使用SVG基本操作API
前面的话
本文将详细介绍SVG基本操作API，并使用这些API制作实例效果
效果演示
下面是利用SVG基本操作API制作的一个前端开发学习目录。点击中间的元素，可随机旋转。点击目录内容，可进入相关页面。宽边框的元素表示为二级目录
基础API
在javascript中，可以使用一些基本的API来对SVG进行操作
【NS地址】
因为SVG定义在其自身的命令空间下，而不是HTML的命名空间下，可以作为单独的XML文件存在。所以需要使用自身的NS地址
有两个常用的NS地址
var SVG_NS = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg";
var XLINK_NS = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink";
【创建图形】
document.createElementNS(SVG_NS,tagName);
【添加图形】
element.appendChild(childElement)
【设置/获取属性】
element.setAttribute(name,value);
element.getAttribute(name);
【设置xlink】
<a>、<textPath>等标签需要设置xlink属性
element.setAttributeNS(XLINK_NS,'xlink:href',value);
封装函数
将创建标签及添加属性的操作封闭成一个函数，方便复用
function createTag(tag,objAttr){
var oTag = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',tag);
for(var attr in objAttr){
if(attr == 'xlink:href'){
oTag.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",attr,objAttr[attr]);
}else{
oTag.setAttribute(attr,objAttr[attr]);
}
}
return oTag;
}
下面通过该函数，创建一个圆形
<script>
function createTag(tag,objAttr){
var oTag = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',tag);
for(var attr in objAttr){
if(attr == 'xlink:href'){
oTag.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",attr,objAttr[attr]);
}else{
oTag.setAttribute(attr,objAttr[attr]);
}
}
return oTag;
}
var oSvg = createTag('svg',{'version':'1.1','xmls':'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',height:'70'});
var oCircle = createTag('circle',{'cx':'25','cy':'25','r':20,'fill':'pink'});
oSvg.appendChild(oCircle);
document.body.appendChild(oSvg);
</script>
实例
下面通过SVG基本操作API，创建一个可交互的SVG实例
<style>
#box{
height: 300px;
width: 300px;
background: hsl(20,40%,90%);
background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#fb3 11px,transparent 0),
linear-gradient(90deg,#ab4 23px,transparent 0),
linear-gradient(90deg,#655 41px,transparent 0);
background-size: 41px 100%,61px 100%,83px 100%;
}
</style>
<div id="box"></div>
<script>
var oSvg = createTag('svg',{'version':'1.1','xmls':'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',height:'100%',width:'100%'});
var oBox = document.getElementById('box');
var W = parseInt(getComputedStyle(oBox).width);
var H = parseInt(getComputedStyle(oBox).height);
var appearance = {
'dis':H/3,
'r0':H/8,'r':H/10,
'x0':W/2,'y0':H/2,
'fontSize':H/20,
'bg0':'hsla(0,0%,100%,.6)','bg':'hsla(0,0%,100%,.3)',
'color0':'hsl(210,13%,30%)','color':'hsl(210,13%,30%)',
'borderColor0':'rgba(0,0,0,0.3)','bordercolor':'rgba(0,0,0,0.3)',
'strokWidth0':3,'strokWidth':2,
'lineColor':'rgba(0,0,0,0.3)','lineWidth':1,'lineDashed':'5,5'
}
var data = {
text:'前端开发',
children:[
{text:'HTML',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5203223.html'},
{text:'CSS',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5249139.html'},
{text:'JS',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5613593.html'},
{text:'ES6',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/7233392.html'},
{text:'HTTP',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6392010.html'},
{text:'NodeJS',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6940560.html'},
{text:'前端工具',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6666415.html'},
],
}
addChildenTags();
addCenterTag();
oBox.appendChild(oSvg);
function createTag(tag,objAttr){
var oTag = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',tag);
for(var attr in objAttr){
if(attr == 'xlink:href'){
oTag.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",attr,objAttr[attr]);
}else{
oTag.setAttribute(attr,objAttr[attr]);
}
}
return oTag;
}
function addCenterTag(){
var oG = createTag('g',{'style':'cursor:default'});
var oCircle = createTag('circle',{'cx':appearance.x0,'cy':appearance.y0,'r':appearance.r0,'fill':appearance.bg0,'stroke':appearance.borderColor0,'stroke-width':appearance.strokWidth0});
var oText = createTag('text',{'x':appearance.x0,'y':appearance.y0,'font-size':appearance.fontSize,'text-anchor':'middle','dominant-baseline':'middle','stroke-width':appearance.strokWidth0});
oText.innerHTML = data.text;
oG.appendChild(oCircle);
oG.appendChild(oText);
oSvg.appendChild(oG);
}
function addChildenTags(){
var children = data.children;
var length = children.length;
var deg = (360/length)*(2*Math.PI)/360;
for(var i = 0; i < children.length;i++){
var cos = Math.cos(deg*i - 90);
var sin = Math.sin(deg*i - 90);
var x = appearance.x0 + appearance.dis*cos;
var y = appearance.y0 + appearance.dis*sin;
var oA = createTag('a',{'xlink:href':children[i].url,'target':'_black'});
var oG = createTag('g',{'style':'cursor:pointer'});
oG.index = i;
var oLine = createTag('line',{'x1':x-appearance.r*cos,y1:y-appearance.r*sin,x2:appearance.x0+appearance.r0*cos,y2:appearance.y0+appearance.r0*sin,'stroke':appearance.lineColor,'stroke-width':appearance.lineWidth,'stroke-dasharray':appearance.lineDashed,'style':'transition:.5s'});
var oLineHelper = createTag('line',{'x1':x-appearance.r*cos,y1:y-appearance.r*sin,x2:appearance.x0+appearance.r0*cos,y2:appearance.y0+appearance.r0*sin,'stroke':'transparent','stroke-width':10});
var oCircle = createTag('circle',{'cx':x,'cy':y,'r':appearance.r,'fill':appearance.bg,'stroke':appearance.bordercolor,'stroke-width':appearance.strokWidth,'class':'frostedglass'});
var oText = createTag('text',{'x':x,'y':y,'font-size':appearance.fontSize,'text-anchor':'middle','dominant-baseline':'middle','stroke-width':appearance.strokWidth,fill:appearance.color});
oText.innerHTML = children[i].text;
oG.appendChild(oLine);
oG.appendChild(oLineHelper);
oG.appendChild(oCircle);
oG.appendChild(oText);
oA.appendChild(oG);
oSvg.appendChild(oA);
oG.onmouseenter = function(){
elasticMove(this,appearance.r*1.2);
var line = this.children[0];
line.removeAttribute('stroke-dasharray');
line.setAttribute('stroke-width',appearance.lineWidth*3);
line.setAttribute('x1',appearance.x0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r0)*Math.cos(deg*this.index - 90));
line.setAttribute('y1',appearance.y0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r0)*Math.sin(deg*this.index - 90));
}
oG.onmouseleave = function(){
elasticMove(this,appearance.r);
var line = this.children[0];
line.setAttribute('stroke-width',appearance.lineWidth);
line.setAttribute('stroke-dasharray',appearance.lineDashed);
line.setAttribute('x1',appearance.x0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r)*Math.cos(deg*this.index - 90));
line.setAttribute('y1',appearance.y0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r)*Math.sin(deg*this.index - 90));
}
}
}
function elasticMove(obj,str){
var circle = obj.getElementsByTagName('circle')[0];
var r0 = circle.getAttribute('r');
var r = Number(str);
//声明步长值
var step = 0;
//声明弹性距离
var len = r - r0;
//声明弹性系数
var k = 0.7;
//声明损耗系数
var z= 0.7;
//声明当前值
var cur = r0;
clearInterval(circle.timer);
circle.timer = setInterval(function(){
//获取当前值cur
cur = circle.getAttribute('r');
//更新弹性距离
len = r - cur;
//弹力影响
step += len*k;
//阻力影响
step = step*z;
//赋值
circle.setAttribute('r',Number(cur) + step);
//当元素的步长值接近于0，并且弹性距离接近于0时，停止定时器
if(Math.round(step) == 0 && Math.round(len) == 0){
circle.setAttribute('r',r);
clearInterval(circle.timer);
}
},30);
}
</script>
下面是效果演示
【改进版】
下面的改进版增加了二级目录，并增加了一些动态效果
<style>
#box{
height: 300px;
width: 300px;
background: hsl(20,40%,90%);
background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#fb3 11px,transparent 0),
linear-gradient(90deg,#ab4 23px,transparent 0),
linear-gradient(90deg,#655 41px,transparent 0);
background-size: 41px 100%,61px 100%,83px 100%;
}
</style>
<div id="box"></div>
<script>
var oSvg = createTag('svg',{'version':'1.1','xmls':'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',height:'100%',width:'100%'});
var oBox = document.getElementById('box');
var W = parseInt(getComputedStyle(oBox).width);
var H = parseInt(getComputedStyle(oBox).height);
var appearance = {
'dis':H/3,
'r0':H/8,'r':H/10,
'x0':W/2,'y0':H/2,
'fontSize':H/24,
'bg0':'rgba(255,255,255,.6)','bg':'rgba(255,255,255,.6)',
'borderColor0':'rgba(0,0,0,.3)','bordercolor':'rgba(0,0,0,.3)',
'strokeWidth0':4,'strokeWidth1':2,'strokeWidth2':4,
'lineColor':'rgba(0,0,0,0.3)','lineWidth':1,'lineDashed':'5,5',
'backX':W/20,'backY':H/20,'backFill':'rgba(0,0,0,.3)','backScale':'0.4',
}
var data = {
text:'前端开发',
children:[
{text:'PS',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5657404.html'},
{text:'HTML',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5203223.html'},
{text:'CSS',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5249139.html'},
{text:'JS',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/5613593.html'},
{text:'ES6',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/7233392.html'},
{text:'HTTP',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6392010.html'},
{text:'前端工具',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6666415.html'},
{text:'前端框架',url:'#',children:[
{text:'Bootstrap',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/7097376.html'},
{text:'jQuery',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6489658.html'},
{text:'Vue',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/7356084.html'}, ]},
{text:'后端相关',url:'#',children:[
{text:'NodeJS',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6940560.html'},
{text:'MongoDB',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/7372243.html'},
{text:'PHP',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6038637.html'},
{text:'MySQL',url:'http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaohuochai/p/6081482.html'},
]},
],
}
function init(){
addChildenTags(data.children);
addCenterTag(data);
oBox.appendChild(oSvg);
}
init();function createTag(tag,objAttr){
var oTag = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',tag);
for(var attr in objAttr){
if(attr == 'xlink:href'){
oTag.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink",attr,objAttr[attr]);
}else{
oTag.setAttribute(attr,objAttr[attr]);
}
}
return oTag;
}
function addCenterTag(obj){
var oG = createTag('g',{'style':'cursor:pointer'});
var oCircle = createTag('circle',{'cx':appearance.x0,'cy':appearance.y0,'r':appearance.r0,'fill':appearance.bg0,'stroke':appearance.borderColor0,'stroke-width':appearance.strokeWidth0});
var oText = createTag('text',{'x':appearance.x0,'y':appearance.y0,'font-size':appearance.fontSize,'text-anchor':'middle','dominant-baseline':'middle','stroke-width':appearance.strokeWidth0});
oText.innerHTML = obj.text;
oG.appendChild(oCircle);
oG.appendChild(oText);
oSvg.appendChild(oG);
oG.onclick = function(e){
e = e || event;
oSvg.innerHTML = '';
if(obj.url == '#'){
addChildenTags(obj.children);
addBackTag();
}else{
addChildenTags(data.children);
}
addCenterTag(obj);
}
}
function addBackTag(){
var oG = createTag('g',{'style':'cursor:pointer'});
var oClipPath = createTag('clipPath',{'id':'clipPath1'});
var oPolygon = createTag('polygon',{'points':'40 0, 40 20, 100 20, 100 80, 40 80, 40 100, 0 50'});
var oRect = createTag('rect',{'x':0,'y':0,'width':100,'height':100,'fill':appearance.backFill,'clip-path':'url(#clipPath1)','transform':'scale(' + appearance.backScale + ') translate(' + appearance.backX + ','+appearance.backY + ')',});
oClipPath.appendChild(oPolygon);
oG.appendChild(oClipPath);
oG.appendChild(oRect);
oSvg.appendChild(oG);
oG.onclick = function(){
oSvg.innerHTML = '';
addChildenTags(data.children);
addCenterTag(data);
}
}
function randomArr(arr){
return arr.sort(function(){return Math.random() - 0.5});
}
function addChildenTags(children){
var length = children.length;
var deg = (360/length)*(2*Math.PI)/360;
var posArr = [];
var randomRotate = Math.floor(360*Math.random());
for(var i = 0; i < children.length;i++){
var cos = Math.cos(deg*i - randomRotate);
var sin = Math.sin(deg*i - randomRotate);
var x = appearance.x0 + appearance.dis*cos;
var y = appearance.y0 + appearance.dis*sin;
posArr[i] = {index:i,cos:cos,sin:sin,x:x,y:y};
}
randomArr(posArr);
for(var i = 0; i < children.length;i++){
var oA = createTag('a',{'xlink:href':children[i].url,'target':'_black'});
oA.obj = children[i];
oA.index = posArr[i].index;
var oG = createTag('g',{'style':'cursor:pointer'});
var oLine = createTag('line',{'x1':posArr[i].x-appearance.r*posArr[i].cos,y1:posArr[i].y-appearance.r*posArr[i].sin,x2:appearance.x0+appearance.r0*posArr[i].cos,y2:appearance.y0+appearance.r0*posArr[i].sin,'stroke':appearance.lineColor,'stroke-width':appearance.lineWidth,'stroke-dasharray':appearance.lineDashed,'style':'transition:.5s'});
var oLineHelper = createTag('line',{'x1':posArr[i].x-appearance.r*posArr[i].cos,y1:posArr[i].y-appearance.r*posArr[i].sin,x2:appearance.x0+appearance.r0*posArr[i].cos,y2:appearance.y0+appearance.r0*posArr[i].sin,'stroke':'transparent','stroke-width':10});
if(oA.obj.url === '#'){
var oCircle = createTag('circle',{'cx':posArr[i].x,'cy':posArr[i].y,'r':appearance.r,'fill':appearance.bg,'stroke':appearance.bordercolor,'stroke-width':appearance.strokeWidth2,'class':'frostedglass'});
}else{
var oCircle = createTag('circle',{'cx':posArr[i].x,'cy':posArr[i].y,'r':appearance.r,'fill':appearance.bg,'stroke':appearance.bordercolor,'stroke-width':appearance.strokeWidth1,'class':'frostedglass'});
} var oText = createTag('text',{'x':posArr[i].x,'y':posArr[i].y,'font-size':appearance.fontSize,'text-anchor':'middle','dominant-baseline':'middle','stroke-width':appearance.strokeWidth1,fill:appearance.color});
oText.innerHTML = children[i].text;
oG.appendChild(oLine);
oG.appendChild(oLineHelper);
oG.appendChild(oCircle);
oG.appendChild(oText);
oA.appendChild(oG);
oSvg.appendChild(oA);
oA.onmouseenter = function(){
elasticMove(this,appearance.r*1.2);
var line = this.getElementsByTagName('line')[0];
line.removeAttribute('stroke-dasharray');
line.setAttribute('stroke-width',appearance.lineWidth*3);
line.setAttribute('x1',appearance.x0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r0)*Math.cos(deg*this.index - randomRotate));
line.setAttribute('y1',appearance.y0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r0)*Math.sin(deg*this.index - randomRotate));
}
oA.onmouseleave = function(){
elasticMove(this,appearance.r);
var line = this.getElementsByTagName('line')[0];
line.setAttribute('stroke-width',appearance.lineWidth);
line.setAttribute('stroke-dasharray',appearance.lineDashed);
line.setAttribute('x1',appearance.x0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r)*Math.cos(deg*this.index - randomRotate));
line.setAttribute('y1',appearance.y0+(appearance.dis - appearance.r)*Math.sin(deg*this.index - randomRotate));
}
oA.onclick = function(e){
e = e || event;
if(this.obj.url === '#'){
e.preventDefault();
oSvg.innerHTML = '';
addCenterTag(this.obj);
addChildenTags(this.obj.children);
addBackTag();
}
}
}
}
function elasticMove(obj,str){
var circle = obj.getElementsByTagName('circle')[0];
var r0 = circle.getAttribute('r');
var r = Number(str);
//声明步长值
var step = 0;
//声明弹性距离
var len = r - r0;
//声明弹性系数
var k = 0.7;
//声明损耗系数
var z= 0.7;
//声明当前值
var cur = r0;
clearInterval(circle.timer);
circle.timer = setInterval(function(){
//获取当前值cur
cur = circle.getAttribute('r');
//更新弹性距离
len = r - cur;
//弹力影响
step += len*k;
//阻力影响
step = step*z;
//赋值
circle.setAttribute('r',Number(cur) + step);
//当元素的步长值接近于0，并且弹性距离接近于0时，停止定时器
if(Math.round(step) == 0 && Math.round(len) == 0){
circle.setAttribute('r',r);
clearInterval(circle.timer);
}
},30);
}
</script>
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