13.5. `zipfile` — Work with ZIP archives

Source code: Lib/zipfile.py

The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP file. Any advanced use of this module will require an understanding of the format, as defined in PKZIP Application Note.

ZIP文件格式是一个通用的归档和压缩标准。该模块提供了创建，读取，写入和列出ZIP文件的工具。该模块的任何高级用法都会需要一个在PKZIP Application Note定义非标准的格式。

This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions (that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GiB in size). It supports decryption of encrypted files in ZIP archives, but it currently cannot create an encrypted file. Decryption is extremely slow as it is implemented in native Python rather than C.

该模块目前不支持处理多卷ZIP文件。它可以处理ZIP64扩展的zip文件（大于4GB的zip文件），它支持zip文件的的加解密，但是，目前还不能创建一个加密文件。因为解密是用原生PYTHON实现的，所以非常慢。

The module defines the following items:

本模块定义了如下选项：

exception zipfile.BadZipFile: The error raised for bad ZIP files.

New in version 3.2.

exception zipfile.BadZipfile: Alias of BadZipFile, for compatibility with older Python versions.

Deprecated since version 3.2.

exception zipfile.LargeZipFile: The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality but that has not been enabled.

class zipfile.ZipFile: The class for reading and writing ZIP files. See section ZipFile Objects for constructor details.

class zipfile.PyZipFile: Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries.

class zipfile.ZipInfo(filename='NoName', date_time=(1980, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)): Class used to represent information about a member of an archive. Instances of this class are returned by the getinfo() and infolist() methods of ZipFile objects. Most users of the zipfile module will not need to create these, but only use those created by this module. filename should be the full name of the archive member, and date_time should be a tuple containing six fields which describe the time of the last modification to the file; the fields are described in section ZipInfo Objects.

zipfile.is_zipfile(filename): Returns True if filename is a valid ZIP file based on its magic number, otherwise returns False. filename may be a file or file-like object too.

Changed in version 3.1: Support for file and file-like objects.

zipfile.ZIP_STORED: The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.

zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED: The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method. This requires the zlib module.

zipfile.ZIP_BZIP2: The numeric constant for the BZIP2 compression method. This requires the bz2 module.

New in version 3.3.

zipfile.ZIP_LZMA: The numeric constant for the LZMA compression method. This requires the lzma module.

New in version 3.3.

Note

The ZIP file format specification has included support for bzip2 compression since 2001, and for LZMA compression since 2006. However, some tools (including older Python releases) do not support these compression methods, and may either refuse to process the ZIP file altogether, or fail to extract individual files.

13.5.1. ZipFile Objects

class zipfile.ZipFile(file, mode='r', compression=ZIP_STORED, allowZip64=True)

Open a ZIP file, where file can be either a path to a file (a string) or a file-like object. The mode parameter should be 'r' to read an existing file, 'w' to truncate and write a new file, or 'a' to append to an existing file. If mode is 'a' and file refers to an existing ZIP file, then additional files are added to it. If file does not refer to a ZIP file, then a new ZIP archive is appended to the file. This is meant for adding a ZIP archive to another file (such as python.exe). If mode is a and the file does not exist at all, it is created. compression is the ZIP compression method to use when writing the archive, and should be ZIP_STORED, ZIP_DEFLATED, ZIP_BZIP2 or ZIP_LZMA; unrecognized values will cause RuntimeError to be raised. If ZIP_DEFLATED, ZIP_BZIP2 or ZIP_LZMA is specified but the corresponding module (zlib, bz2 or lzma) is not available, RuntimeError is also raised. The default is ZIP_STORED. If allowZip64 is True (the default) zipfile will create ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger than 2 GiB. If it is false zipfile will raise an exception when the ZIP file would require ZIP64 extensions.

打开一个zip文件，file参数可以是一个文件路径或者一个类文件对象。如果是读一个已存在的文件，mode参数应该是‘r’，截断或者写文件，则应该是‘w’，或者是a，用来添加文件内容。若果mode参数是'a'，并且file参数指向一个已经存在的zip文件，则附加的文件将添加进该文件。如果file参数并没有引用一个zip文件，则新建一个新zip文件，并将该文件添加。这意味着添加一个zip文件。如果mode参数是'a'，并且file参数不存在，则

If the file is created with mode 'a' or 'w' and then closed without adding any files to the archive, the appropriate ZIP structures for an empty archive will be written to the file.

ZipFile is also a context manager and therefore supports the with statement. In the example, myzip is closed after the with statement’s suite is finished—even if an exception occurs:

with ZipFile('spam.zip', 'w') as myzip:

    myzip.write('eggs.txt')

New in version 3.2: Added the ability to use ZipFile as a context manager.

Changed in version 3.3: Added support for bzip2 and lzma compression.

Changed in version 3.4: ZIP64 extensions are enabled by default.

ZipFile.close(): Close the archive file. You must call close() before exiting your program or essential records will not be written.

ZipFile.getinfo(name): Return a ZipInfo object with information about the archive member name. Calling getinfo() for a name not currently contained in the archive will raise a KeyError.

ZipFile.infolist(): Return a list containing a ZipInfo object for each member of the archive. The objects are in the same order as their entries in the actual ZIP file on disk if an existing archive was opened.

ZipFile.namelist(): Return a list of archive members by name.

ZipFile.open(name, mode='r', pwd=None): Extract a member from the archive as a file-like object (ZipExtFile). name is the name of the file in the archive, or a ZipInfo object. The mode parameter, if included, must be one of the following: 'r' (the default), 'U', or 'rU'. Choosing 'U' or 'rU' will enable universal newlines support in the read-only object. pwd is the password used for encrypted files. Calling open() on a closed ZipFile will raise a RuntimeError.

Note

The file-like object is read-only and provides the following methods: read(), readline(), readlines(), __iter__(), __next__().

Note

If the ZipFile was created by passing in a file-like object as the first argument to the constructor, then the object returned by open() shares the ZipFile’s file pointer. Under these circumstances, the object returned by open() should not be used after any additional operations are performed on the ZipFile object. If the ZipFile was created by passing in a string (the filename) as the first argument to the constructor, then open() will create a new file object that will be held by the ZipExtFile, allowing it to operate independently of the ZipFile.

Note

The open(), read() and extract() methods can take a filename or a ZipInfo object. You will appreciate this when trying to read a ZIP file that contains members with duplicate names.

Deprecated since version 3.4, will be removed in version 3.6: The 'U' or 'rU' mode. Use io.TextIOWrapper for reading compressed text files in universal newlines mode.

ZipFile.extract(member, path=None, pwd=None): Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory; member must be its full name or a ZipInfo object). Its file information is extracted as accurately as possible. path specifies a different directory to extract to. member can be a filename or a ZipInfo object. pwd is the password used for encrypted files.

Note

If a member filename is an absolute path, a drive/UNC sharepoint and leading (back)slashes will be stripped, e.g.: ///foo/bar becomes foo/bar on Unix, and C:\foo\bar becomes foo\bar on Windows. And all ".." components in a member filename will be removed, e.g.: ../../foo../../ba..r becomes foo../ba..r. On Windows illegal characters (:, <, >, |, ", ?, and *) replaced by underscore (_).

ZipFile.extractall(path=None, members=None, pwd=None): Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory. path specifies a different directory to extract to. members is optional and must be a subset of the list returned by namelist(). pwd is the password used for encrypted files.

Warning

Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection. It is possible that files are created outside of path, e.g. members that have absolute filenames starting with "/" or filenames with two dots "..". This module attempts to prevent that. See extract() note.

ZipFile.printdir(): Print a table of contents for the archive to sys.stdout.

ZipFile.setpassword(pwd): Set pwd as default password to extract encrypted files.

ZipFile.read(name, pwd=None): Return the bytes of the file name in the archive. name is the name of the file in the archive, or a ZipInfo object. The archive must be open for read or append. pwd is the password used for encrypted files and, if specified, it will override the default password set with setpassword(). Calling read() on a closed ZipFile will raise a RuntimeError.

ZipFile.testzip(): Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC’s and file headers. Return the name of the first bad file, or else return None. Calling testzip() on a closed ZipFile will raise a RuntimeError.

ZipFile.write(filename, arcname=None, compress_type=None): Write the file named filename to the archive, giving it the archive name arcname (by default, this will be the same as filename, but without a drive letter and with leading path separators removed). If given, compress_type overrides the value given for the compression parameter to the constructor for the new entry. The archive must be open with mode 'w' or 'a' – calling write() on a ZipFile created with mode 'r' will raise a RuntimeError. Calling write() on a closed ZipFile will raise a RuntimeError.

Note

There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files. If you have unicode file names, you must convert them to byte strings in your desired encoding before passing them to write(). WinZip interprets all file names as encoded in CP437, also known as DOS Latin.

Note

Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is, they should not start with a path separator.

Note

If arcname (or filename, if arcname is not given) contains a null byte, the name of the file in the archive will be truncated at the null byte.

ZipFile.writestr(zinfo_or_arcname, bytes[, compress_type])

Write the string bytes to the archive; zinfo_or_arcname is either the file name it will be given in the archive, or a ZipInfo instance. If it’s an instance, at least the filename, date, and time must be given. If it’s a name, the date and time is set to the current date and time. The archive must be opened with mode 'w' or 'a' – calling writestr() on a ZipFile created with mode 'r' will raise a RuntimeError. Calling writestr() on a closed ZipFile will raise a RuntimeError.

If given, compress_type overrides the value given for the compression parameter to the constructor for the new entry, or in the zinfo_or_arcname (if that is a ZipInfo instance).

Note

When passing a ZipInfo instance as the zinfo_or_arcname parameter, the compression method used will be that specified in the compress_type member of the given ZipInfo instance. By default, the ZipInfo constructor sets this member to ZIP_STORED.

Changed in version 3.2: The compress_type argument.

The following data attributes are also available:

ZipFile.debug: The level of debug output to use. This may be set from 0 (the default, no output) to 3 (the most output). Debugging information is written to sys.stdout.

ZipFile.comment: The comment text associated with the ZIP file. If assigning a comment to a ZipFile instance created with mode ‘a’ or ‘w’, this should be a string no longer than 65535 bytes. Comments longer than this will be truncated in the written archive when close() is called.

13.5.2. PyZipFile Objects

The PyZipFile constructor takes the same parameters as the ZipFile constructor, and one additional parameter, optimize.

class zipfile.PyZipFile(file, mode='r', compression=ZIP_STORED, allowZip64=True, optimize=-1)

New in version 3.2: The optimize parameter.

Changed in version 3.4: ZIP64 extensions are enabled by default.

Instances have one method in addition to those of ZipFile objects:

writepy(pathname, basename='', filterfunc=None)

Search for files *.py and add the corresponding file to the archive.

If the optimize parameter to PyZipFile was not given or -1, the corresponding file is a *.pyo file if available, else a *.pyc file, compiling if necessary.

If the optimize parameter to PyZipFile was 0, 1 or 2, only files with that optimization level (see compile()) are added to the archive, compiling if necessary.

If pathname is a file, the filename must end with .py, and just the (corresponding *.py[co]) file is added at the top level (no path information). If pathname is a file that does not end with .py, a RuntimeError will be raised. If it is a directory, and the directory is not a package directory, then all the files *.py[co] are added at the top level. If the directory is a package directory, then all *.py[co] are added under the package name as a file path, and if any subdirectories are package directories, all of these are added recursively.

basename is intended for internal use only.

filterfunc, if given, must be a function taking a single string argument. It will be passed each path (including each individual full file path) before it is added to the archive. If filterfunc returns a false value, the path will not be added, and if it is a directory its contents will be ignored. For example, if our test files are all either in test directories or start with the string test_, we can use a filterfunc to exclude them:

>>> zf = PyZipFile('myprog.zip')

>>> def notests(s):

...     fn = os.path.basename(s)

...     return (not (fn == 'test' or fn.startswith('test_')))

>>> zf.writepy('myprog', filterfunc=notests)

The writepy() method makes archives with file names like this:

string.pyc                   # Top level name

test/__init__.pyc            # Package directory

test/testall.pyc             # Module test.testall

test/bogus/__init__.pyc      # Subpackage directory

test/bogus/myfile.pyc        # Submodule test.bogus.myfile

New in version 3.4: The filterfunc parameter.

13.5.3. ZipInfo Objects

Instances of the ZipInfo class are returned by the getinfo() and infolist() methods of ZipFile objects. Each object stores information about a single member of the ZIP archive.

Instances have the following attributes:

ZipInfo.filename: Name of the file in the archive.

ZipInfo.date_time

The time and date of the last modification to the archive member. This is a tuple of six values:

Index	Value
`0`	Year (>= 1980)
`1`	Month (one-based)
`2`	Day of month (one-based)
`3`	Hours (zero-based)
`4`	Minutes (zero-based)
`5`	Seconds (zero-based)

Note

The ZIP file format does not support timestamps before 1980.

ZipInfo.compress_type: Type of compression for the archive member.

ZipInfo.comment: Comment for the individual archive member.

ZipInfo.extra: Expansion field data. The PKZIP Application Note contains some comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this string.

ZipInfo.create_system: System which created ZIP archive.

ZipInfo.create_version: PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.

ZipInfo.extract_version: PKZIP version needed to extract archive.

ZipInfo.reserved: Must be zero.

ZipInfo.flag_bits: ZIP flag bits.

ZipInfo.volume: Volume number of file header.

ZipInfo.internal_attr: Internal attributes.

ZipInfo.external_attr: External file attributes.

ZipInfo.header_offset: Byte offset to the file header.

ZipInfo.CRC: CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.

ZipInfo.compress_size: Size of the compressed data.

ZipInfo.file_size: Size of the uncompressed file.