Systemtap examples, Network - 4 Monitoring TCP Packets

http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/16387704020131014104256627/

 

例子来自tcpdumplike.stp脚本, 当tcp.receive事件触发后, 取出类似tcpdump输出的源ip, 目的ip, 源端口, 目的端口, 以及6个tcp包的控制比特位信息.

tcp.receive alias实际上包含2个内核函数, 分别代表ipv4和ipv6. 

kernel.function("tcp_v4_rcv")

kernel.function("tcp_v6_rcv")!, module("ipv6").function("tcp_v6_rcv")

// !表示有限匹配kernel.function("tcp_v6_rcv"), 匹配后下面的module就不触发了.

 

脚本内容以及注解

[root@db-172-16-3-150 network]# cd /usr/share/systemtap/testsuite/systemtap.examples/network

[root@db-172-16-3-150 network]# cat tcpdumplike.stp

#!/usr/bin/stap

 

// A TCP dump like example

 

probe begin, timer.s(1) {

  printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n")

  printf("       Source IP         Dest IP  SPort  DPort  U  A  P  R  S  F \n")

  printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n")

}

// stap脚本开始, 并且以后每秒输出一次头信息. 方便阅读.

 

probe tcp.receive {

  printf(" %15s %15s  %5d  %5d  %d  %d  %d  %d  %d  %d\n",

         saddr, daddr, sport, dport, urg, ack, psh, rst, syn, fin)

}

// 跟踪tcp.receive事件, 事件出发时, 输出

// saddr 源IP

// daddr 目的IP

// sport 源端口

// dport 目的端口

// urg, ack, psh, rst syn, fin 6个tcp包的控制比特位信息

 

执行输出举例

[root@db-172-16-3-150 network]# stap ./tcpdumplike.stp 

-----------------------------------------------------------------

       Source IP         Dest IP  SPort  DPort  U  A  P  R  S  F 

-----------------------------------------------------------------

     172.16.8.31    172.16.3.150  51167     22  0  1  0  0  0  0

     172.16.8.31    172.16.3.150  54223     22  0  1  1  0  0  0

     172.16.8.31    172.16.3.150  54223     22  0  1  1  0  0  0

     172.16.8.31    172.16.3.150  54223     22  0  1  0  0  0  0

     172.16.8.31    172.16.3.150  51167     22  0  1  1  0  0  0

     172.16.3.40    172.16.3.150  51927   9000  0  0  0  0  1  0

最后一行的A=0, S=1, 表示这个包是从172.16.3.40发过来的建立三次握手的第一个包.

U=1的话, 表示重要的包, 接收到后不要放到缓冲区, 直接处理.

 

本文用到的tcp.receive probe alias原型.

/usr/share/systemtap/tapset/tcp.stp

/**

 * probe tcp.receive - Called when a TCP packet is received

 * @name: Name of the probe point

 * @iphdr: IP header address

 * @protocol: Packet protocol from driver

 * @family: IP address family

 * @saddr: A string representing the source IP address

 * @daddr: A string representing the destination IP address

 * @sport: TCP source port

 * @dport: TCP destination port

 * @urg: TCP URG flag

 * @ack: TCP ACK flag

 * @psh: TCP PSH flag

 * @rst: TCP RST flag

 * @syn: TCP SYN flag

 * @fin: TCP FIN flag

 */

probe tcp.receive = tcp.ipv4.receive, tcp.ipv6.receive

{

}

// tcp.receive包含ipv4和ipv6的alias.

 

probe tcp.ipv4.receive = kernel.function("tcp_v4_rcv")

{

        name = "tcp.ipv4.receive"

        iphdr = __get_skb_iphdr($skb)

        # If we're here, by definition we're doing AF_INET, not AF_INET6.

        family = %{ /* pure */ AF_INET %}

        saddr = format_ipaddr(__ip_skb_saddr(iphdr), %{ /* pure */ AF_INET %})

        daddr = format_ipaddr(__ip_skb_daddr(iphdr), %{ /* pure */ AF_INET %})

        protocol = __ip_skb_proto(iphdr)

 

        tcphdr = __get_skb_tcphdr($skb)

        dport = __tcp_skb_dport(tcphdr)

        sport = __tcp_skb_sport(tcphdr)

        urg = __tcp_skb_urg(tcphdr)

        ack = __tcp_skb_ack(tcphdr)

        psh = __tcp_skb_psh(tcphdr)

        rst = __tcp_skb_rst(tcphdr)

        syn = __tcp_skb_syn(tcphdr)

        fin = __tcp_skb_fin(tcphdr)

}

 

probe tcp.ipv6.receive = kernel.function("tcp_v6_rcv")!,

        module("ipv6").function("tcp_v6_rcv")

{

        name = "tcp.ipv6.receive"

        iphdr = __get_skb_iphdr(@defined($skb) ? $skb : kernel_pointer($pskb))

        # If we're here, by definition we're doing AF_INET6, not AF_INET.

        family = %{ /* pure */ AF_INET6 %}

        saddr = format_ipaddr(&@cast(iphdr, "ipv6hdr")->saddr,

                              %{ /* pure */ AF_INET6 %})

        daddr = format_ipaddr(&@cast(iphdr, "ipv6hdr")->daddr,

                              %{ /* pure */ AF_INET6 %})

        # If we're here, by definition we're doing IPPROTO_TCP.  There

        # isn't a protocol field in 'struct ipv6hdr'.  There is one in

        # 'struct sk_buff', but that protocol field is an Ethernet

        # Procol ID (ETH_P_*), not an IP protocol ID (IPPROTO_*).

        protocol = %{ /* pure */ IPPROTO_TCP %}

 

        tcphdr = __get_skb_tcphdr(@defined($skb) ? $skb : kernel_pointer($pskb))

        dport = __tcp_skb_dport(tcphdr)

        sport = __tcp_skb_sport(tcphdr)

        urg = __tcp_skb_urg(tcphdr)

        ack = __tcp_skb_ack(tcphdr)

        psh = __tcp_skb_psh(tcphdr)

        rst = __tcp_skb_rst(tcphdr)

        syn = __tcp_skb_syn(tcphdr)

        fin = __tcp_skb_fin(tcphdr)

}

// 一些tcp常用的函数

//

//Definitions of the TCP protocol sk_state field listed below.

//

//     TCP_ESTABLISHED = 1,   Normal data transfer

//     TCP_SYN_SENT   = 2,   App. has started to open a connection

//     TCP_SYN_RECV   = 3,   A connection request has arrived; wait for ACK

//     TCP_FIN_WAIT1  = 4,   App. has said it is finished

//     TCP_FIN_WAIT2  = 5,   The other side has agreed to close

//     TCP_TIME_WAIT  = 6,   Wait for all packets to die off

//     TCP_CLOSE      = 7,   No connection is active or pending 

//     TCP_CLOSE_WAIT = 8,   The other side has initiated a release

//     TCP_LAST_ACK   = 9,   Last ACK, wait for all packets to die off

//     TCP_LISTEN     = 10,  Waiting for incoming call

//     TCP_CLOSING    = 11,  Both sides have tried to close simultaneously

//     TCP_MAX_STATES = 12   Max states number

// 

function tcp_ts_get_info_state:long(sock:long)

%{ /* pure */

        struct sock *sk = (struct sock *)(long) STAP_ARG_sock;

        STAP_RETVALUE = (int64_t) kread(&(sk->sk_state));

        CATCH_DEREF_FAULT();

%}

 

/* return the TCP destination port for a given sock */

function __tcp_sock_dport:long (sock:long)

{

    return (@defined(@cast(sock, "inet_sock")->inet_dport)

            ? @cast(sock, "inet_sock")->inet_dport # kernel >= 2.6.33

            : (@defined(@cast(sock, "inet_sock")->dport)

               ? @cast(sock, "inet_sock", "kernel")->dport # kernel >= 2.6.11

               : @cast(sock, "inet_sock", "kernel<net/ip.h>")->inet->dport))

}

// 内嵌了C代码, 为了取出sock的值.

 

TCP 包头信息

TCP Header Format

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Sequence Number                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Acknowledgment Number                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Data |           |U|A|P|R|S|F|                               |
   | Offset| Reserved  |R|C|S|S|Y|I|            Window             |
   |       |           |G|K|H|T|N|N|                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Checksum            |         Urgent Pointer        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Options                    |    Padding    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                             data                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 
                            TCP Header Format
 
          Note that one tick mark represents one bit position.
 
                               Figure 3.

控制比特信息 : 

Control Bits: 6 bits (from left to right):

    URG:  Urgent Pointer field significant
    ACK:  Acknowledgment field significant
    PSH:  Push Function
    RST:  Reset the connection
    SYN:  Synchronize sequence numbers
    FIN:  No more data from sender

 

[参考]

1. /usr/share/systemtap/testsuite/systemtap.examples

2. https://sourceware.org/systemtap/SystemTap_Beginners_Guide/useful-systemtap-scripts.html

3. systemtap-testsuite

4. https://sourceware.org/systemtap/examples/

5. /usr/share/systemtap/testsuite/systemtap.examples/index.txt

6. /usr/share/systemtap/testsuite/systemtap.examples/keyword-index.txt

7. /usr/share/systemtap/tapset

8. http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/1638770402013811957335/

9. http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/Course/Section4/8.htm