小记一下这两天更新服务器版本遇到的各种问题。

服务器系统: Gentoo

第一天

其实本来不打算更新系统的,因为最近想试试免费的SSL证书,于是自然而然搜到了letsencrypt,跟着他们的流程需要安装

$ sudo emerge -av app-crypt/certbot app-crypt/certbot-nginx

运行了下,结果给出的错误是:

!!! The following installed packages are masked:
- sys-devel/gcc-4.4.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:
# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,
# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> ( May and later updates)
# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no
# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using
# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for
# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security
# exploits.
# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and
# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific
# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system. - sys-libs/glibc-2.23-r3::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
- dev-perl/DBD-mysql-4.41.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:
# Kent Fredric <kentnl@gentoo.org> ( May )
# Subject to Man-in-the-middle security bypass vulnerability.
# Retained in tree only for users who need older versions
# for compatibility reasons.
# Bug: # - sys-devel/gcc-4.5.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
- sys-devel/binutils-2.26.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge
man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

看到这个错误我还是懵的状态,不懂什么意思,然后网上一通乱搜之后,糊里糊涂的觉得是不是应该更新一下portage树,于是运行如下命令:

$ sudo emerge --sync
$ sudo emerge --depclean
$ sudo emerge --update --newuse --deep --with-bdeps=y @world

前两个命令没有报错,最后一个命令肯定是没成功的,但是的错误信息跟之前的类似,意思就是要我去更新Protage版本。

第二天

又开始来折腾了,我这不达目的不罢休的精神也是可嘉。

网上开始搜索如何更新portage

$ sudo emerge -1v portage

打开man emerge, -l 的选项意思如下

   --changelog (-l)

              Use this in conjunction with the --pretend option.  This will  show  the

              ChangeLog entries for all the packages that will be upgraded.

 


上面命令的结果还是关于 EAPI

!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'
!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.
* Use eselect news read to view new items. These are the packages that would be merged, in order: Calculating dependencies... done! !!! All ebuilds that could satisfy "app-eselect/eselect-pinentry" have been masked.
!!! One of the following masked packages is required to complete your request:
- app-eselect/eselect-pinentry-0.7::gentoo (masked by: EAPI 7) The current version of portage supports EAPI '6'. You must upgrade to a
newer version of portage before EAPI masked packages can be installed.
(dependency required by "app-crypt/pinentry-1.1.0-r2::gentoo" [ebuild])
(dependency required by "app-crypt/gnupg-2.2.10::gentoo" [ebuild])
(dependency required by "sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1::gentoo[-build,rsync-verify]" [ebuild])
(dependency required by "portage" [argument])
For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge
man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

参考了https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1087032.html?sid=fc9d72cb8cbb9deac2142bfa542cc06f,照着运行了下面四个命令

sudo emerge --sync
sudo emerge -qav python
sudo USE='-rsync-verify' emerge -qavO portage
sudo emerge -qav portage

第一个命令没有什么知道参考的结果,下面从第二个命令开始

$ sudo emerge -qav python

  

这一步虽然有warning消息提示我有几个package被masked了,但是最终python还是安装成功了,结果如下:

Password:
!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'
!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.
* Use eselect news read to view new items. [ebuild U ] sys-devel/automake-1.15.1-r2 [1.15] USE="{-test%}"
[ebuild NS ] dev-lang/python-3.6.5 [2.7.14-r1, 3.1.3-r1, 3.4.5-r1] USE="gdbm ipv6 ncurses readline sqlite ssl (threads) xml -build -examples -hardened -libressl {-test} -tk -wininst" !!! The following installed packages are masked:
- sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
/usr/portage/profiles/releases/17.0/package.mask:
# Andreas K. Huettel <dilfridge@gentoo.org> (27 May 2017)
# In the 17.0 profiles we assume that our system compiler uses C++14
# or later as default language setting. This means it has to be at
# least GCC 6. If you need an older compiler for specific purposes,
# feel free to unmask it, however, using it for normal emerging of
# packages is neither recommended nor supported in any way. - sys-devel/binutils-2.29.1-r1::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:
# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,
# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> (21 May 2017 and later updates)
# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no
# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using
# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for
# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security
# exploits.
# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and
# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific
# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system. - sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
- sys-libs/glibc-2.25-r10::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge
man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook. Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No] yes
>>> Recording dev-lang/python in "world" favorites file...
>>> Verifying ebuild manifests
>>> Emerging (1 of 2) sys-devel/automake-1.15.1-r2::gentoo
>>> Installing (1 of 2) sys-devel/automake-1.15.1-r2::gentoo
>>> Emerging (2 of 2) dev-lang/python-3.6.5::gentoo
>>> Installing (2 of 2) dev-lang/python-3.6.5::gentoo
>>> Jobs: 2 of 2 complete Load avg: 2.01, 1.30, 0.63 * Messages for package dev-lang/python-3.6.5: * You have just upgraded from an older version of Python.
*
* Please adjust PYTHON_TARGETS (if so desired), and run emerge with the --newuse or --changed-use option to rebuild packages installing python modules. !!! existing preserved libs found * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.
* Use eselect news read to view new items.

然后运行

sudo USE='-rsync-verify' emerge -qavO portage

  

结果如下,没有报错:

Password:
!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'
!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.
* Use eselect news read to view new items. [ebuild U ] sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1 [2.3.3] USE="(ipc) native-extensions xattr -build -doc -epydoc -gentoo-dev% -rsync-verify% (-selinux) (-linguas_ru%)" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6* (-pypy) -python3_4* -python3_5 (-python3_7)" Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No] yes
>>> Verifying ebuild manifests
>>> Emerging (1 of 1) sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1::gentoo
>>> Installing (1 of 1) sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1::gentoo
>>> Jobs: 1 of 1 complete Load avg: 1.41, 1.14, 0.67 !!! existing preserved libs found * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.
* Use eselect news read to view new items.

  

继续运行最后一步:

$ sudo emerge -qav portage

完整结果输出如下:

!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'
!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.
* Use eselect news read to view new items. [ebuild N ] app-crypt/openpgp-keys-gentoo-release-20190102 USE="-test"
[ebuild N ] dev-libs/libunistring-0.9.10 USE="-doc -static-libs"
[ebuild U ] dev-libs/libgpg-error-1.29 [1.10] USE="nls -common-lisp -static-libs"
[ebuild N ] dev-libs/libassuan-2.5.1 USE="-static-libs"
[ebuild N ] dev-libs/libksba-1.3.5-r1 USE="-static-libs"
[ebuild N ] app-eselect/eselect-lib-bin-symlink-0.1.1
[ebuild N ] app-eselect/eselect-pinentry-0.7
[ebuild N ] dev-libs/libtasn1-4.13 USE="-doc -static-libs -test -valgrind"
[ebuild N ] net-dns/libidn2-2.0.4 USE="-static-libs"
[ebuild U ] dev-libs/libgcrypt-1.8.3 [1.4.6] USE="-doc% -o-flag-munging% -static-libs"
[ebuild N ] dev-libs/nettle-3.4 USE="gmp -doc (-neon) -static-libs -test" CPU_FLAGS_X86="-aes"
[ebuild N ] net-libs/gnutls-3.5.19 USE="cxx idn nls openssl seccomp tls-heartbeat zlib -dane -doc -examples -guile -openpgp -pkcs11 -sslv2 -sslv3 -static-libs -test (-test-full) -tools -valgrind"
[ebuild N ] app-crypt/pinentry-1.1.0-r2 USE="ncurses -caps -emacs -fltk -gnome-keyring -gtk -qt5 -static"
[ebuild N ] dev-python/bz2file-0.98 PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 (-pypy)"
[ebuild N ] app-crypt/gnupg-2.2.10 USE="bzip2 nls readline smartcard ssl -doc -ldap (-selinux) -tofu -tools -usb -wks-server"
[ebuild U ] dev-python/setuptools-40.6.3 [30.4.0] USE="-test" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6* (-pypy) (-pypy3) -python3_4* -python3_5 (-python3_7)"
[ebuild U ] dev-python/certifi-2018.4.16 [2016.9.26] PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6* (-pypy) (-pypy3) -python3_4* -python3_5 (-python3_7)"
[ebuild N ] dev-python/pyblake2-1.1.2 PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6 (-pypy) (-pypy3) -python3_4 -python3_5 (-python3_7)"
[ebuild N ] app-portage/gemato-14.0 USE="blake2 bzip2 gpg -lzma -sha3 -test -tools" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6 (-pypy) -python3_4 -python3_5 (-python3_7)"
[ebuild R ] sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1 USE="(ipc) native-extensions rsync-verify* xattr -build -doc -epydoc -gentoo-dev (-selinux)" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6 (-pypy) -python3_4 -python3_5 (-python3_7)" !!! Multiple package instances within a single package slot have been pulled
!!! into the dependency graph, resulting in a slot conflict: dev-python/setuptools:0 (dev-python/setuptools-40.6.3:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by
>=dev-python/setuptools-34[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (app-portage/gemato-14.0:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)
^^ ^^
dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (dev-python/pyblake2-1.1.2:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (dev-python/certifi-2018.4.16:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (app-portage/gemato-14.0:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) (dev-python/setuptools-30.4.0:0/0::gentoo, installed) pulled in by
dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26:0/0::gentoo, installed) dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/chardet-2.3.0:0/0::gentoo, installed) dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/cryptography-1.7.1:0/0::gentoo, installed) >=dev-python/setuptools-18.2[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/pip-7.1.2:0/0::gentoo, installed) dev-python/certifi:0 (dev-python/certifi-2018.4.16:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by
>=dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (dev-python/setuptools-40.6.3:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) (dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26:0/0::gentoo, installed) pulled in by
dev-python/certifi[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/urllib3-1.16:0/0::gentoo, installed) >=dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/setuptools-30.4.0:0/0::gentoo, installed) !!! The following installed packages are masked:
- sys-libs/glibc-2.25-r10::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:
# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,
# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> (21 May 2017 and later updates)
# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no
# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using
# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for
# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security
# exploits.
# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and
# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific
# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system. - sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
- sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
- sys-devel/binutils-2.29.1-r1::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge
man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

上面的错误信息我先关注到的点是:

!!! The following installed packages are masked:
- sys-libs/glibc-2.25-r10::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)  

mask的意思如下:

package.mask

The package.mask file primarily blocks the use of  packages  that  cause

problems  or  are known to have issues on different systems.  It resides

in /usr/portage/profiles.

所以可能是这个包太旧了,过期了,所以我就更新了这个包

sudo emerge sys-libs/glibc

上述命令运行结果如下:

Calculating dependencies... done!
[ebuild U ] sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6 [2.25-r10] USE="multiarch%* (-compile-locales) -doc%"
[blocks B ] <sys-devel/bison-2.7 ("<sys-devel/bison-2.7" is blocking sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6) * Error: The above package list contains packages which cannot be
* installed at the same time on the same system. (sys-devel/bison-2.4.2:0/0::gentoo, installed) pulled in by
sys-devel/bison required by (sys-apps/iproute2-3.8.0:0/0::gentoo, installed)
sys-devel/bison required by (app-admin/sudo-1.8.1_p2:0/0::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-devel/bison-1.875 required by (sys-devel/gcc-6.4.0-r1:6.4.0/6.4.0::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-devel/bison-1.875 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4:4.5.4/4.5.4::gentoo, installed)
sys-devel/bison required by (virtual/yacc-0:0/0::gentoo, installed)
sys-devel/bison required by (dev-db/postgresql-9.0.5:9.0/9.0::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-devel/bison-1.875 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5:4.8.5/4.8.5::gentoo, installed)
sys-devel/bison required by (sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6:2.2/2.2::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) (sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6:2.2/2.2::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.6 required by (sys-libs/e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.14:0/0::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.8 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5:4.8.5/4.8.5::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.7 required by (sys-apps/iproute2-3.8.0:0/0::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.9 required by (sys-fs/udev-151-r4:0/0::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.8 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4:4.5.4/4.5.4::gentoo, installed)
sys-libs/glibc
sys-libs/glibc required by @selected
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.13 required by (sys-devel/gcc-6.4.0-r1:6.4.0/6.4.0::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.9_p20081201 required by (dev-libs/libev-4.23:0/0::gentoo, installed)
sys-libs/glibc required by (dev-java/sun-jdk-1.6.0.29:1.6/1.6::gentoo, installed)
>=sys-libs/glibc-2.7 required by (sys-libs/pam-1.1.3:0/0::gentoo, installed)
sys-libs/glibc:2.2 required by (virtual/libc-0:0/0::gentoo, installed) For more information about Blocked Packages, please refer to the following
section of the Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook (architecture is irrelevant): https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Portage#Blocked_packages !!! The following installed packages are masked:
- sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:
# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,
# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> (21 May 2017 and later updates)
# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no
# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using
# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for
# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security
# exploits.
# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and
# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific
# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system. - sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
- sys-devel/binutils-2.29.1-r1::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)
For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge
man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

红色标注的话意思是想要安装的包被 sys-devel/bison-2.7 给阻塞了,所以我打算先更新 sys-devel/bison

sudo emerge sys-devel/bison

  

上面命令运行没报错,bison更新完了,那再次更新 glibc

sudo emerge sys-libs/glibc

  

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