Java Web系列：Spring Boot 基础 （转）

@OneToOne or @ManyToOne

Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: @OneToOne or @ManyToOne on com.lpp.domain.User.roles references an unknown entity: java.util.List
    at org.hibernate.cfg.ToOneFkSecondPass.doSecondPass(ToOneFkSecondPass.java:97) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processEndOfQueue(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1786) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processFkSecondPassesInOrder(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1730) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processSecondPasses(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1617) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:278) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:847) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:874) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-5.0.11.Final.jar:5.0.11.Final]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:60) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:353) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:373) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:362) ~[spring-orm-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687) ~[spring-beans-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624) ~[spring-beans-4.3.6.RELEASE.jar:4.3.6.RELEASE]
    ... 44 common frames omitted

解决办法：

将：

@Entity
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String name;
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")//保证存取时有正确的格式
    private Date createDate;
    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "department_id")//user表中使用department_id字段来表示部门id
    @JsonBackReference//防止关系对象的递归访问
    private Department department;

    @ManyToOne(cascade = {}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinTable(name = "user_role",
            joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "user_id")},
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "role_id")})
    //中间表user_role来存在各自的id,以表示它们的对应关系
    private List<Role> roles;

改为：

@Entity
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String name;
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")//保证存取时有正确的格式
    private Date createDate;
    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "department_id")//user表中使用department_id字段来表示部门id
    @JsonBackReference//防止关系对象的递归访问
    private Department department;

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinTable(name = "user_role",
            joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "user_id", referencedColumnName = "ID")},
            inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "role_id", referencedColumnName = "ID")})
    //中间表user_role来存在各自的id,以表示它们的对应关系
    private List<Role> roles;

Spring Boot 项目（参考1） 提供了一个类似ASP.NET MVC的默认模板一样的标准样板，直接集成了一系列的组件并使用了默认的配置。使用Spring Boot 不会降低学习成本，甚至增加了学习成本，但显著降低了使用成本并提高了开发效率。如果没有Spring基础不建议直接上手。

1.基础项目

这里只关注基于Maven的项目构建，使用Spring Boot CLI命令行工具和Gradle构建方式请参考官网。

（1）创建项目：

创建类型为quickstart的Maven项目，删除默认生成的.java文件保持默认的Maven目录即可。

（2）修改/pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

（3）添加/src/main/sample/controller/HomeController.java文件：

package simple.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
public class HomeController {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }
}

（4）添加/src/main/sample/Application.java文件：

package simple;

import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import simple.controller.*;

@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
    }

}

在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/，即可直接看到"Hello World"运行结果。

2. 添加数据访问支持

（1）修改pom，添加spring-boot-starter-data-jpa和h2依赖:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

如果需要在控制台查看生成SQL语句，可以添加/src/main/resources/application.properties

1 spring.h2.console.enabled=true
2 logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=debug

（2）添加实体

添加User、Role、Category和Post实体。

User:

package simple.domain;

import java.util.*;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String userName;

    private String password;

    private String Email;

    @javax.persistence.Version
    private Long Version;

    @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<Role> roles = new ArrayList<Role>();

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return Email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        Email = email;
    }

    public List<Role> getRoles() {
        return roles;
    }

    public void setRoles(List<Role> roles) {
        this.roles = roles;
    }

    public Long getVersion() {
        return Version;
    }

    public void setVersion(Long version) {
        Version = version;
    }
}

Role:

package simple.domain;

import java.util.*;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class Role {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String roleName;

    @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getRoleName() {
        return roleName;
    }

    public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
        this.roleName = roleName;
    }

    public List<User> getUsers() {
        return users;
    }

    public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
        this.users = users;
    }
}

Category:

package simple.domain;

import java.util.*;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class Category {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String Name;

    @OneToMany
    private List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return Name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        Name = name;
    }

    public List<Post> getPosts() {
        return posts;
    }

    public void setPosts(List<Post> posts) {
        this.posts = posts;
    }
}

Post:

package simple.domain;

import java.util.*;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class Post {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;

    private String Name;

    private String Html;

    private String Text;

    private Date CreateAt;

    @ManyToOne
    private Category category;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return Name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        Name = name;
    }

    public String getHtml() {
        return Html;
    }

    public void setHtml(String html) {
        Html = html;
    }

    public String getText() {
        return Text;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        Text = text;
    }

    public Date getCreateAt() {
        return CreateAt;
    }

    public void setCreateAt(Date createAt) {
        CreateAt = createAt;
    }

    public Category getCategory() {
        return category;
    }

    public void setCategory(Category category) {
        this.category = category;
    }
}

（3）添加资源库

添加UserRepository、RoleRepository、CategoryRepository和PostRepository接口，无需实现。

UserRepository:

package simple.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.*;

import simple.domain.*;

public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {

}

RoleRepository

package simple.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.*;

import simple.domain.*;

public interface RoleRepository extends CrudRepository<Role, Long> {

}

CategoryRepository

package simple.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.*;

import simple.domain.*;

public interface CategoryRepository extends CrudRepository<Category, Long> {

}

PostRepository

package simple.repository;

import org.springframework.data.repository.*;

import simple.domain.*;

public interface PostRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {

}

（4）在控制器中注入资源库接口

package simple.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import simple.repository.*;

@RestController
public class HomeController {

    private UserRepository userRepository;
    private RoleRepository roleRepository;
    private CategoryRepository categoryRepository;
    private PostRepository postReppository;

    @Autowired
    public HomeController(UserRepository userRepository, RoleRepository roleRepository,
            CategoryRepository categoryRepository, PostRepository postReppository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
        this.roleRepository = roleRepository;
        this.categoryRepository = categoryRepository;
        this.postReppository = postReppository;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public long index() {
        return userRepository.count();
    }
}

使用事务时在方法上应用注解@Transactional

3.添加验证和授权支持

（1）添加spring-boot-starter-security依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

（2）修改Application.java

package simple;

import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.*;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler;

import simple.controller.*;

@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication.run(new Object[] { Application.class, HomeController.class }, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter webSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
        return new MyWebSecurityConfigurer();
    }

    public static class MyWebSecurityConfigurer extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
        @Override
        protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.csrf().disable();
            http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/account**", "/admin**").authenticated();
            http.formLogin().usernameParameter("userName").passwordParameter("password").loginPage("/login")
                    .loginProcessingUrl("/login").successHandler(new SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler())
                    .and().logout().logoutUrl("/logout").logoutSuccessUrl("/");
            http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("rememberMe");

        }
    }
}

访问http://localhost:8080/account会自动跳转到login登录页。Spring Security的具体使用前文已有所述。

参考：

（1）https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot

（2）http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/

http://www.cnblogs.com/easygame/p/5122522.html