mysql二进制安装，升级，多实例部署

目标

---

• 理解线上部署考虑的因素
• 学会编译安装以及二进制安装mysql
• 学会升级mysql
• 学会多实例部署mysql数据库
• 学会合理部署mysql线上库

 

考虑因素：

• 版本选择，5.1,5.5还是5.6？
• 分支选择，官方社区版？percona server？mariadb?
• • 推荐官方版，简单易上手
• 安装方式，包安装？二进制包安装？源码安装？
• • 线上推荐二进制包安装
• 路径配置，参数配置（尽量模板化，标准化）
• 一个实例多个库，or多个实例单个库？

 

二进制安装mysql

---

 

1. 下载软件安装包
2. 解压放到指定目录（比如/usr/local）并将mysql目录放到PATH中
3. 初始化实例，编辑配置文件 并启动
4. 账号安全设置

 

 

1)下载

mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-i686

 

2)解压到指定目录，并将mysql目录放到PATH中

 

#tar -zxf mysql-5.5.-linux2.-i686.tar.gz
#mv mysql-5.5.-linux2.-i686  /usr/local/
#cd /usr/local
#mv mysql-5.5.-linux2.-i686 mysql55
#cd mysql55/bin
#export PATH=/usr/local/mysql55/bin:$PATH

3)初始化实例 使用脚本mysql_install_db

 

#mkdir -p /tmp/mysqldata/node1
#/usr/local/mysql55/script/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql55 --datadir=/tmp/mysqldata/node1
#cd /tmp/mysqldata/node1

出现问题1 没有libaio.so.1库

/tmp/mysql55/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决：查询libaio库并按照libaio.so.1

查询

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp$ sudo apt-cache search libaio
libaio-dev - Linux kernel AIO access library - development files
libaio1 - Linux kernel AIO access library - shared library
libaio1-dbg - Linux kernel AIO access library - debugging symbols

安装

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp$ sudo apt-get install libaio1

初始化成功：

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql/data$ ls -l /tmp/mysqldata/node1/
total
drwx------  aiapple aiapple   7月  : mysql
drwx------  aiapple aiapple   7月  : performance_schema
drwx------  aiapple aiapple   7月  : test

拷贝配置文件：support-files中拷贝my-medium.cnf

cp /usr/local/mysql56/support-files/my-medium.cnf /tmp/mysqldata

3)使用mysqld_safe脚本，启动

/usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf &

问题2：没有/usr/local/mysql/data 目录

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql55/support-files$ /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf &
[]
aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql55/support-files$  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err'.
touch: cannot touch ‘/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err’: No such file or directory
chmod: cannot access ‘/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err’: No such file or directory
 :: mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
/usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe: : /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe: cannot create /usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err: Directory nonexistent
^C
[]+  Exit                   /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf

解决：创建目录并赋权

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local$ sudo mkdir -p mysql/data
aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ sudo chown -R aiapple .
aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ sudo chgrp -R aiapple .

问题3：不存/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld 文件

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf &
[]
aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err'.
 :: mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
^C
[]+  Exit                   /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf

怀疑 Ubuntu定死了basedir 在/usr/local/mysql 下

解决：拷贝mysql55中内容到该目录中

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ cp -ar ../mysql55/* .

问题4：mysqld从 /usr/local/mysql/data中启动库文件；

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf &
[]
aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err'.
 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
 :: mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.pid ended

[]+  Done                    /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf
且mysqld没有启动
aiapple@aiapple:~$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
aiapple        : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysqld

 

查看aiapple.err:需要的一些表不在/usr/local/mysql/data

 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
 :: [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.-log) starting as process  ...
 :: [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
 :: [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
 :: InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
 :: InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
 :: InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.
 :: InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
 :: InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
 :: InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
 :: InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn
 ::  InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number
 ::  InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress in percents:
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
 ::  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
 :: InnoDB: 5.5. started; log sequence number
 :: [Note] Recovering after a crash using mysql-bin
 :: [Note] Starting crash recovery...
 :: [Note] Crash recovery finished.
 :: [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port:
 :: [Note]   - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';
 :: [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
 :: [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
 :: mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.pid ended

 

解决：将原初始化的datadir目录中所有拷贝过去

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql/data$ rm -rf test/
aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql/data$ cp -ar /tmp/mysqldata/node1/* .

 

成功安装：

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql/data$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
aiapple        : pts/    :: /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf
aiapple        : pts/    :: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=
aiapple        : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysqld

疑问：

不知是Ubuntu指定了basedir=/usr/local/mysql,datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;还是最开始的初始化没有管用，还是有什么配置没有写在配置文件中。

 

当然是没有写在配置文件中了，可以查看一下my-medium.cnf内容

[client]
#password       = your_password
port            =
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port            =
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache =
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

没有相关目录的配置；

 

增加启动配置参考：mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script

 

在my.cnf 增加一下配置

my.cnf
port            =
socket          = /tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]
user=aiapple

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port            =
socket          = /tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock
pid-file        = /tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysqld.pid
basedir         = /usr/local/mysql55
datadir         = /tmp/mysqldata/node1
innodb_data_home_dir = /tmp/mysqldata/node1
innodb_log_group_home_dir =/tmp/mysqldata/node1
tmpdir          = /tmp/mysqldata/node1
log-error       = /tmp/mysqldata/node1/aiapple.log
log-bin         = /tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql-bin.log
 

重新启动

问题一：配置文件权限太大

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf &
Warning: World-writable config file '/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf' is ignored

解决：降权

aiapple@aiapple:sudo chmod  /tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf

问题二：bin目录未指定

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf &
 :: mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows: ./bin/mysqld_safe&

解决：在配置文件中通过ledir指定bin目录

#my.cnf增加
ledir  =  /usr/local/mysql55

问题三：aiapple.err报错，插件被禁止

 :: [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
 :: InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
 :: InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
 :: InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.
 :: InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
 :: InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

解决：在配置文件中启用，nice=0

#my.cnf增加
nice  =  

4)账号安全设置

 

#删除空用户

mysql -uroot --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
select user,host,password from mysql.user;
delete from mysql.user where user='';
delete from mysql.user where host<>'localhost';

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+----------+
| user | host      | password |
+------+-----------+----------+
| root | localhost |          |
+------+-----------+----------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)

#设置root密码

mysql> set password for root@'localhost'=password('');
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

#使设置生效

flush privileges;

 

#删除test库

 

看看只读权限的test用户能用test库做什么

创建test用户
#mysql -uroot -p123456--socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
grant select on *.* to test@'localhost' identified by '';

使用test用户，在test库中建表
#mysql -utest -p123 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
use test
create table t1(id int);
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t1             |
+----------------+
 row in set (0.01 sec)

删除test库

mysql> drop database test;
Query OK,  row affected (0.01 sec)

 

 

 

mysql升级

---

 

从5.5升级到5.6

1. 下载mysql5.6安装包并配置mysql5.6安装包安装路径
2. 关闭mysql5.5的实例，修改部分参数，使用mysql5.6软件启动
3. 执行mysql5.6路径下mysql_upgrade脚本
4. 验证是否成功升级

MySQL升级

 

1)关闭mysql

查看mysql是否启动

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
aiapple        : pts/    :: /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf
aiapple        : pts/    :: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=
aiapple        : pts/   :: grep --color=auto mysqld

使用mysqladmin工具关闭mysql服务

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ mysqladmin -uroot --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock shutdown -p
Enter password:
 :: mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/aiapple.pid ended
[]+  Done                    /usr/local/mysql55/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf  (wd: /usr/local/mysql/data)
(wd now: /usr/local/mysql)

检查是否关闭

aiapple@aiapple:/usr/local/mysql$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
aiapple        : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysqld

2)更改my.cnf

#vim my.cnf(把55目录都改成56的)

3）使用mysql5.6启动软件；

#使用5.6拉起实例

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata$ /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf &
[]
aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata$  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/tmp/mysqldata/node1/aiapple.log'.
 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /tmp/mysqldata/node1

#查看mysqld进程有没有起来

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata$ ps -ef | grep mysql
aiapple        : pts/    :: /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf
aiapple        : pts/    :: /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56 --datadir=/tmp/mysqldata/node1 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql56/lib/plugin --log-error=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/aiapple.log --pid-file=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysqld.pid --socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock --port=
aiapple        : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysql

#登陆后查看mysql状态

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6., for linux-glibc2. (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:
Current database:
Current user:        root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.6.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    latin1
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock
Uptime:             min  sec

Threads:   Questions:   Slow queries:   Opens:   Flush tables:   Open tables:   Queries per second avg: 0.011
--------------
 

4）升级库mysql_upgrade

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata$ /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysql_upgrade -uroot --socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysql
Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqlcheck
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql.columns_priv                                 OK
mysql.db                                           OK
mysql.event                                        OK
mysql.func                                         OK
mysql.general_log                                  OK
mysql.help_category                                OK
mysql.help_keyword                                 OK
mysql.help_relation                                OK
mysql.help_topic                                   OK
mysql.host                                         OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index                             OK
mysql.plugin                                       OK
mysql.proc                                         OK
mysql.procs_priv                                   OK
mysql.proxies_priv                                 OK
mysql.servers                                      OK
mysql.slow_log                                     OK
mysql.tables_priv                                  OK
mysql.time_zone                                    OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second                        OK
mysql.time_zone_name                               OK
mysql.time_zone_transition                         OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK
mysql.user                                         OK
Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'...
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
OK

#验证库有没有升级成功

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata$ /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysql_upgrade -uroot --socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
Looking for 'mysql' as: /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysql
Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqlcheck
This installation of MySQL is already upgraded to 5.6., use --force if you still need to run mysql_upgrade

 

mysql多实例安装

---

 

1. 部署好mysql软件
2. 编辑多个配置文件，初始化多个实例
3. 启动mysql实例

 

为啥多实例部署？

• 充分利用系统资源
• 资源隔离
• 业务，模块隔离

 多实例安装

#mkdir -p /mysqldata/node3

a) 初始化实例 使用脚本mysql_install_db

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ /usr/local/mysql56/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=aiapple --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56 --datadir=/tmp/mysqldata/node3
#查看
aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ ls ../node3
ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  performance_schema  test

b) 给node3配置文件

cp my2.cnf my3.cnf
vim my3.cnf(修改相关参数)
[client]
#password       = your_password
port            =
socket          = /tmp/mysqldata/node3/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]
user=aiapple
ledir = /usr/local/mysql56/bin
#ledir = /usr/local/mysql55/bin
nice =
# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port            =
socket          = /tmp/mysqldata/node3/mysql.sock
pid-file        = /tmp/mysqldata/node3/mysqld.pid
basedir         = /usr/local/mysql56
#basedir         = /usr/local/mysql55
datadir         = /tmp/mysqldata/node3
innodb_data_home_dir      = /tmp/mysqldata/node3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /tmp/mysqldata/node3
tmpdir          = /tmp/mysqldata/node3
log-error       = /tmp/mysqldata/node3/aiapple.log
log-bin         = /tmp/mysqldata/node3/mysql-bin.log

c) 使用mysqld_safe,及my3.cnf拉起实例

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata/node3$ /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/node3/my3.cnf &
[]
aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata/node3$  :: mysqld_safe Logging to '/tmp/mysqldata/node3/aiapple.log'.
 :: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /tmp/mysqldata/node3

d）查看

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata/node3$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
aiapple        : pts/    :: /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf
aiapple        : pts/    :: /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56 --datadir=/tmp/mysqldata/node1 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql56/lib/plugin --log-error=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/aiapple.log --pid-file=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysqld.pid --socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node1/mysql.sock --port=
aiapple        : pts/    :: /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/node3/my3.cnf
aiapple       : pts/    :: /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/node3/my3.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56 --datadir=/tmp/mysqldata/node3 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql56/lib/plugin --log-error=/tmp/mysqldata/node3/aiapple.log --pid-file=/tmp/mysqldata/node3/mysqld.pid --socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node3/mysql.sock --port=
aiapple       : pts/    :: grep --color=auto mysqld

可以看到有两个端口的mysqld，分别是3306,；

e) 登陆新实例，删除test库，空用户，设置root密码

aiapple@aiapple:/tmp/mysqldata/node3$ mysql -uroot --socket=/tmp/mysqldata/node3/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.6.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

delete from msyql.user where user='';
delete from mysql.user where host<>'localhost';
set password for root@'localhost'=password('');
delete from mysql.db;
drop database test;
flush privileges;

mysql线上安装小结

---

 

• 根据需求选择合适的版本以及分支，建议使用或升级到较高版本5.5或5.6
• 如果需要定制mysql功能的话，可以考虑编译安装，否则的话建议使用二进制包安装，比较省事。
• 根据机器配置选择部署多个mysql实例还是单个实例，机器配置非常好的话，建议部署多实例