跟我一起Django - 01 安装和初始化

跟我一起Django - 01 安装和初始化

python环境

C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages>python --version
Python 2.7.5

安装setuptools

下载脚本：https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py

python ez_setup.py

django环境

下载：https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.7/tarball/

解压缩后进入目录：

python setup.py install
... ...
... ...

测试下：

E:\>python
Python 2.7.5 (default, May 15 2013, 22:43:36) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django;
>>> print django.get_version();
1.7
>>>

构建一个blog

python C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\Django-1.7-py2.7.egg\django\bin\django-admin.py startproject mysite

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ ls -l
total 1
-rwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ      249 Sep 11 13:42 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ        0 Sep 11 14:13 mysite

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ ls -l mysite/
total 2
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ        0 Sep 11 13:42 __init__.py
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ     2042 Sep 11 13:42 settings.py
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ      275 Sep 11 13:42 urls.py
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ      387 Sep 11 13:42 wsgi.py

运行开发服务器

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ ./manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
September 11, 2014 - 14:22:59
Django version 1.7, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
[11/Sep/2014 14:23:03] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1759

创建blog app

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite/mysite
$ ../manage.py startapp blog

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite/mysite
$ gvim settings.py

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ ls -l
total 19
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ    36864 Sep 11 15:04 db.sqlite3
-rwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ      249 Sep 11 13:42 manage.py
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ      312 Sep 11 14:42 models.py
drwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ        0 Sep 11 15:04 mysite

注意，这里是在mysite/mysite目录下执行的创建app操作，所以blog是mysite.blog

编辑mysite/settings.py, 添加mysite.blog

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'mysite.blog',
)

Django 采用 INSTALL_APPS 来决定系统不同部分的配置，包括自动化的admin应用以及测试框架

创建你的Model

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
#django.db.models.Model is the core partof the ORM system of Django
class BlogPost(models.Model):
	# Django will add an auto-increment, unique id
	title = models.CharField(max_length=150)
	body = models.TextField()
	timestamp = models.DataTimeField()

设置数据库

使用SQLite

SQLite非常适合做测试，甚至可以部署在没有大量并发写入的情况下。因为SQLite使用本地文件系统作为存储介质并且用原生的文件系统权限来做访问限制。
像主机、端口、用户和密码这些统统不需要了。

创建表

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ ./manage.py syncdb
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions
Running migrations:
  No migrations to apply.
  Your models have changes that are not yet reflected in a migration, and so won't be applied.
  Run 'manage.py makemigrations' to make new migrations, and then re-run 'manage.py migrate' to apply them.

 You have installed Django's auth system, and don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'ganiks.liu'): ganiks
Email address: ganiks@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'blog':
  0001_initial.py:
    - Create model BlogPost

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ ls -l
total 19
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ    36864 Sep 11 15:07 db.sqlite3
-rwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ      249 Sep 11 13:42 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ        0 Sep 11 15:04 mysite

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite
$ manage.py migrate
 perations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, blog, contenttypes, auth, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying blog.0001_initial... OK

ganiks.liu@MAMIS-GAIKS-LIU /E/mysite$ ls -l
total 19
-rw-r--r--    1 ganiks.l Administ    37888 Sep 11 15:09 db.sqlite3
-rwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ      249 Sep 11 13:42 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x    1 ganiks.l Administ        0 Sep 11 15:04 mysite

当执行syncdb命令时， Django会查找INSTALLED_APPS中的每一个models.py文件。
并为每一个都创建一个数据库表（多对多关系会有例外）

另外刚刚的过程中还创建了一个超级用户，这个在后面加入Django的自动admin时很方便。

You have installed Django's auth system, and don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'ganiks.liu'): ganiks
Email address: ganiks@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

设置自动admin应用：

自动化的后台应用程序admin可以说是Django“皇冠上的明珠”， 任何对为Web应用创建简单的CURD接口感到厌倦的人来说，这是极大的福音，类似Yii的Gii。

由于自动admin不是Django的必要组件，因此你先要在settings.py文件中指定，就跟你刚刚指定mysite.blog一样。
但是呢，其实我这次用的 Django1.7 版本中默认的已经启用了如下app
（我现在看的教程是老版本2008年的，这样可以发现好多Django的进化过程~）

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'mysite.blog',
)

还有 urls.py也都配置好了admin路由

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

最后，你的应用程序要告诉Django要在admin窗口中显示哪一个model可以供编辑；要做到这一点，只要想默认的admin站点注册你的app model即可【添加1，添加2】

from django.db import models
#添加1
from django.contrib import admin

# Create your models here.
#django.db.models.Model is the core partof the ORM system of Django
class BlogPost(models.Model):
	# Django will add an auto-increment, unique id
	title = models.CharField(max_length=150)
	body = models.TextField()
	timestamp = models.DateTimeField()
#添加2
admin.site.register(BlogPost)

我的app（Blog posts）没有出现在 admin中的3个常见原因：

• 忘记向 admin.site.register注册你的model类
• models.py有错误
• 忘记在settings.py中的INSTALLED_APPS中添加app

现在blog app已经创建完成，如何完善，参看下一篇。

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/ganiks/p/3967994.html