Struts2 (二)

1 自定义结果视图

1.1 自定义一个类实现com.opensymphony.xwork2.Result接口。

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;

public class CaptchaResult implements Result {

    private int width = 120;
    private int height = 25;

    public void setWidth(int width) {
        this.width = width;
    }

    public void setHeight(int height) {
        this.height = height;
    }

    ////输出一副随机验证码图像
    @Override
    public void execute(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
//创建一副内存图像
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到画笔
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
        //开始画
        //边线
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawRect(0, 0, width, height);
        //填充背景色
        g.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
        g.fillRect(1, 1, width-2, height-2);
        //话干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.GRAY);

        Random r = new Random();
        for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
            g.drawLine(r.nextInt(width), r.nextInt(height), r.nextInt(width), r.nextInt(height));
        //验证码
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD, 19));
//            String base = "\u7684\u4e00\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e0a\u7740\u4e2a\u5730\u5230\u5927\u91cc\u8bf4\u5c31\u53bb\u5b50\u5f97\u4e5f\u548c\u90a3\u8981\u4e0b\u770b\u5929\u65f6\u8fc7\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e48\u8d77\u4f60\u90fd\u628a\u597d\u8fd8\u591a\u6ca1\u4e3a\u53c8\u53ef\u5bb6\u5b66\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f1a\u6837\u5e74\u60f3\u751f\u540c\u8001\u4e2d\u5341\u4ece\u81ea\u9762\u524d\u5934\u9053\u5b83\u540e\u7136\u8d70\u5f88\u50cf\u89c1\u4e24\u7528\u5979\u56fd\u52a8\u8fdb\u6210\u56de\u4ec0\u8fb9\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5f00\u800c\u5df1\u4e9b\u73b0\u5c71\u6c11\u5019\u7ecf\u53d1\u5de5\u5411\u4e8b\u547d\u7ed9\u957f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e49\u4e09\u58f0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u624b\u77e5\u7406\u773c\u5fd7\u70b9\u5fc3\u6218\u4e8c\u95ee\u4f46\u8eab\u65b9\u5b9e\u5403\u505a\u53eb\u5f53\u4f4f\u542c\u9769\u6253\u5462\u771f\u5168\u624d\u56db\u5df2\u6240\u654c\u4e4b\u6700\u5149\u4ea7\u60c5\u8def\u5206\u603b\u6761\u767d\u8bdd\u4e1c\u5e2d\u6b21\u4eb2\u5982\u88ab\u82b1\u53e3\u653e\u513f\u5e38\u6c14\u4e94\u7b2c\u4f7f\u5199\u519b\u5427\u6587\u8fd0\u518d\u679c\u600e\u5b9a\u8bb8\u5feb\u660e\u884c\u56e0\u522b\u98de\u5916\u6811\u7269\u6d3b\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u5f80\u8239\u671b\u65b0\u5e26\u961f\u5148\u529b\u5b8c\u5374\u7ad9\u4ee3\u5458\u673a\u66f4\u4e5d\u60a8\u6bcf\u98ce\u7ea7\u8ddf\u7b11\u554a\u5b69\u4e07\u5c11\u76f4\u610f\u591c\u6bd4\u9636\u8fde\u8f66\u91cd\u4fbf\u6597\u9a6c\u54ea\u5316\u592a\u6307\u53d8\u793e\u4f3c\u58eb\u8005\u5e72\u77f3\u6ee1\u65e5\u51b3\u767e\u539f\u62ff\u7fa4\u7a76\u5404\u516d\u672c\u601d\u89e3\u7acb\u6cb3\u6751\u516b\u96be\u65e9\u8bba\u5417\u6839\u5171\u8ba9\u76f8\u7814\u4eca\u5176\u4e66\u5750\u63a5\u5e94\u5173\u4fe1\u89c9\u6b65\u53cd\u5904\u8bb0\u5c06\u5343\u627e\u4e89\u9886\u6216\u5e08\u7ed3\u5757\u8dd1\u8c01\u8349\u8d8a\u5b57\u52a0\u811a\u7d27\u7231\u7b49\u4e60\u9635\u6015\u6708\u9752\u534a\u706b\u6cd5\u9898\u5efa\u8d76\u4f4d\u5531\u6d77\u4e03\u5973\u4efb\u4ef6\u611f\u51c6\u5f20\u56e2\u5c4b\u79bb\u8272\u8138\u7247\u79d1\u5012\u775b\u5229\u4e16\u521a\u4e14\u7531\u9001\u5207\u661f\u5bfc\u665a\u8868\u591f\u6574\u8ba4\u54cd\u96ea\u6d41\u672a\u573a\u8be5\u5e76\u5e95\u6df1\u523b\u5e73\u4f1f\u5fd9\u63d0\u786e\u8fd1\u4eae\u8f7b\u8bb2\u519c\u53e4\u9ed1\u544a\u754c\u62c9\u540d\u5440\u571f\u6e05\u9633\u7167\u529e\u53f2\u6539\u5386\u8f6c\u753b\u9020\u5634\u6b64\u6cbb\u5317\u5fc5\u670d\u96e8\u7a7f\u5185\u8bc6\u9a8c\u4f20\u4e1a\u83dc\u722c\u7761\u5174\u5f62\u91cf\u54b1\u89c2\u82e6\u4f53\u4f17\u901a\u51b2\u5408\u7834\u53cb\u5ea6\u672f\u996d\u516c\u65c1\u623f\u6781\u5357\u67aa\u8bfb\u6c99\u5c81\u7ebf\u91ce\u575a\u7a7a\u6536\u7b97\u81f3\u653f\u57ce\u52b3\u843d\u94b1\u7279\u56f4\u5f1f\u80dc\u6559\u70ed\u5c55\u5305\u6b4c\u7c7b\u6e10\u5f3a\u6570\u4e61\u547c\u6027\u97f3\u7b54\u54e5\u9645\u65e7\u795e\u5ea7\u7ae0\u5e2e\u5566\u53d7\u7cfb\u4ee4\u8df3\u975e\u4f55\u725b\u53d6\u5165\u5cb8\u6562\u6389\u5ffd\u79cd\u88c5\u9876\u6025\u6797\u505c\u606f\u53e5\u533a\u8863\u822c\u62a5\u53f6\u538b\u6162\u53d4\u80cc\u7ec6";
        int x = 20;
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
            g.drawString(r.nextInt(10)+"", x,20 );
//                g.drawString(base.charAt(r.nextInt(base.length()))+"", x, 20);
            x+=18;
        }
        HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();

        //输出
        response.setHeader("Expires", "-1");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
    }
}

1.2 在struts.xml中配置结果类型

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <!-- 定义结果类型 -->
        <result-types>
            <result-type name="captcha" class="com.xuweiwei.action.CaptchaResult">
                <!-- 设置自定义参数 -->
                <param name="width">120</param>
                <param name="height">25</param>
            </result-type>
        </result-types>
        <!-- 使用结果类型 -->
        <action name="captcha">
            <result name="success" type="captcha"/>
        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

1.3 在index.jsp中使用验证码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>

  验证码:<input type="text" name=""/><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha">

  </body>
</html>

2 封装请求参数

• 作为MVC框架，必须要负责解析HTTP请求参数，并将其封装到model对象中。
• Struts2提供了非常强大的类型转换机制用于请求数据到model对象的封装。

2.1 Action本身作为model对象，通过成员的setter封装

2.1.1 设置静态数据的注入，通过配置文件设置

• ParamAction.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("name:"+name);
        System.out.println("age:"+age);
        return Action.NONE;
    }
}

• struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="param" class="com.xuweiwei.action.ParamAction" method="execute">
            <param name="name">你好</param>
            <param name="age">10</param>
        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

• 访问地址：http://localhost:8080/项目名/param就可以看到效果。

• 【注】：这个功能是由<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>提供的。

2.1.2 设置动态数据的注入

• index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/param" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• ParamAction.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("name:"+name);
        System.out.println("age:"+age);
        return Action.NONE;
    }
}

• struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="param" class="com.xuweiwei.action.ParamAction" method="execute">
        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

• 访问地址：http://localhost:8080/项目名/param就可以看到效果

• 【注】：这个功能是由<interceptor-ref name="params"/>实现的。

2.2 创建独立的model对象，页面通过OGNL表达式封装

• index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/param" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="student.name"/><br/>
    年龄:<input type="text" name="student.age" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• Student.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

• ParamAction.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport {
    private Student student;

    public Student getStudent() {
        return student;
    }

    public void setStudent(Student student) {
        this.student = student;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("name:"+student.getName());
        System.out.println("age:"+student.getAge());
        return Action.NONE;
    }
}

• struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="param" class="com.xuweiwei.action.ParamAction" method="execute">
        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

• 访问地址：http://localhost:8080/项目名/param就可以看到效果。

2.3 使用ModelDrivern接口，对请求数据进行封装

• index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/param" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• Student.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

• ParamAction.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;

public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Student> {
    private Student student  =  new Student();

    public Student getStudent() {
        return student;
    }

    public void setStudent(Student student) {
        this.student = student;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("name:"+student.getName());
        System.out.println("age:"+student.getAge());
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    @Override
    public Student getModel() {
        return student;
    }
}

• struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="param" class="com.xuweiwei.action.ParamAction" method="execute">
        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

• 访问地址：http://localhost:8080/项目名/index.jsp可以看到效果。

• 【注】：此功能的实现是由<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>拦截器实现的。

3 类型转换

3.1 类型转换的概念

• 用户所有输入的都是字符串。
• 显示出来的都是字符串。

• 在开发中，类型转换：String-->其他类型（存数据的时候），其他类型-->String（取数据的时候）。

• index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>

  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/param" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• ParamAction.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import java.util.Date;

public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport  {
    private String name;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("name="+name+",birthday="+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }
}

• struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="param" class="com.xuweiwei.action.ParamAction" method="execute">

        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

• 访问地址：http://localhost:8080/项目名/index.jsp就能看到效果。

3.2 自定义类型转换

• Struts2提供常规的类型装换，可以对常用的数据类型进行转换，但是如果目标类型是一个特殊类型的时候，则需要自定义类型转换器。
• Struts2的类型转换器实际上都是基于OGNL实现的。

• 只需要继承StrutsTypeConverter类即可,。

• 示例：自定义类型转换器
  • MyConverter.java　　

package com.xuweiwei.converter;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.util.StrutsTypeConverter;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 自定义类型转换器
 */
public class MyConverter extends StrutsTypeConverter {
    //将字符串转换为Date类型
    @Override
    public Object convertFromString(Map map, String[] strings, Class aClass) {
        if(aClass.equals(Date.class)){
           if(strings != null && strings.length != 0){
               String str = strings[0];
               try {
                   return  new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse(str);
               } catch (ParseException e) {
                   throw new RuntimeException("转换失败"+e);
               }
           }

        }
        return null;

    }

    /**
     * 将Date类型转换为String类型
     * @param map
     * @param o
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String convertToString(Map map, Object o) {
        if(o instanceof Date){
            Date date = (Date) o;
            try {
                return  new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(date);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("转换失败"+e);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }
}

• • 注册类型转换器：
    • ①局部类型转换器：编写一个名为类名-conversion.properties的文件，必须和Action在同一个包中。　　　　

birthday=com.xuweiwei.converter.MyConverter

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import java.util.Date;

public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport  {
    private String name;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("name="+name+",birthday="+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }
}

• • • ②全局类型转换器：在类路径（WEB-INF/classes）下新建一个名为xwork-conversion.properties　　　　

java.util.Date=com.xuweiwei.converter.MyConverter

3.3 类型中的转换错误

• Struts2通过conversionError来进行类型转换的错误处理。
• 如果Struts2的类型转换器质性类型转换的时候出现错误，该拦截器将错误的信息封装成表单域错误，并将这些错误信息放入到ActionContext中。
• 使用类型转换中的错误处理Action必须继承ActionSupport。
• 在自定义的类型转换器中，异常必须抛出不能捕获，conversionError会处理该异常，然后转入一个名为input的逻辑视图。
• 在Action所在的包中，创建一个名为类名.proerptes的文件，在其中配置信息：invalid.fieldvalue.属性名=错误信息。
• 在input逻辑视图对应的jsp页面中，通过<s:fieldError/>输出类型错误信息。

• index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/param" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• ParamAction.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import java.util.Date;

public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport  {
    private String name;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    @Override
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("name="+name+",birthday="+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }
}

• ParamAction.properties

invalid.fieldvalue.birthday=出生日期错误

• MyConverter.java

package com.xuweiwei.converter;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.util.StrutsTypeConverter;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 自定义类型转换器
 */
public class MyConverter extends StrutsTypeConverter {
    //将字符串转换为Date类型
    @Override
    public Object convertFromString(Map map, String[] strings, Class aClass) {
        if(aClass.equals(Date.class)){
           if(strings != null && strings.length != 0){
               String str = strings[0];
               try {
                   return  new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse(str);
               } catch (ParseException e) {
                   throw new RuntimeException("转换失败"+e);
               }
           }

        }
        return null;

    }

    /**
     * 将Date类型转换为String类型
     * @param map
     * @param o
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String convertToString(Map map, Object o) {
        if(o instanceof Date){
            Date date = (Date) o;
            try {
                return  new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(date);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("转换失败"+e);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }
}

• struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

        <action name="param" class="com.xuweiwei.action.ParamAction" method="execute">
            <result name="input">/index.jsp</result>
        </action>

    </package>

</struts>

4 数据校验

4.1 数据校验的方式

• 客户端数据校验：JavaScript
• 服务器端数据校验：代码
• 实际开发：客户端数据校验+服务器端数据校验

4.2 Struts2的服务器校验（前提是Action需要继承ActionSupport类）

• 编程式校验：Action中写代码。　

• 声明式校验：写配置文件。　　

4.3 编程式数据校验

4.3.1 针对Action类的所有方法进行校验

• 在Action类中重写validate()方法。

• 示例：
  • web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

• • save.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/save" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • PersonAction.java

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.util.Date;

public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    /**
     * 校验
     */
    @Override
    public void validate() {
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(name)){
            addFieldError("name","姓名不能为空");
        }
    }

    public String save(){
        System.out.println(name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

}

• • struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="save" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="save">
            <result name="input" >/index.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

• 示例：证明是全局校验
• 场景：对增加、删除需要校验，但是对查询却不需要校验。
  • save.jsp　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/save" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • update.jsp　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/update" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name" value="23"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="20"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" value="1992-02-02" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • PersonAction.java　　

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.util.Date;

public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    /**
     * 校验
     */
    @Override
    public void validate() {
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(name)){
            addFieldError("name","姓名不能为空");
        }
    }

    public String save(){
        System.out.println("保存："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String update(){
        System.out.println("更新："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String queryAll(){
        System.out.println("查询："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

}

• • struts.xml　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="save" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="save">
            <result name="input" >/save.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="update" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="update">
            <result name="input" >/update.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="queryAll" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="queryAll">
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

• • 当我们访问：http://localhost:8080/项目名/queryAll的时候，会出现如下的错误。　　

4.3.2 针对Action类的指定方法进行校验

• 方式一：通过注解方式
  • 在指定的方法上加@SkipValidation　　
  • 示例：
    • web.xml　　　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

• • • save.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/save" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

1. • • update.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/update" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name" value="23"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="20"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" value="1992-02-02" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • • PersonAction.java　　　　

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.SkipValidation;

import java.util.Date;

public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    /**
     * 校验
     */
    @Override
    public void validate() {
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(name)){
            addFieldError("name","姓名不能为空");
        }
    }

    public String save(){
        System.out.println("保存："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String update(){
        System.out.println("更新："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }
    @SkipValidation
    public String queryAll(){
        System.out.println("查询："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

}

• • • struts.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="save" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="save">
            <result name="input" >/save.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="update" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="update">
            <result name="input" >/update.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="queryAll" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="queryAll">
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

• • • f访问：http://localhost:8080/项目名/queryAll，不会出现错误。　　　　

• 方式二:
  • 如果要校验的方法的名称是save，那么要写的校验方法的名称是validateSave()。　　
  • 示例：
    • web.xml　　　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

• • • save.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/save" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • • update.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/update" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name" value="23"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="20"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" value="1992-02-02" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • • PersonAction.java　　　　

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.SkipValidation;

import java.util.Date;

public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    /**
     * 校验
     */
    public void validateSave() {
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(name)){
            addFieldError("name","姓名不能为空");
        }
    }

    public String save(){
        System.out.println("保存："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String update(){
        System.out.println("更新："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }
    @SkipValidation
    public String queryAll(){
        System.out.println("查询："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

}

• • • struts.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="save" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="save">
            <result name="input" >/save.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="update" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="update">
            <result name="input" >/update.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="queryAll" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="queryAll">
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

• • • 访问：http://localhost:8080/项目名/queryAll，不会出现错误。　　　　

4.4 声明式校验

4.4.1 针对Action类中的所有方法进行校验

• 是基于xwork框架的。
• 只需要在编写Action的名称-validation.xml即可。

• 示例：
  • save.jsp　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/save" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • update.jsp　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/update" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name" value="23"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="20"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" value="1992-02-02" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • PersonAction.java　　

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import java.util.Date;

public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String save(){
        System.out.println("保存："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String update(){
        System.out.println("更新："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String queryAll(){
        System.out.println("查询："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

}

• • struts.xml　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="save" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="save">
            <result name="input" >/save.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="update" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="update">
            <result name="input" >/update.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="queryAll" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="queryAll">
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

• • PersonAction-validation.xml　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
<validators>
    <field name="name">
        <field-validator type="requiredstring">
            <message>名字不能为空</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>

• • 我们通过访问http://localhostL8080/项目名/save.jsp和http://localhost:8080/项目名/update.jsp，会发现只要姓名为空，那么Struts2框架就会校验。　　

4.4.2 针对Action类中的指定方法进行校验

• 方式一：在4.4.1方式的基础上使用@SkipValidation注解即可。
  • 示例:
    • web.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

• • • save.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/save" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • • update.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/update" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name" value="23"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="20"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" value="1992-02-02" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • • PersonAction.java　　　　

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.SkipValidation;

import java.util.Date;

public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String save(){
        System.out.println("保存："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String update(){
        System.out.println("更新："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    @SkipValidation
    public String queryAll(){
        System.out.println("查询："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

}

• • • PersonAction-validation.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
<validators>
    <field name="name">
        <field-validator type="requiredstring">
            <message>名字不能为空</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>

• • • struts.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="save" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="save">
            <result name="input" >/save.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="update" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="update">
            <result name="input" >/update.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="queryAll" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="queryAll">
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

• • • 当我们访问的是http://localhost:8080/项目名/queryAll的时候，发现Struts2的校验并没有起作用。　　　　

• 方式二：如果需要校验的动作类的动作方法是save，那么校验的配置文件就是PersonAction-save-validation.xml
  • 示例：
    • web.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

• • • save.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/save" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • • update.jsp　　　　

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title></title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <s:fielderror/>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/update" method="post">
    姓名:<input type="text"  name="name" value="23"/><br/>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="20"/><br/>
    出生日期:<input type="text" name="birthday" value="1992-02-02" /><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br/>
  </form>

  </body>
</html>

• • • PersonAction.java　　　　

package com.xuweiwei.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.SkipValidation;

import java.util.Date;

public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Date birthday;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String save(){
        System.out.println("保存："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String update(){
        System.out.println("更新："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

    public String queryAll(){
        System.out.println("查询："+name+","+age+","+birthday);
        return Action.NONE;
    }

}

• • • PersonAction-save-validation.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
<validators>
    <field name="name">
        <field-validator type="requiredstring">
            <message>名字不能为空</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>

• • • struts.xml　　　　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"></constant>
    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="save" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="save">
            <result name="input" >/save.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="update" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="update">
            <result name="input" >/update.jsp</result>
        </action>
        <action name="queryAll" class="com.xuweiwei.action.PersonAction" method="queryAll">
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

• • • 当我们访问http://localhost:8080/项目名/update.jsp将name的值设置为空和访问http://localhost:8080/项目名/queryAll的时候会发现Struts2的校验框架并没有起作用。