Databases Questions & Answers
Databases Questions & Answers
1. What are two methods of retrieving SQL?
2. What cursor type do you use to retrieve multiple recordsets?
3. What action do you have to perform before retrieving data from the next result set of a stored procedure?
Move the cursor down one row from its current position. A ResultSet cursor is initially positioned before the first row. Before you can get to the first row, you would need to Move the cursor down by one row ( For ex: in java the first call to next makes the first row the current row; the second call makes the second row the current row, and so on).
4. What is the basic form of a SQL statement to read data out of a table?
SELECT * FROM table_name;
5. What structure can you have the database make to speed up table reads?
The question is not correct. "What structure can you have the database make to speed up table reads?" It is not clear what exactly the term "structure" means in this case. Follow the rules of DB tuning we have to:
1) properly use indexes ( different types of indexes)
2) properly locate different DB objects across different tablespaces, files and so on.
3) Create a special space (tablespace) to locate some of the data with special datatypes( for example CLOB, LOB and ...)
6. What is a "join"?
Joins merge the data of two related tables into a single result set, presenting a denormalized view of the data.
7. What is a "constraint"?
A constraint allows you to apply simple referential integrity checks to a table. There are 5 primary types of constraints that are currently supported by SQL Server:
PRIMARY/UNIQUE - enforces uniqueness of a particular table column.
DEFAULT - specifies a default value for a column in case an insert operation does not provide one.
FOREIGN KEY - validates that every value in a column exists in a column of another table.
CHECK - checks that every value stored in a column is in some specified list
NOT NULL - is a constraint which does not allow values in the specific column to be null. And also it is the only constraint which is not a table level constraint.
8. What is a "primary key"?
Primary Key is a type of a constraint enforcing uniqueness and data integrity for each row of a table. All columns participating in a primary key constraint must possess the NOT NULL property.
9. What is a "functional dependency"? How does it relate to database table design?
What functional dependence in the context of a database means is that: Assume that a table exists in the database called TABLE with a composite primary key (A, B) and other non-key attributes (C, D, E). Functional dependency in general, would mean that any non-key attribute - C D or E being dependent on the primary key (A and B) in our table here.
Partial functional dependency, on the other hand, is another corollary of the above, which states that all non-key attributes - C D or E - if dependent on the subset of the primary key (A and B) and not on it as a whole.
Example :
----------
Fully Functional Dependent : C D E --> A B
Partial Functional dependency : C --> A, D E --> B
Hope that helps!
10. What is a "trigger"?
A trigger is a database object directly associated with a particular table. It fires whenever a specific statement/type of statement is issued against that table. The types of statements are insert, update, delete and query statements. Basically, trigger is a set of SQL statements that execute in response to a data modification/retrieval event on a table.
Other than table triggers there are also schema and database triggers. These can be made to fire when new objects are created, when a user logs in, when the database shutdown etc. Table level triggers can be classified into row and statement level triggers and those can be further broken down into before and after triggers. Before triggers can modify data.
11. What is "index covering" of a query?
A nonclustered index that includes (or covers) all columns used in a query is called a covering index. When SQL server can use a nonclustered index to resolve the query, it will prefer to scan the index rather than the table, which typically takes fewer data pages. If your query uses only columns included in the index, then SQL server may scan this index to produce the desired output.
12. What is a SQL view?
View is a precomplied SQL query which is used to select data from one or more tables. A view is like a table but it doesn't physically take any space. View is a good way to present data in a particular format if you use that query quite often.
View can also be used to restrict users from accessing the tables directly.
A view otherwise known as a virtual table is a mere window over the base tables in the database. This helps us gain a couple of advantages:
1) Inherent security exposing only the data that is needed to be shown to the end user
2) Views are updateable based on certain conditions. For example, updates can only be directed to one underlying table of the view. After modification if the rows or columns don't comply with the conditions that the view was created with, those rows disappear from the view. You could use the CHECK OPTION with the view definition, to make sure that any updates to make the rows invalid will not be permitted to run.
3) Views are not materialized (given a physical structure) in a database. Each time a view is queried the definition stored in the database is run against the base tables to retrieve the data. One exception to this is to create a clustered index on the view to make it persistent in the database. Once you create a clustered index on the view, you can create any number of non-clustered indexes on the view.
Databases Questions & Answers的更多相关文章
- UNIX command Questions Answers asked in Interview
UNIX or Linux operating system has become default Server operating system and for whichever programm ...
- 问题与解答 [Questions & Answers]
您可以通过发表评论的方式提问题, 我如果有时间就会思考, 并给出答案的链接. 如果您学过Latex, 发表评论的时候请直接输入Latex公式; 反之, 请直接上传图片 (扫描.拍照.mathtype ...
- Financial Information Exchange (FIX) Protocol Interview Questions Answers[z]
What do you mean by Warrant?Warrant is a financial product which gives right to holder to Buy or Sel ...
- 转----------数据库常见笔试面试题 - Hectorhua的专栏 - CSDN博客
数据库基础(面试常见题) 一.数据库基础 1. 数据抽象:物理抽象.概念抽象.视图级抽象,内模式.模式.外模式 2. SQL语言包括数据定义.数据操纵(Data Manipulation),数据控制( ...
- 40 Questions to test your skill in Python for Data Science
Comes from: https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2017/05/questions-python-for-data-science/ Python i ...
- Python 绝对简明手册
Python 绝对简明手册 help(函数名)来获取相关信息 另外,自带的文档和google也是不可少的 2. 基本语法2.1. if / elif / else x=int(raw_input(&q ...
- 【Python五篇慢慢弹】数据结构看python
数据结构看python 作者:白宁超 2016年10月9日14:04:47 摘要:继<快速上手学python>一文之后,笔者又将python官方文档认真学习下.官方给出的pythondoc ...
- python数据结构
. 数据结构¶ .1. 深入列表¶ 链表类型有很多方法,这里是链表类型的所有方法: list.append(x) 把一个元素添加到链表的结尾,相当于 a[len(a):] = [x] . list ...
- python 字典 注意点
dict()构造函数直接从键-值对序列创建字典: >>> >>> dict([('sape', 4139), ('guido', 4127), ('jack', 4 ...
随机推荐
- HTTP 请求过程
如下,我们在浏览器输入一个域名,按回车之后,便向该域名对应的服务器发送了一个请求:服务器接收到这个请求后进行处理和解析,然后返回响应的内容给浏览器,浏览器再对其进行解析然后呈现网页 我们可以通过 Ch ...
- 用gcc编译成可执行程序 (转)
#gcc hello.c 该命令将hello.c直接生成最终二进制可执行程序a.out 这条命令隐含执行了(1)预处理.(2)汇编.(3)编译并(4)链接形成最终的二进制可执行程序.这里未指定输出文件 ...
- js中解析json时候的eval和$.parseJSON()的区别以及JSON.stringify()
1.第一个区别是:安全性 json格式非常受欢迎,而解析json的方式通常用JSON.parse()但是eval()方法也可以解析,这两者之间有什么区别呢? JSON.parse()之可以解 ...
- C++成员初始化列表的语法
如果Classy是一个累,而mem1.mem2.mem3都是这个类的数据称源,则类构造函数可以使用如下的语法来初始化数据成员:Classy::Classy(int n, int m) : mem1(n ...
- KVC与Runtime结合使用(案例)及其底层原理
一.KVC 的用法和实践 用法 KVC(Key-value coding)键值编码,顾名思义.额,简单来说,是可以通过对象属性名称(Key)直接给属性值(value)编码(coding)“编码”可以理 ...
- java基础---->java输入输出流
今天我们总结一下java中关于输入流和输出流的知识,博客的代码选自Thinking in java一书.我突然很想忘了你,就像从未遇见你. java中的输入流 huhx.txt文件的内容如下: I l ...
- hdu 5318 The Goddess Of The Moon
The Goddess Of The Moon Time Limit: 6000/3000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/ ...
- [黑金原创教程] FPGA那些事儿《数学篇》- CORDIC 算法
简介 一本为完善<设计篇>的书,教你CORDIC算法以及定点数等,内容请看目录. 贴士 这本教程难度略高,请先用<时序篇>垫底. 目录 Experiment 01:认识CORD ...
- chrom调试
2.Event Listeners 可以看到事件找到对应在标签点开里有useCapture, passive: once: handler等等右键handler 的"show functio ...
- Lucene构建索引时的一些概念和索引构建的过程
在搜索文档内容之前要做的事情就是对从各种不同来源(网页,数据库,电子邮件等)的文档进行索引,索引的过程就是对内容进行提取,规范化(通过对内容进行建模来实现),然后存储. 在索引的过程中有几个基本的概念 ...