null,因此,需要创建一个新的Task来启动这个Activity。

  接着往下看:

  1. if (r.packageName != null) {
  2. // If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
  3. // at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
  4. // once.
  5. ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
  6. if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) {
  7. if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) {
  8. ......
  9. }
  10. }
  11.  
  12. }

  这段代码的逻辑是:

  看一下当前在堆栈顶端的Activity是否就是即将要启动的Activity,有些情况下,如果即将要启动的Activity就在堆栈的顶端,那么,就不会重新启动这个Activity的别一个实例了。

  现在处理堆栈顶端的Activity是Launcher,与我们即将要启动的MainActivity不是同一个Activity,因此,这里不用进一步处理上述介绍的情况。

  执行到这里,我们知道,要在一个新的Task里面来启动这个Activity了,于是新创建一个Task:

  1. if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask
  2. && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
  3. // todo: should do better management of integers.
  4. mService.mCurTask++;
  5. if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) {
  6. mService.mCurTask = 1;
  7. }
  8. r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent,
  9. (r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0);
  10. ......
  11. newTask = true;
  12. if (mMainStack) {
  13. mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task);
  14. }
  15.  
  16. }

  新建的Task保存在r.task域中,同时,添加到mService中去,这里的mService就是ActivityManagerService了。

  最后就进入startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume)进一步处理了。这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void startActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean newTask,
  6. boolean doResume) {
  7. final int NH = mHistory.size();
  8.  
  9. int addPos = -1;
  10.  
  11. if (!newTask) {
  12. ......
  13. }
  14.  
  15. // Place a new activity at top of stack, so it is next to interact
  16. // with the user.
  17. if (addPos < 0) {
  18. addPos = NH;
  19. }
  20.  
  21. // If we are not placing the new activity frontmost, we do not want
  22. // to deliver the onUserLeaving callback to the actual frontmost
  23. // activity
  24. if (addPos < NH) {
  25. ......
  26. }
  27.  
  28. // Slot the activity into the history stack and proceed
  29. mHistory.add(addPos, r);
  30. r.inHistory = true;
  31. r.frontOfTask = newTask;
  32. r.task.numActivities++;
  33. if (NH > 0) {
  34. // We want to show the starting preview window if we are
  35. // switching to a new task, or the next activity's process is
  36. // not currently running.
  37. ......
  38. } else {
  39. // If this is the first activity, don't do any fancy animations,
  40. // because there is nothing for it to animate on top of.
  41. ......
  42. }
  43.  
  44. ......
  45.  
  46. if (doResume) {
  47. resumeTopActivityLocked(null);
  48. }
  49. }
  50.  
  51. ......
  52.  
  53. }
  这里的NH表示当前系统中历史任务的个数,这里肯定是大于0,因为Launcher已经跑起来了。当NH>0时,并且现在要切换新任务时,要做一些任务切换的界面操作,这里不会影响到下面启Activity的过程,有兴趣的童鞋可以自己研究一下。

  这里传进来的参数doResume为true,于是调用resumeTopActivityLocked进一步操作。  

Step 10. Activity.resumeTopActivityLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:
  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. /**
  6. * Ensure that the top activity in the stack is resumed.
  7. *
  8. * @param prev The previously resumed activity, for when in the process
  9. * of pausing; can be null to call from elsewhere.
  10. *
  11. * @return Returns true if something is being resumed, or false if
  12. * nothing happened.
  13. */
  14. final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {
  15. // Find the first activity that is not finishing.
  16. ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);
  17.  
  18. // Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure
  19. // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding.
  20. final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving;
  21. mUserLeaving = false;
  22.  
  23. if (next == null) {
  24. ......
  25. }
  26.  
  27. next.delayedResume = false;
  28.  
  29. // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
  30. if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
  31. ......
  32. }
  33.  
  34. // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
  35. // activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
  36. if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
  37. && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
  38. ......
  39. }
  40.  
  41. ......
  42.  
  43. // If we are currently pausing an activity, then don't do anything
  44. // until that is done.
  45. if (mPausingActivity != null) {
  46. ......
  47. }
  48.  
  49. ......
  50.  
  51. // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one
  52. // can be resumed...
  53. if (mResumedActivity != null) {
  54. ......
  55. startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false);
  56. return true;
  57. }
  58.  
  59. ......
  60. }
  61.  
  62. ......
  63.  
  64. }

  函数先通过调用topRunningActivityLocked函数获得堆栈顶端的Activity,这里就是MainActivity了,这是在上面的Step 9设置好的,保存在next变量中。

  接下来把mUserLeaving的保存在本地变量userLeaving中,然后重新设置为false,在上面的Step 9中,mUserLeaving的值为true,因此,这里的userLeaving为true。

  这里的mResumedActivity为Launcher,因为Launcher是当前正被执行的Activity。

  当我们处理休眠状态时,mLastPausedActivity保存堆栈顶端的Activity,因为当前不是休眠状态,所以mLastPausedActivity为null。

  有了这些信息之后,下面的语句就容易理解了:

  1. // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
  2. if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
  3. ......
  4. }
  5.  
  6. // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
  7. // activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
  8. if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
  9. && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
  10. ......
  11. }

  它首先看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处理Resumed状态的Activity,如果是的话,那就什么都不用做,直接返回就可以了;否则再看一下系统当前是否休眠状态,如果是的话,再看看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处于堆栈顶端的Activity,如果是的话,也是什么都不用做。

  上面两个条件都不满足,因此,在继续往下执行之前,首先要把当处于Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态,然后才可以启动新的Activity。但是在将当前这个Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态之前,首先要看一下当前是否有Activity正在进入Pausing状态,如果有的话,当前这个Resumed状态的Activity就要稍后才能进入Paused状态了,这样就保证了所有需要进入Paused状态的Activity串行处理。

  这里没有处于Pausing状态的Activity,即mPausingActivity为null,而且mResumedActivity也不为null,于是就调用startPausingLocked函数把Launcher推入Paused状态去了。

Step 11. ActivityStack.startPausingLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:
  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void startPausingLocked(boolean userLeaving, boolean uiSleeping) {
  6. if (mPausingActivity != null) {
  7. ......
  8. }
  9. ActivityRecord prev = mResumedActivity;
  10. if (prev == null) {
  11. ......
  12. }
  13. ......
  14. mResumedActivity = null;
  15. mPausingActivity = prev;
  16. mLastPausedActivity = prev;
  17. prev.state = ActivityState.PAUSING;
  18. ......
  19.  
  20. if (prev.app != null && prev.app.thread != null) {
  21. ......
  22. try {
  23. ......
  24. prev.app.thread.schedulePauseActivity(prev, prev.finishing, userLeaving,
  25. prev.configChangeFlags);
  26. ......
  27. } catch (Exception e) {
  28. ......
  29. }
  30. } else {
  31. ......
  32. }
  33.  
  34. ......
  35.  
  36. }
  37.  
  38. ......
  39.  
  40. }

  函数首先把mResumedActivity保存在本地变量prev中。在上一步Step 10中,说到mResumedActivity就是Launcher,因此,这里把Launcher进程中的ApplicationThread对象取出来,通过它来通知Launcher这个Activity它要进入Paused状态了。当然,这里的prev.app.thread是一个ApplicationThread对象的远程接口,通过调用这个远程接口的schedulePauseActivity来通知Launcher进入Paused状态。

  参数prev.finishing表示prev所代表的Activity是否正在等待结束的Activity列表中,由于Laucher这个Activity还没结束,所以这里为false;参数prev.configChangeFlags表示哪些config发生了变化,这里我们不关心它的值。

Step 12. ApplicationThreadProxy.schedulePauseActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中:
  1. class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
  6. boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) throws RemoteException {
  7. Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
  8. data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
  9. data.writeStrongBinder(token);
  10. data.writeInt(finished ? 1 : 0);
  11. data.writeInt(userLeaving ? 1 :0);
  12. data.writeInt(configChanges);
  13. mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_PAUSE_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null,
  14. IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
  15. data.recycle();
  16. }
  17.  
  18. ......
  19.  
  20. }

  这个函数通过Binder进程间通信机制进入到ApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity函数中。

Step 13. ApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中,它是ActivityThread的内部类:
  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
  10. boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) {
  11. queueOrSendMessage(
  12. finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
  13. token,
  14. (userLeaving ? 1 : 0),
  15. configChanges);
  16. }
  17.  
  18. ......
  19.  
  20. }
  21.  
  22. ......
  23.  
  24. }

  这里调用的函数queueOrSendMessage是ActivityThread类的成员函数。

  上面说到,这里的finished值为false,因此,queueOrSendMessage的第一个参数值为H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,表示要暂停token所代表的Activity,即Launcher。

Step 14. ActivityThread.queueOrSendMessage

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1) {
  6. queueOrSendMessage(what, obj, arg1, 0);
  7. }
  8.  
  9. private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) {
  10. synchronized (this) {
  11. ......
  12. Message msg = Message.obtain();
  13. msg.what = what;
  14. msg.obj = obj;
  15. msg.arg1 = arg1;
  16. msg.arg2 = arg2;
  17. mH.sendMessage(msg);
  18. }
  19. }
  20.  
  21. ......
  22.  
  23. }

  这里首先将相关信息组装成一个msg,然后通过mH成员变量发送出去,mH的类型是H,继承于Handler类,是ActivityThread的内部类,因此,这个消息最后由H.handleMessage来处理。

Step 15. H.handleMessage

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final class H extends Handler {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
  10. ......
  11. switch (msg.what) {
  12.  
  13. ......
  14.  
  15. case PAUSE_ACTIVITY:
  16. handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, msg.arg1 != 0, msg.arg2);
  17. maybeSnapshot();
  18. break;
  19.  
  20. ......
  21.  
  22. }
  23. ......
  24.  
  25. }
  26.  
  27. ......
  28.  
  29. }

  这里调用ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity进一步操作,msg.obj是一个ActivityRecord对象的引用,它代表的是Launcher这个Activity。

Step 16. ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
  6. boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) {
  7.  
  8. ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
  9. if (r != null) {
  10. //Slog.v(TAG, "userLeaving=" + userLeaving + " handling pause of " + r);
  11. if (userLeaving) {
  12. performUserLeavingActivity(r);
  13. }
  14.  
  15. r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges;
  16. Bundle state = performPauseActivity(token, finished, true);
  17.  
  18. // Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
  19. QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
  20.  
  21. // Tell the activity manager we have paused.
  22. try {
  23. ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token, state);
  24. } catch (RemoteException ex) {
  25. }
  26. }
  27. }
  28.  
  29. ......
  30.  
  31. }

  函数首先将Binder引用token转换成ActivityRecord的远程接口ActivityClientRecord,然后做了三个事情

  1. 如果userLeaving为true,则通过调用performUserLeavingActivity函数来调用Activity.onUserLeaveHint通知Activity,用户要离开它了;
  2. 调用performPauseActivity函数来调用Activity.onPause函数,我们知道,在Activity的生命周期中,当它要让位于其它的Activity时,系统就会调用它的onPause函数;
  3. 它通知ActivityManagerService,这个Activity已经进入Paused状态了,ActivityManagerService现在可以完成未竟的事情,即启动MainActivity了。

Step 17. ActivityManagerProxy.activityPaused

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:

  1. class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
  2. {
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. public void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle state) throws RemoteException
  6. {
  7. Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
  8. Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
  9. data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
  10. data.writeStrongBinder(token);
  11. data.writeBundle(state);
  12. mRemote.transact(ACTIVITY_PAUSED_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
  13. reply.readException();
  14. data.recycle();
  15. reply.recycle();
  16. }
  17.  
  18. ......
  19.  
  20. }

  这里通过Binder进程间通信机制就进入到ActivityManagerService.activityPaused函数中去了。

Step 18. ActivityManagerService.activityPaused

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
  2. implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. public final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle) {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
  10. mMainStack.activityPaused(token, icicle, false);
  11.  
  12. ......
  13. }
  14.  
  15. ......
  16.  
  17. }

  这里,又再次进入到ActivityStack类中,执行activityPaused函数。

Step 19. ActivityStack.activityPaused

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle, boolean timeout) {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. ActivityRecord r = null;
  10.  
  11. synchronized (mService) {
  12. int index = indexOfTokenLocked(token);
  13. if (index >= 0) {
  14. r = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index);
  15. if (!timeout) {
  16. r.icicle = icicle;
  17. r.haveState = true;
  18. }
  19. mHandler.removeMessages(PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
  20. if (mPausingActivity == r) {
  21. r.state = ActivityState.PAUSED;
  22. completePauseLocked();
  23. } else {
  24. ......
  25. }
  26. }
  27. }
  28. }
  29.  
  30. ......
  31.  
  32. }

  这里通过参数token在mHistory列表中得到ActivityRecord,从上面我们知道,这个ActivityRecord代表的是Launcher这个Activity,而我们在Step 11中,把Launcher这个Activity的信息保存在mPausingActivity中,因此,这里mPausingActivity等于r,于是,执行completePauseLocked操作。

Step 20. ActivityStack.completePauseLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void completePauseLocked() {
  6. ActivityRecord prev = mPausingActivity;
  7.  
  8. ......
  9.  
  10. if (prev != null) {
  11.  
  12. ......
  13.  
  14. mPausingActivity = null;
  15. }
  16.  
  17. if (!mService.mSleeping && !mService.mShuttingDown) {
  18. resumeTopActivityLocked(prev);
  19. } else {
  20. ......
  21. }
  22.  
  23. ......
  24. }
  25.  
  26. ......
  27.  
  28. }

  函数首先把mPausingActivity变量清空,因为现在不需要它了,然后调用resumeTopActivityLokced进一步操作,它传入的参数即为代表Launcher这个Activity的ActivityRecord。

Step 21. ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityLokced

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {
  6. ......
  7.  
  8. // Find the first activity that is not finishing.
  9. ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);
  10.  
  11. // Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure
  12. // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding.
  13. final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving;
  14. mUserLeaving = false;
  15.  
  16. ......
  17.  
  18. next.delayedResume = false;
  19.  
  20. // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
  21. if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
  22. ......
  23. return false;
  24. }
  25.  
  26. // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
  27. // activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
  28. if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
  29. && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
  30. ......
  31. return false;
  32. }
  33.  
  34. .......
  35.  
  36. // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one
  37. // can be resumed...
  38. if (mResumedActivity != null) {
  39. ......
  40. return true;
  41. }
  42.  
  43. ......
  44.  
  45. if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) {
  46. ......
  47.  
  48. } else {
  49. ......
  50. startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
  51. }
  52.  
  53. return true;
  54. }
  55.  
  56. ......
  57.  
  58. }

  通过上面的Step 9,我们知道,当前在堆栈顶端的Activity为我们即将要启动的MainActivity,这里通过调用topRunningActivityLocked将它取回来,保存在next变量中。之前最后一个Resumed状态的Activity,即Launcher,到了这里已经处于Paused状态了,因此,mResumedActivity为null。最后一个处于Paused状态的Activity为Launcher,因此,这里的mLastPausedActivity就为Launcher。前面我们为MainActivity创建了ActivityRecord后,它的app域一直保持为null。有了这些信息后,上面这段代码就容易理解了,它最终调用startSpecificActivityLocked进行下一步操作。

Step 22. ActivityStack.startSpecificActivityLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
  6. boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
  7. // Is this activity's application already running?
  8. ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
  9. r.info.applicationInfo.uid);
  10.  
  11. ......
  12.  
  13. if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
  14. try {
  15. realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
  16. return;
  17. } catch (RemoteException e) {
  18. ......
  19. }
  20. }
  21.  
  22. mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
  23. "activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false);
  24. }
  25.  
  26. ......
  27.  
  28. }

  注意,这里由于是第一次启动应用程序的Activity,所以下面语句:

  1. ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
  2. r.info.applicationInfo.uid);

  取回来的app为null。

  在Activity应用程序中的AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中,我们没有指定Application标签的process属性,系统就会默认使用package的名称。

  每一个应用程序都有自己的uid,因此,这里uid + process的组合就可以为每一个应用程序创建一个ProcessRecord。当然,我们可以配置两个应用程序具有相同的uid和package,或者在AndroidManifest.xml配置文件的application标签或者activity标签中显式指定相同的process属性值,这样,不同的应用程序也可以在同一个进程中启动。

  函数最终执行ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked函数进行下一步操作。

Step 23. ActivityManagerService.startProcessLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
  2. implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
  3.  
  4. ......
  5.  
  6. final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,
  7. ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,
  8. String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName, boolean allowWhileBooting) {
  9.  
  10. ProcessRecord app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid);
  11.  
  12. ......
  13.  
  14. String hostingNameStr = hostingName != null
  15. ? hostingName.flattenToShortString() : null;
  16.  
  17. ......
  18.  
  19. if (app == null) {
  20. app = new ProcessRecordLocked(null, info, processName);
  21. mProcessNames.put(processName, info.uid, app);
  22. } else {
  23. // If this is a new package in the process, add the package to the list
  24. app.addPackage(info.packageName);
  25. }
  26.  
  27. ......
  28.  
  29. startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr);
  30. return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null;
  31. }
  32.  
  33. ......
  34.  
  35. }

  这里再次检查是否已经有以process + uid命名的进程存在,在我们这个情景中,返回值app为null,因此,后面会创建一个ProcessRecord,并保存在成员变量mProcessNames中,最后,调用另一个startProcessLocked函数进一步操作:

  1. public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
  2. implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
  3.  
  4. ......
  5.  
  6. private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app,
  7. String hostingType, String hostingNameStr) {
  8.  
  9. ......
  10.  
  11. try {
  12. int uid = app.info.uid;
  13. int[] gids = null;
  14. try {
  15. gids = mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageGids(
  16. app.info.packageName);
  17. } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
  18. ......
  19. }
  20.  
  21. ......
  22.  
  23. int debugFlags = 0;
  24.  
  25. ......
  26.  
  27. int pid = Process.start("android.app.ActivityThread",
  28. mSimpleProcessManagement ? app.processName : null, uid, uid,
  29. gids, debugFlags, null);
  30.  
  31. ......
  32.  
  33. } catch (RuntimeException e) {
  34.  
  35. ......
  36.  
  37. }
  38. }
  39.  
  40. ......
  41.  
  42. }

  这里主要是调用Process.start接口来创建一个新的进程,新的进程会导入android.app.ActivityThread类,并且执行它的main函数,这就是为什么我们前面说每一个应用程序都有一个ActivityThread实例来对应的原因。

Step 24. ActivityThread.main

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void attach(boolean system) {
  6. ......
  7.  
  8. mSystemThread = system;
  9. if (!system) {
  10.  
  11. ......
  12.  
  13. IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
  14. try {
  15. mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
  16. } catch (RemoteException ex) {
  17. }
  18. } else {
  19.  
  20. ......
  21.  
  22. }
  23. }
  24.  
  25. ......
  26.  
  27. public static final void main(String[] args) {
  28.  
  29. .......
  30.  
  31. ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
  32. thread.attach(false);
  33.  
  34. ......
  35.  
  36. Looper.loop();
  37.  
  38. .......
  39.  
  40. thread.detach();
  41.  
  42. ......
  43. }
  44. }
  这个函数在进程中创建一个ActivityThread实例,然后调用它的attach函数,接着就进入消息循环了,直到最后进程退出。

  函数attach最终调用了ActivityManagerService的远程接口ActivityManagerProxy的attachApplication函数,传入的参数是mAppThread,这是一个ApplicationThread类型的Binder对象,它的作用是用来进行进程间通信的。

Step 25. ActivityManagerProxy.attachApplication

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中:

  1. class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
  2. {
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. public void attachApplication(IApplicationThread app) throws RemoteException
  6. {
  7. Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
  8. Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
  9. data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
  10. data.writeStrongBinder(app.asBinder());
  11. mRemote.transact(ATTACH_APPLICATION_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
  12. reply.readException();
  13. data.recycle();
  14. reply.recycle();
  15. }
  16.  
  17. ......
  18.  
  19. }

  这里通过Binder驱动程序,最后进入ActivityManagerService的attachApplication函数中。

Step 26. ActivityManagerService.attachApplication

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
  2. implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
  3.  
  4. ......
  5.  
  6. public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
  7. synchronized (this) {
  8. int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
  9. final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
  10. attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
  11. Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
  12. }
  13. }
  14.  
  15. ......
  16.  
  17. }

  这里将操作转发给attachApplicationLocked函数。

Step 27. ActivityManagerService.attachApplicationLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
  2. implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
  3.  
  4. ......
  5.  
  6. private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
  7. int pid) {
  8. // Find the application record that is being attached... either via
  9. // the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the
  10. // next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads.
  11. ProcessRecord app;
  12. if (pid != MY_PID && pid >= 0) {
  13. synchronized (mPidsSelfLocked) {
  14. app = mPidsSelfLocked.get(pid);
  15. }
  16. } else if (mStartingProcesses.size() > 0) {
  17. ......
  18. } else {
  19. ......
  20. }
  21.  
  22. if (app == null) {
  23. ......
  24. return false;
  25. }
  26.  
  27. ......
  28.  
  29. String processName = app.processName;
  30. try {
  31. thread.asBinder().linkToDeath(new AppDeathRecipient(
  32. app, pid, thread), 0);
  33. } catch (RemoteException e) {
  34. ......
  35. return false;
  36. }
  37.  
  38. ......
  39.  
  40. app.thread = thread;
  41. app.curAdj = app.setAdj = -100;
  42. app.curSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_DEFAULT;
  43. app.setSchedGroup = Process.THREAD_GROUP_BG_NONINTERACTIVE;
  44. app.forcingToForeground = null;
  45. app.foregroundServices = false;
  46. app.debugging = false;
  47.  
  48. ......
  49.  
  50. boolean normalMode = mProcessesReady || isAllowedWhileBooting(app.info);
  51.  
  52. ......
  53.  
  54. boolean badApp = false;
  55. boolean didSomething = false;
  56.  
  57. // See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
  58. ActivityRecord hr = mMainStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null);
  59. if (hr != null && normalMode) {
  60. if (hr.app == null && app.info.uid == hr.info.applicationInfo.uid
  61. && processName.equals(hr.processName)) {
  62. try {
  63. if (mMainStack.realStartActivityLocked(hr, app, true, true)) {
  64. didSomething = true;
  65. }
  66. } catch (Exception e) {
  67. ......
  68. }
  69. } else {
  70. ......
  71. }
  72. }
  73.  
  74. ......
  75.  
  76. return true;
  77. }
  78.  
  79. ......
  80.  
  81. }

  在前面的Step 23中,已经创建了一个ProcessRecord,这里首先通过pid将它取回来,放在app变量中,然后对app的其它成员进行初始化,最后调用mMainStack.realStartActivityLocked执行真正的Activity启动操作。这里要启动的Activity通过调用mMainStack.topRunningActivityLocked(null)从堆栈顶端取回来,这时候在堆栈顶端的Activity就是MainActivity了。

Step 28. ActivityStack.realStartActivityLocked

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中:

  1. public class ActivityStack {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
  6. ProcessRecord app, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig)
  7. throws RemoteException {
  8.  
  9. ......
  10.  
  11. r.app = app;
  12.  
  13. ......
  14.  
  15. int idx = app.activities.indexOf(r);
  16. if (idx < 0) {
  17. app.activities.add(r);
  18. }
  19.  
  20. ......
  21.  
  22. try {
  23. ......
  24.  
  25. List<ResultInfo> results = null;
  26. List<Intent> newIntents = null;
  27. if (andResume) {
  28. results = r.results;
  29. newIntents = r.newIntents;
  30. }
  31.  
  32. ......
  33.  
  34. app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r,
  35. System.identityHashCode(r),
  36. r.info, r.icicle, results, newIntents, !andResume,
  37. mService.isNextTransitionForward());
  38.  
  39. ......
  40.  
  41. } catch (RemoteException e) {
  42. ......
  43. }
  44.  
  45. ......
  46.  
  47. return true;
  48. }
  49.  
  50. ......
  51.  
  52. }

  这里最终通过app.thread进入到ApplicationThreadProxy的scheduleLaunchActivity函数中,注意,这里的第二个参数r,是一个ActivityRecord类型的Binder对象,用来作为这个Activity的token值。

Step 29. ApplicationThreadProxy.scheduleLaunchActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中:

  1. class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
  6. ActivityInfo info, Bundle state, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
  7. List<Intent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward)
  8. throws RemoteException {
  9. Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
  10. data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
  11. intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
  12. data.writeStrongBinder(token);
  13. data.writeInt(ident);
  14. info.writeToParcel(data, 0);
  15. data.writeBundle(state);
  16. data.writeTypedList(pendingResults);
  17. data.writeTypedList(pendingNewIntents);
  18. data.writeInt(notResumed ? 1 : 0);
  19. data.writeInt(isForward ? 1 : 0);
  20. mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_LAUNCH_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null,
  21. IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
  22. data.recycle();
  23. }
  24.  
  25. ......
  26.  
  27. }

  这个函数最终通过Binder驱动程序进入到ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity函数中。

Step 30. ApplicationThread.scheduleLaunchActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. // we use token to identify this activity without having to send the
  10. // activity itself back to the activity manager. (matters more with ipc)
  11. public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
  12. ActivityInfo info, Bundle state, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
  13. List<Intent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward) {
  14. ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
  15.  
  16. r.token = token;
  17. r.ident = ident;
  18. r.intent = intent;
  19. r.activityInfo = info;
  20. r.state = state;
  21.  
  22. r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
  23. r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
  24.  
  25. r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
  26. r.isForward = isForward;
  27.  
  28. queueOrSendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
  29. }
  30.  
  31. ......
  32.  
  33. }
  34.  
  35. ......
  36. }

  函数首先创建一个ActivityClientRecord实例,并且初始化它的成员变量,然后调用ActivityThread类的queueOrSendMessage函数进一步处理。

Step 31. ActivityThread.queueOrSendMessage

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. // if the thread hasn't started yet, we don't have the handler, so just
  10. // save the messages until we're ready.
  11. private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj) {
  12. queueOrSendMessage(what, obj, 0, 0);
  13. }
  14.  
  15. ......
  16.  
  17. private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) {
  18. synchronized (this) {
  19. ......
  20. Message msg = Message.obtain();
  21. msg.what = what;
  22. msg.obj = obj;
  23. msg.arg1 = arg1;
  24. msg.arg2 = arg2;
  25. mH.sendMessage(msg);
  26. }
  27. }
  28.  
  29. ......
  30.  
  31. }
  32.  
  33. ......
  34. }

  函数把消息内容放在msg中,然后通过mH把消息分发出去,这里的成员变量mH我们在前面已经见过,消息分发出去后,最后会调用H类的handleMessage函数。

Step 32. H.handleMessage

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final class H extends Handler {
  6.  
  7. ......
  8.  
  9. public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
  10. ......
  11. switch (msg.what) {
  12. case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
  13. ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;
  14.  
  15. r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
  16. r.activityInfo.applicationInfo);
  17. handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
  18. } break;
  19. ......
  20. }
  21.  
  22. ......
  23.  
  24. }
  25.  
  26. ......
  27. }

  这里最后调用ActivityThread类的handleLaunchActivity函数进一步处理。

Step 33. ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
  6. ......
  7.  
  8. Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
  9.  
  10. if (a != null) {
  11. r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
  12. Bundle oldState = r.state;
  13. handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward);
  14.  
  15. ......
  16. } else {
  17. ......
  18. }
  19. }
  20.  
  21. ......
  22. }

  这里首先调用performLaunchActivity函数来加载这个Activity类,然后调用它的onCreate函数,最后回到handleLaunchActivity函数时,再调用handleResumeActivity函数来使这个Activity进入Resumed状态,即会调用这个Activity的onResume函数,这是遵循Activity的生命周期的。

Step 34. ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity

  这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中:

  1. public final class ActivityThread {
  2.  
  3. ......
  4.  
  5. private final Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
  6.  
  7. ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
  8. if (r.packageInfo == null) {
  9. r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo,
  10. Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
  11. }
  12.  
  13. ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
  14. if (component == null) {
  15. component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
  16. mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
  17. r.intent.setComponent(component);
  18. }
  19.  
  20. if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
  21. component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
  22. r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
  23. }
  24.  
  25. Activity activity = null;
  26. try {
  27. java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
  28. activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
  29. cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
  30. r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
  31. if (r.state != null) {
  32. r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
  33. }
  34. } catch (Exception e) {
  35. ......
  36. }
  37.  
  38. try {
  39. Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
  40.  
  41. ......
  42.  
  43. if (activity != null) {
  44. ContextImpl appContext = new ContextImpl();
  45. appContext.init(r.packageInfo, r.token, this);
  46. appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
  47. CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
  48. Configuration config = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
  49. ......
  50. activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
  51. r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
  52. r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstance,
  53. r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances, config);
  54.  
  55. if (customIntent != null) {
  56. activity.mIntent = customIntent;
  57. }
  58. r.lastNonConfigurationInstance = null;
  59. r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances = null;
  60. activity.mStartedActivity = false;
  61. int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
  62. if (theme != 0) {
  63. activity.setTheme(theme);
  64. }
  65.  
  66. activity.mCalled = false;
  67. mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
  68. ......
  69. r.activity = activity;
  70. r.stopped = true;
  71. if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
  72. activity.performStart();
  73. r.stopped = false;
  74. }
  75. if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
  76. if (r.state != null) {
  77. mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state);
  78. }
  79. }
  80. if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
  81. activity.mCalled = false;
  82. mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state);
  83. if (!activity.mCalled) {
  84. throw new SuperNotCalledException(
  85. "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
  86. " did not call through to super.onPostCreate()");
  87. }
  88. }
  89. }
  90. r.paused = true;
  91.  
  92. mActivities.put(r.token, r);
  93.  
  94. } catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
  95. ......
  96.  
  97. } catch (Exception e) {
  98. ......
  99. }
  100.  
  101. return activity;
  102. }
  103.  
  104. ......
  105. }

  函数前面是收集要启动的Activity的相关信息,主要package和component信息:

  1. ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
  2. if (r.packageInfo == null) {
  3. r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo,
  4. Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
  5. }
  6.  
  7. ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
  8. if (component == null) {
  9. component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
  10. mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
  11. r.intent.setComponent(component);
  12. }
  13.  
  14. if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
  15. component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
  16. r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
  17. }

  然后通过ClassLoader将MainActivity类加载进来:

  1. Activity activity = null;
  2. try {
  3. java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
  4. activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
  5. cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
  6. r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
  7. if (r.state != null) {
  8. r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
  9. }
  10. } catch (Exception e) {
  11. ......
  12. }

  接下来是创建Application对象,这是根据AndroidManifest.xml配置文件中的Application标签的信息来创建的:

  1. Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);

  后面的代码主要创建Activity的上下文信息,并通过attach方法将这些上下文信息设置到MainActivity中去:

  1. activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
  2. r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
  3. r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstance,
  4. r.lastNonConfigurationChildInstances, config);

  最后还要调用MainActivity的onCreate函数:

  1. mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);

  这里不是直接调用MainActivity的onCreate函数,而是通过mInstrumentation的callActivityOnCreate函数来间接调用,前面我们说过,mInstrumentation在这里的作用是监控Activity与系统的交互操作,相当于是系统运行日志。

Step 35. MainActivity.onCreate

  这个函数就是我们自定义的app工程文件。

  这样,MainActivity就启动起来了,整个应用程序也启动起来了。


总结

  整个应用程序的启动过程要执行很多步骤,但是整体来看,主要分为以下五个阶段:

  1. Step1 - Step 11:Launcher通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService,它要启动一个Activity;
  2. Step 12 - Step 16:ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知Launcher进入Paused状态;
  3. Step 17 - Step 24:Launcher通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityManagerService,它已经准备就绪进入Paused状态,于是ActivityManagerService就创建一个新的进程,用来启动一个ActivityThread实例,即将要启动的Activity就是在这个ActivityThread实例中运行;
  4. Step 25 - Step 27:ActivityThread通过Binder进程间通信机制将一个ApplicationThread类型的Binder对象传递给ActivityManagerService,以便以后ActivityManagerService能够通过这个Binder对象和它进行通信;
  5. Step 28 - Step 35:ActivityManagerService通过Binder进程间通信机制通知ActivityThread,现在一切准备就绪,它可以真正执行Activity的启动操作了。
  这样,应用程序的启动过程就介绍完了,它实质上是启动应用程序的默认Activity
 
 

参考文章

  http://blog.csdn.net/luoshengyang/article/details/6689748
 
 

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