IOS-Gesture(手势识别)
手势识别——Gesture Recognizer
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {
// 没有触摸事件发生,所有手势识别的默认状态
UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible,
// 一个手势已经开始但尚未改变或者完成时
UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan,
// 手势状态改变
UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged,
// 手势完成
UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded,
// 手势取消,恢复至Possible状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled,
// 手势失败,恢复至Possible状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed,
// 识别到手势识别
UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
};
提示:UITapGestureRecognizer也被称为离散手势,该手势识别不会被取消,只是调用一次selector任务
手势识别的使用方法
iOS手势识别的详细使用(拖动,缩放,旋转,点击,手势依赖,自定义手势)
1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍
- UITapGestureRecognizer
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer
- UIRotationGestureRecognizer
- UISwipeGestureRecognizer
- UIPanGestureRecognizer
- UILongPressGestureRecognizer
上面的手势对应的操作是:
- Tap(点一下)
- Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动,平时经常用到的缩放)
- Rotation(旋转)
- Swipe(滑动,快速移动)
- Pan (拖移,慢速移动)
- LongPress(长按)

2、使用手势的步骤
- 创建手势实例。当创建手势时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,回调方法被调用。
- 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View,当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会回调方法。
3、Pan 拖动手势:
UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePan:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
新建一个ImageView,然后添加手势
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
[recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; }
4、Pinch缩放手势
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
recognizer.scale = 1;
}
5、Rotation旋转手势
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
recognizer.rotation = 0;
}

6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
[self.view addSubview:dragonImageView]; for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePan:)]; UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePinch:)]; UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
[view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
[view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
[view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
}
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
}
多添加了一条龙的view,两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下:

- 监视手势是否结束
- 监视触摸的速度
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
[recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) { CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height); [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
} completion:nil]; }
代码实现解析:
- 计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。
- 如果速度向量小于200,那就会得到一个小于的小数,那么滑行会很短
- 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
- 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
- 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点
8、同时触发两个view的手势
UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,
@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
@end
并在协议这个方法里返回YES。
-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
{
return YES;
}
把self作为代理设置给手势:
panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。
9、tap点击手势
这里为了方便看到tap的效果,当点击一下屏幕时,播放一个声音。
为了播放声音,我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。
- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
NSError * error;
AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
if (!player) {
NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
} else {
[player prepareToPlay];
}
return player;
}
我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码,添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h> @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer; @end
- (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
[self.chompPlayer play];
}
运行,点一下某个图,就会播放一个咬东西的声音。
不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷,就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢?使用手势的:requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。
10、手势的依赖性
在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码:
[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
意思就是,当如果pan手势失败,就是没发生拖动,才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动,那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。
11、自定义手势
自定义手势继承:UIGestureRecognizer,实现下面的方法:
– touchesBegan:withEvent:
– touchesMoved:withEvent:
– touchesEnded:withEvent:
- touchesCancelled:withEvent:
新建一个类,继承UIGestureRecognizer,代码如下:
.h文件
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
typedef enum {
DirectionUnknown = 0,
DirectionLeft,
DirectionRight
} Direction; @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
@property (assign) int tickleCount;
@property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
@property (assign) Direction lastDirection; @end
.m文件
#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
#define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2
#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25 @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];
} - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];
CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
Direction curDirection;
if (moveAmt < 0) {
curDirection = DirectionLeft;
} else {
curDirection = DirectionRight;
}
if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return; // 确认方向改变了
if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
(self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||
(self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) { // 挠痒次数
self.tickleCount++;
self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
self.lastDirection = curDirection; // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数,设置手势为结束状态
// 这样回调函数会被调用。
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
}
} } - (void)reset {
self.tickleCount = 0;
self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
}
} - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self reset];
} - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self reset];
} @end
调用自定义手势和上面一样,回到这样写:
- (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{
[self.hehePlayer play];
}
手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。
在真机上运行,按住某个view,快速左右拖动,就会发出笑的声音了。
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