Ralph W. Tyler【拉尔夫·泰勒】

Ralph W. Tyler

Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their student learn

will be interested in the memoir of Ralph W. Tyler who is one of the most famous men

in American education.

任何关心学校和大学的教育内容以及学生如何学习的人都会对拉尔夫·泰勒的回忆录感兴趣，

他是美国教育界最著名的人物之一。

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate

Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed

his major from medicine to education.

他1902年出生于芝加哥，在内布拉斯加州成长并接受教育。19岁从大学毕业之后，拉尔夫·泰勒在

南达科他州当科学教师，正是那时，他对教学产生了浓厚的兴趣，并从医学专业转入教育学。

Graducate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators

Charles Judd and W.W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work.

在芝加哥大学读研究生期间，他认识了受人敬仰的教育家查尔斯·贾德和W.W.Charters， 两位教育家

关于教育和考试的思想对他后来的工作颇有影响。

In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

1927年，他成为了俄亥俄州立大学的老师，在那里他进一步研发了一种新的考试方法。

Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from

Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

1938年泰勒开始文明全国，受罗伯·胡钦斯之邀，他带着八年来的工作成果从俄亥俄大学到了芝加哥大学。

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford,

a position he held for fourteen years.

泰勒是斯坦福行为科学高等教育中心的第一任主任，在位14年。

There, he firmly beliveved that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.

他坚信为了获得研究上的独立精神，研究人员应该有充分的自由。

Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired.

虽然泰勒在1967年正式退休了，但他实际上一刻也不曾退休过。

He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abord.

他为许多美国和其他国家的教育组织工作。

Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how

to set objectives that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

甚至当他80岁的时候，还在游历全国，就如何在学校里制定出最好的教学和学习目标，给教师和管理人员建议。

2007年 全国1、宁夏、海南高考英语试题

文中单词

单词	释意
independent	adj.独立自主的
spirit	n.灵魂，精神，心灵
officially	adv.正式地，官方地
retired	adj.退休的，退役的
actually	adv.事实上，实际上
served	v.提供，服务
organizations	n.组织机构
management	n.经营，管理
objectives	n.目标，宗旨
develop	v.生长，发育
within	adv.在内部
memoir	n.回忆录
hooked	adj.钩状的
honorable	adj.可敬的，荣誉的
firmly	adv.坚定地，稳固地
invitation	n.请柬，邀请
diretor	n.导演，指导者