Redis 错误:Failed with result 'start-limit-hit'

背景

Redis 版本为 5.0.4;

文件 /etc/systemd/system/redis.service 内容如下:

[Unit]
Description=Redis Datastore Server
After=network.target [Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/redis/redis_6379
User=redis
Group=redis Environment=statedir=/var/run/redis
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p ${statedir}
ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R redis:redis ${statedir}
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli shutdown
Restart=always [Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

运行

在使用 systemctl 启动 Redis 时报错:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start redis

错误日志:

Job for redis-server.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status redis-server.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

根据提示用命令 systemctl status redis-server.service 查看结果如下:

● redis-server.service - Redis Datastore Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/redis-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: start-limit-hit) since Thu 2019-04-18 15:36:10 CST; 5s ago
Process: 8341 ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd (code=exited
Process: 8337 ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R redis:redis ${statedir} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 8333 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p ${statedir} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: Failed to start Redis Datastore Server.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: redis-server.service: Unit entered failed state.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: redis-server.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: redis-server.service: Service hold-off time over, scheduling restart.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: Stopped Redis Datastore Server.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: redis-server.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: Failed to start Redis Datastore Server.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: redis-server.service: Unit entered failed state.
Apr 18 15:36:10 dl26 systemd[1]: redis-server.service: Failed with result 'start-limit-hit'.

发现 ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd 报错,执行该命令出现如下错误日志:

*** FATAL CONFIG FILE ERROR ***
Reading the configuration file, at line 88
>>> 'protected-mode yes'
Bad directive or wrong number of arguments

问题是在处理配置文件时出现参数不匹配现象,原因是因为我在用源码安装 redis 后还用 apt-get install redis 的方法安装了一个旧版本的 redis,在 /usr/bin/ 目录下的 redis-server 不是最新版本,故出现不兼容的问题。

解决方法:

cp -r redis/src/redis-server /usr/bin/redis-server

再次执行:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start redis

仍然报同样的错误,执行/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd,日志如下:

8436:C 18 Apr 2019 15:37:50.558 # Can't chdir to '/home/chenxiang/redis': No such file or directory

发现是目录名称不存在,文件 /etc/redis/redis.conf 中的目录名称为 /home/chenxiang/redis,而实际 redis 目录名称为 /home/chenxiang/redis-5.0.4,修改实际目录名称为 redis 即解决这一问题。

继续运行:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start redis

出现了新的错误:

Job for redis-server.service failed because a timeout was exceeded. See "systemctl status redis-server.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

通过 systemctl status redis-server.service 查看日志信息:

● redis-server.service - Redis Datastore Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/redis-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: activating (start) since Thu 2019-04-18 15:49:48 CST; 1min 21s ago
Process: 8533 ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd (code=exited
Process: 8530 ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R redis:redis ${statedir} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 8527 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p ${statedir} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/redis-server.service
└─8535 /usr/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379 Apr 18 15:49:48 dl26 systemd[1]: Starting Redis Datastore Server...
Apr 18 15:49:48 dl26 redis-server[8533]: 8533:C 18 Apr 2019 15:49:48.250 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is start
Apr 18 15:49:48 dl26 redis-server[8533]: 8533:C 18 Apr 2019 15:49:48.250 # Redis version=5.0.4, bits=64
Apr 18 15:49:48 dl26 redis-server[8533]: 8533:C 18 Apr 2019 15:49:48.250 # Configuration loaded
Apr 18 15:49:48 dl26 redis-server[8533]: 8533:C 18 Apr 2019 15:49:48.250 # systemd supervision requeste
Apr 18 15:49:48 dl26 systemd[1]: redis-server.service: PID file /var/run/redis/redis_6379 not readable

发现 redis-server.service 没有足够的权限访问 /var/run/redis/redis_6379,需要修改/etc/systemd/system/redis.service为:

[Unit]
Description=Redis Datastore Server
After=network.target [Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/redis/redis.pid
User=redis
Group=redis Environment=statedir=/var/run/redis
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p ${statedir}
ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R redis:redis ${statedir}
ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c "echo 6739 > /var/run/redis/redis.pid"
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli shutdown
Restart=always [Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

其中修改两行:PIDFile=/var/run/redis/redis.pid,以及 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c "echo 6739 > /var/run/redis/redis.pid"

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