FreeBSD利用 ports 來安裝軟體

FreeBSD利用 ports 來安裝軟體

 

利用 ports 來安裝軟體

FreeBSD 的 ports 就是別人已經編譯過，安裝測試沒問題了，他們將軟體編譯時所需的組態設定、編譯程序及安裝程序，都依照固定的格式擺在一起，當這些東西經由維護小組認可後即加入軟體蒐集中，對一般使用者而言， 我們只要先將某個軟體 ports 目錄下的檔案抓回來，然後很輕鬆的下：

make

make install

即可自動完成軟體的編譯和安裝 (也可以只用一行 make all install 來代替)。

用過 FreeBSD 的 ports 後，大部份的人都會被它這個完美的機制給吸引了， 這也是很多人喜歡用 FreeBSD 的主因之一哦。

 

一般 ports 在編譯時的運作流程：

fetch 抓取軟體的原始碼(source code)，它會依下面的順序搜尋：

先找 /usr/ports/distfiles

找 /etc/make.conf 中設定的網站

找 Makefile 中 MASTER_SITES 設定的網站

checksum 檢查原始檔的 checksum 吻不吻合

depends 檢查並自動安裝須先安裝的相關軟體

extract 檢查 source，並將它解開到 works 的目錄中

patch 對 source 做 patch，修改以符合 FreeBSD 的環境需求

configure 產生設定檔

build 開始編譯

install 將編譯好的東西安裝到系統中

 

 

1.生成配置文件

make config

2.删除配置文件

make rmconfig

3.抓取源码包

make fetch

4.抓取所有源码包（包括需要到的所有包）

make fetch-recursive

5.校验源码包

make checksum

6.编译、安装并删除临时文件

make install clean

7.编译、安装、将所有需要的port打包、安装、并删除临时文件

make depends_target=package package clean 

mkdir -p /usr/ports/packages/All/

生成的package会自动放到里面，否则放在port的当前目录

8.仅解开源码包

make extract

9.仅解开并打上patch

 make patch

10.删除临时文件及源码包

make distclean

11.查询port的依赖关系

make all-depends-list #显示所有相关的套件

make pretty-print-build-depends-list #显示编译期间所需要的套件

make pretty-print-run-depends-list #显示此套件要执行时所需要的套件

12.删除已经安装的port

 make deinstall

13.删除已经安装的port及其依赖

make deinstall-depends

14.重新安装port

 make reinstall

15.搜索port

 make search key=keyword

 make search name=nameword

16.指定port安装目录

make PREFIX=path install

17.更新port MK

 cd /usr/src/share/mk

 make install

18.解决安装时的sed -i 错误

make -DUSE_REINPLACE install

19.更新port index对照表

cd /usr/ports/

 make index

20.更新index html

 cd /usr/ports/

 make readmes

 

port的make命令参数信息

fetch - Retrieves $ (and $ if defined) into $ as necessary. 

fetch-list - Show list of files that would be retrieved by fetch. 

fetch-recursive - Retrieves $ (and $ if defined), for port and dependencies into $ as necessary. 

fetch-recursive-list - Show list of files that would be retrieved by fetch-recursive. 

fetch-required-list - Show list of files that would be retrieved by fetch-required. 

fetch-required - Retrieves $ (and $ if defined), for port and dependencies that are not already installed into $. 

all-depends-list - Show all directories which are dependencies for this port. 

build-depends-list - Show all directories which are build-dependencies for this port. 

package-depends-list - Show all directories which are package-dependencies for this port. 

run-depends-list - Show all directories which are run-dependencies for this port. extract - Unpacks $ into $. 

patch - Apply any provided patches to the source. 

configure - Runs either GNU configure, one or more local configure scripts or nothing, depending on what's available. 

build - Actually compile the sources. 

install - Install the results of a build. 

reinstall - Install the results of a build, ignoring "already installed" flag. 

deinstall - Remove the installation. 

deinstall-all - Remove all installations with the same PKGORIGIN. package - Create a package from an _installed_ port. 

package-recursive - Create a package for a port and _all_ of its dependancies. 

describe - Try to generate a one-line description for each port for use in INDEX files and the like. 

checkpatch - Do a "patch -C" instead of a "patch". Note that it may give incorrect results if multiple patches deal with the same file. 

checksum - Use distinfo to ensure that your distfiles are valid. 

checksum-recursive - Run checksum in this port and all dependencies. 

makesum - Generate distinfo (only do this for your own ports!). 

clean - Remove $ and other temporary files used for building. 

clean-depends - Do a "make clean" for all dependencies. 

config - Configure options for this port (using $). Automatically run prior to extract, patch, configure, build, install, and package. 

showconfig - Display options config for this port 

rmconfig - Remove the options config for this port