安装MySQL。

[root@sample ~]# yum -y install mysql-server  ← 安装MySQL
[root@sample ~]# yum -y install php-mysql  ← 安装php-mysql

配置MySQL

[root@sample ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf  ← 编辑MySQL的配置文件

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
old_passwords=1  ← 找到这一行,在这一行的下面添加新的规则,让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
default-character-set = utf8  ← 添加这一行

然后在mysql数据库的配置文件末尾添加:

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

启动MySQL服务

[root@sample ~]# chkconfig mysqld on  ← 设置MySQL服务随系统启动自启动

[root@sample ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld  ← 确认MySQL自启动 
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off  ← 如果2--5为on的状态就OK

[root@sample ~]#/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start  ← 启动MySQL服务

Initializing MySQL database:         [ OK ]
Starting MySQL:              [ OK ]
MySQL初始环境设定

[1]为MySQL的root用户设置密码

MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候,它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。

[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root  ← 用root用户登录MySQL服务器

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
| user | host          | password |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+
| root | localhost        |       |  ← root密码为空 
| root | sample.centospub.com  |       |  ← root密码为空
|   | sample.centospub.com |       |
|   | localhost       |       |
|root | %                                 |XXX      |
|   |                            |       |
+------+------------------------------+---------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password(' 在这里填入root密码');  ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set password for root@'sample.centospub.com'=password(' 在这里填入root密码');  ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)只有设置了这个才可以,才可以通过数据库来安装网址

mysql> set password for root@'xxx'=password('xxx' );  ← 设置root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
| user | host          | password     |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
| root | localhost        | 19b68057189b027f |  ← root密码被设置
| root | sample.centospub.com   | 19b68057189b027f |  ← root密码被设置
|    | sample.centospub.com   |          |
|    | localhost        |          |
+------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

然后,测试一下root密码有没有生效。

[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root  ← 通过空密码用root登录

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)  ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com  ← 通过空密码用root登录

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'   (using password: NO)  ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功

[root@sample ~]#mysql -u root -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.  ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> exit
Bye

[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.  ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
Your MySQL connection id is 6 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

[2] 删除匿名用户

在MySQL刚刚被安装后,存在用户名、密码为空的用户。这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。为消除隐患,将匿名用户删除。

[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
+------+----------------------------+
| user | host         |
+------+----------------------------+
|   | localhost       |
| root | localhost       |
|   | sample.centospub.com |
| root | sample.centospub.com  |
+------+----------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';  ← 删除匿名用户
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.17 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
+------+----------------------------+
| user | host         |
+------+----------------------------+
| root | localhost      |
| root | sample.centospub.com |
+------+----------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

好了,下面都不是必须的了!
测试MySQL

[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码 www.jbxue.com

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to centospub@localhost   identified by '在这里定义密码';  ← 建立对test数据库有完全操

作权限的名为centospub的用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select user from mysql.user where user='centospub';  ← 确认centospub用户的存在与否
+---------+
| user  |
+---------+
| centospub |  ← 确认centospub已经被建立
+---------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

[root@sample ~]# mysql -u centospub -p  ← 用新建立的centospub用户登录MySQL服务器
Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> create database test;  ← 建立名为test的数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;  ← 查看系统已存在的数据库
+-------------+
| Database |
+-------------+
| test    |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test  ← 连接到数据库 www.jbxue.com
Database changed

mysql> create table test(num int, name varchar(50));  ← 在数据库中建立表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show tables;  ← 查看数据库中已存在的表
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+-------------------+
| test     |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test values(1,'Hello World!');  ← 插入一个值到表中
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from test;  ← 查看数据库中的表的信息
+------+-------------------+
| num | name      |
+------+-------------------+
| 1   | Hello World!  |
+------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update test set name='Hello Everyone!';  ← 更新表的信息,赋予新的值
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from test;  ← 查看数据库中的表的信息
+------+----------------------+
| num | name      |
+------+----------------------+
| 1   | Hello Everyone! |  ← 确认被更新到新的值
+------+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> delete from test where num=1;  ← 删除表内的值
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;  ← 确认删除结果
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> drop table test;  ← 删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show tables;  ← 查看表信息 www.jbxue.com
Empty set (0.00 sec)  ← 确认表已被删除

mysql> drop database test;  ← 删除名为test的数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;  ← 查看已存在的数据库
Empty set (0.01 sec)  ← 确认test数据库已被删除(这里非root用户的关系,看不到名为mysql的数据库)

mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

然后,删除测试用过的遗留用户。

[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12 to server version: 4.1.20

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from centospub@localhost ;  ← 取消centospub用户对数据库的操作权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='centospub' and host='localhost';  ← 删除centospub用户
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select user from mysql.user where user='centospub';  ← 查找用户centospub,确认已删除与否
Empty set (0.01 sec)  ← 确认centospub用户已不存在

mysql> flush privileges;  ← 刷新,使以上操作生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

[root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart  ← 重新启动HTTP服务

Stopping httpd:             [ OK ]
Starting httpd:             [ OK ]

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