一、Filter简介

  Filter也称之为过滤器,它是Servlet技术中最激动人心的技术,WEB开发人员通过Filter技术,对web服务器管理的所有web资源:例如Jsp, Servlet, 静态图片文件或静态 html 文件等进行拦截,从而实现一些特殊的功能。例如实现URL级别的权限访问控制、过滤敏感词汇、压缩响应信息等一些高级功能。
  Servlet API中提供了一个Filter接口,开发web应用时,如果编写的Java类实现了这个接口,则把这个java类称之为过滤器Filter。通过Filter技术,开发人员可以实现用户在访问某个目标资源之前,对访问的请求和响应进行拦截,如下所示:

  aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

二、Filter是如何实现拦截的?

  Filter接口中有一个doFilter方法,当我们编写好Filter,并配置对哪个web资源进行拦截后,WEB服务器每次在调用web资源的service方法之前,都会先调用一下filter的doFilter方法,因此,在该方法内编写代码可达到如下目的:

  1. 调用目标资源之前,让一段代码执行。
  2. 是否调用目标资源(即是否让用户访问web资源)。
  3. 调用目标资源之后,让一段代码执行。

  web服务器在调用doFilter方法时,会传递一个filterChain对象进来,filterChain对象是filter接口中最重要的一个对 象,它也提供了一个doFilter方法,开发人员可以根据需求决定是否调用此方法,调用该方法,则web服务器就会调用web资源的service方 法,即web资源就会被访问,否则web资源不会被访问。

三、Filter开发入门

3.1、Filter开发步骤

  Filter开发分为二个步骤:

  1. 编写java类实现Filter接口,并实现其doFilter方法。
  2. 在 web.xml 文件中使用<filter>和<filter-mapping>元素对编写的filter类进行注册,并设置它所能拦截的资源。

  过滤器范例:

 
  1. 1 package me.gacl.web.filter;
  2. 2
  3. 3 import java.io.IOException;
  4. 4
  5. 5 import javax.servlet.Filter;
  6. 6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
  7. 7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
  8. 8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  9. 9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
  10. 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
  11. 11
  12. 12 /**
  13. 13 * @ClassName: FilterDemo01
  14. 14 * @Description:filter的三种典型应用:
  15. 15 * 1、可以在filter中根据条件决定是否调用chain.doFilter(request, response)方法,
  16. 16 * 即是否让目标资源执行
  17. 17 * 2、在让目标资源执行之前,可以对request\response作预处理,再让目标资源执行
  18. 18 * 3、在目标资源执行之后,可以捕获目标资源的执行结果,从而实现一些特殊的功能
  19. 19 * @author: 孤傲苍狼
  20. 20 * @date: 2014-8-31 下午10:09:24
  21. 21 */
  22. 22 public class FilterDemo01 implements Filter {
  23. 23
  24. 24 @Override
  25. 25 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
  26. 26 System.out.println("----过滤器初始化----");
  27. 27 }
  28. 28
  29. 29 @Override
  30. 30 public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
  31. 31 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
  32. 32
  33. 33 //对request和response进行一些预处理
  34. 34 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
  35. 35 response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
  36. 36 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
  37. 37
  38. 38 System.out.println("FilterDemo01执行前!!!");
  39. 39 chain.doFilter(request, response); //让目标资源执行,放行
  40. 40 System.out.println("FilterDemo01执行后!!!");
  41. 41 }
  42. 42
  43. 43 @Override
  44. 44 public void destroy() {
  45. 45 System.out.println("----过滤器销毁----");
  46. 46 }
  47. 47 }
 

  在web. xml中配置过滤器:

 
  1. 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. 2 <web-app version="3.0"
  3. 3 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
  4. 4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  5. 5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
  6. 6 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
  7. 7 <display-name></display-name>
  8. 8 <welcome-file-list>
  9. 9 <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  10. 10 </welcome-file-list>
  11. 11
  12. 12 <!--配置过滤器-->
  13. 13 <filter>
  14. 14 <filter-name>FilterDemo01</filter-name>
  15. 15 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.FilterDemo01</filter-class>
  16. 16 </filter>
  17. 17
  18. 18 <!--映射过滤器-->
  19. 19 <filter-mapping>
  20. 20 <filter-name>FilterDemo01</filter-name>
  21. 21 <!--“/*”表示拦截所有的请求 -->
  22. 22 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  23. 23 </filter-mapping>
  24. 24
  25. 25 </web-app>
 

3.2、Filter链

  在一个web应用中,可以开发编写多个Filter,这些Filter组合起来称之为一个Filter链。
  web服务器根据Filter在web.xml文件中的注册顺序,决定先调用哪个Filter,当第一个Filter的doFilter方法被调用时,web服务器会创建一个代表Filter链的FilterChain对象传递给该方法。在doFilter方法中,开发人员如果调用了FilterChain对象的doFilter方法,则web服务器会检查FilterChain对象中是否还有filter,如果有,则调用第2个filter,如果没有,则调用目标资源。

四、Filter的生命周期

4.1、Filter的创建

  Filter的创建和销毁由WEB服务器负责。 web 应用程序启动时,web 服务器将创建Filter 的实例对象,并调用其init方法,完成对象的初始化功能,从而为后续的用户请求作好拦截的准备工作filter对象只会创建一次,init方法也只会执行一次。通过init方法的参数,可获得代表当前filter配置信息的FilterConfig对象。

4.2、Filter的销毁

  Web容器调用destroy方法销毁Filter。destroy方法在Filter的生命周期中仅执行一次。在destroy方法中,可以释放过滤器使用的资源。

4.3、FilterConfig接口

  用户在配置filter时,可以使用<init-param>为filter配置一些初始化参数,当web容器实例化Filter对象,调用其init方法时,会把封装了filter初始化参数的filterConfig对象传递进来。因此开发人员在编写filter时,通过filterConfig对象的方法,就可获得:
  String getFilterName():得到filter的名称。
  String getInitParameter(String name): 返回在部署描述中指定名称的初始化参数的值。如果不存在返回null.
  Enumeration getInitParameterNames():返回过滤器的所有初始化参数的名字的枚举集合。
  public ServletContext getServletContext():返回Servlet上下文对象的引用。
范例:利用FilterConfig得到filter配置信息

 
  1. 1 package me.gacl.web.filter;
  2. 2
  3. 3 import java.io.IOException;
  4. 4 import java.util.Enumeration;
  5. 5 import javax.servlet.Filter;
  6. 6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
  7. 7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
  8. 8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  9. 9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
  10. 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
  11. 11
  12. 12 public class FilterDemo02 implements Filter {
  13. 13
  14. 14 /* 过滤器初始化
  15. 15 * @see javax.servlet.Filter#init(javax.servlet.FilterConfig)
  16. 16 */
  17. 17 @Override
  18. 18 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
  19. 19 System.out.println("----过滤器初始化----");
  20. 20 /**
  21. 21 * <filter>
  22. 22 <filter-name>FilterDemo02</filter-name>
  23. 23 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.FilterDemo02</filter-class>
  24. 24 <!--配置FilterDemo02过滤器的初始化参数-->
  25. 25 <init-param>
  26. 26 <description>配置FilterDemo02过滤器的初始化参数</description>
  27. 27 <param-name>name</param-name>
  28. 28 <param-value>gacl</param-value>
  29. 29 </init-param>
  30. 30 <init-param>
  31. 31 <description>配置FilterDemo02过滤器的初始化参数</description>
  32. 32 <param-name>like</param-name>
  33. 33 <param-value>java</param-value>
  34. 34 </init-param>
  35. 35 </filter>
  36. 36
  37. 37 <filter-mapping>
  38. 38 <filter-name>FilterDemo02</filter-name>
  39. 39 <!--“/*”表示拦截所有的请求 -->
  40. 40 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  41. 41 </filter-mapping>
  42. 42 */
  43. 43 //得到过滤器的名字
  44. 44 String filterName = filterConfig.getFilterName();
  45. 45 //得到在web.xml文件中配置的初始化参数
  46. 46 String initParam1 = filterConfig.getInitParameter("name");
  47. 47 String initParam2 = filterConfig.getInitParameter("like");
  48. 48 //返回过滤器的所有初始化参数的名字的枚举集合。
  49. 49 Enumeration<String> initParameterNames = filterConfig.getInitParameterNames();
  50. 50
  51. 51 System.out.println(filterName);
  52. 52 System.out.println(initParam1);
  53. 53 System.out.println(initParam2);
  54. 54 while (initParameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
  55. 55 String paramName = (String) initParameterNames.nextElement();
  56. 56 System.out.println(paramName);
  57. 57 }
  58. 58 }
  59. 59
  60. 60 @Override
  61. 61 public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
  62. 62 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
  63. 63 System.out.println("FilterDemo02执行前!!!");
  64. 64 chain.doFilter(request, response); //让目标资源执行,放行
  65. 65 System.out.println("FilterDemo02执行后!!!");
  66. 66 }
  67. 67
  68. 68 @Override
  69. 69 public void destroy() {
  70. 70 System.out.println("----过滤器销毁----");
  71. 71 }
  72. 72 }
 

五、Filter的部署

  Filter的部署分为两个步骤:

  1、注册Filter

  2、映射Filter

5.1、注册Filter

  开发好Filter之后,需要在web.xml文件中进行注册,这样才能够被web服务器调用

  在web.xml文件中注册Filter范例:

 
  1. 1 <filter>
  2. 2 <description>FilterDemo02过滤器</description>
  3. 3 <filter-name>FilterDemo02</filter-name>
  4. 4 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.FilterDemo02</filter-class>
  5. 5 <!--配置FilterDemo02过滤器的初始化参数-->
  6. 6 <init-param>
  7. 7 <description>配置FilterDemo02过滤器的初始化参数</description>
  8. 8 <param-name>name</param-name>
  9. 9 <param-value>gacl</param-value>
  10. 10 </init-param>
  11. 11 <init-param>
  12. 12 <description>配置FilterDemo02过滤器的初始化参数</description>
  13. 13 <param-name>like</param-name>
  14. 14 <param-value>java</param-value>
  15. 15 </init-param>
  16. 16 </filter>
 

  <description>用于添加描述信息,该元素的内容可为空,<description>可以不配置。

  <filter-name>用于为过滤器指定一个名字,该元素的内容不能为空。
  <filter-class>元素用于指定过滤器的完整的限定类名。
  <init-param>元素用于为过滤器指定初始化参数,它的子元素<param-name>指定参数的名字,<param-value>指定参数的值。在过滤器中,可以使用FilterConfig接口对象来访问初始化参数。如果过滤器不需要指定初始化参数,那么<init-param>元素可以不配置。

5.2、映射Filter

  在web.xml文件中注册了Filter之后,还要在web.xml文件中映射Filter

  1. 1 <!--映射过滤器-->
  2. 2 <filter-mapping>
  3. 3 <filter-name>FilterDemo02</filter-name>
  4. 4 <!--“/*”表示拦截所有的请求 -->
  5. 5 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  6. 6 </filter-mapping>

  <filter-mapping>元素用于设置一个 Filter 所负责拦截的资源。一个Filter拦截的资源可通过两种方式来指定:Servlet 名称和资源访问的请求路径
  <filter-name>子元素用于设置filter的注册名称。该值必须是在<filter>元素中声明过的过滤器的名字
  <url-pattern>设置 filter 所拦截的请求路径(过滤器关联的URL样式)
  <servlet-name>指定过滤器所拦截的Servlet名称。
  <dispatcher>指定过滤器所拦截的资源被 Servlet 容器调用的方式,可以是REQUEST,INCLUDE,FORWARD和ERROR之一,默认REQUEST。用户可以设置多个<dispatcher> 子元素用来指定 Filter 对资源的多种调用方式进行拦截。如下:

  1. 1 <filter-mapping>
  2. 2 <filter-name>testFilter</filter-name>
  3. 3 <url-pattern>/index.jsp</url-pattern>
  4. 4 <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
  5. 5 <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
  6. 6 </filter-mapping>

  <dispatcher> 子元素可以设置的值及其意义:

  1. REQUEST:当用户直接访问页面时,Web容器将会调用过滤器。如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的include()或forward()方法访问时,那么该过滤器就不会被调用。
  2. INCLUDE:如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的include()方法访问时,那么该过滤器将被调用。除此之外,该过滤器不会被调用。
  3. FORWARD:如果目标资源是通过RequestDispatcher的forward()方法访问时,那么该过滤器将被调用,除此之外,该过滤器不会被调用。
  4. ERROR:如果目标资源是通过声明式异常处理机制调用时,那么该过滤器将被调用。除此之外,过滤器不会被调用。

  

  原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/p/3948353.html

Filter 详解的更多相关文章

  1. css filter详解

    css filter详解 filter 属性详解 属性 名称 类型 说明 grayscale 灰度 值为数值 取值范围从0到1的小数(包括0和1) sepia 褐色 值为数值 取值范围从0到1的小数( ...

  2. Spring Security Filter详解

    Spring Security Filter详解 汇总 Filter 作用 DelegatingFilterProxy Spring Security基于这个Filter建立拦截机制 Abstract ...

  3. java web之Filter详解

    java web之Filter详解 2012-10-20 0 个评论 作者:chenshufei2 收藏 我要投稿 .概念: Filter也称之为过滤器,它是Servlet技术中比较激动人心的技术,W ...

  4. Zuul之Filter详解

    Zuul详解 官方文档:https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/wiki/How-it-Works Zuul的中心是一系列过滤器,能够在HTTP请求和响应的路由过程中执行一系列 ...

  5. Servlet之Filter详解

    参考文献:http://www.cnblogs.com/zlbx/p/4888312.html Filter,过滤器,顾名思义,即是对数据等的过滤,预处理过程.为什么要引入过滤器呢?在平常访问网站的时 ...

  6. CSS3 Filter详解(改变模糊度 亮度 透明度等方法)

    CSS3 Filter(滤镜)属性提供了提供模糊和改变元素颜色的功能.CSS3 Fitler 常用于调整图像的渲染.背景或边框显示效果. -webkit-filter是css3的一个属性,Webkit ...

  7. bloom filter 详解[转]

    Bloom Filter概念和原理 焦萌 2007年1月27日 Bloom Filter是一种空间效率很高的随机数据结构,它利用位数组很简洁地表示一个集合,并能判断一个元素是否属于这个集合.Bloom ...

  8. 布隆过滤器(Bloom Filter)详解——基于多hash的概率查找思想

    转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/haippy/archive/2012/07/13/2590351.html   布隆过滤器[1](Bloom Filter)是由布隆(Burton ...

  9. django中的filter详解

    filter (数据过滤) 我们很少会一次性从数据库中取出所有的数据:通常都只针对一部分数据进行操作. 在Django API中,我们可以使用`` filter()`` 方法对数据进行过滤: > ...

  10. angularjs filter 详解

    系统的学习了一下angularjs,发现angularjs的有些思想根php的模块smarty很像,例如数据绑定,filter.如果对smarty比较熟悉的话,学习angularjs会比较容易一点.这 ...

随机推荐

  1. Fidder详解-工具简介(保存会话、decode解码、Repaly、自定义会话框、隐藏会话、会话排序)

    前言 本文会对Fidder这款工具的一些重要功能,进行详细讲解,带大家进入Fidder的世界,本文会让你明白,Fidder不仅是一个抓包分析工具,也是一个请求发送工具,更加可以当作为Mock Serv ...

  2. Flask--Config研究

    导入Flask框架后,在项目跟目录下面会有一个Config.py 文件,里面的默认内容为: class Config(object): pass 可以这Config 类里面定义变量和其他对象 如: c ...

  3. MacOS & iOS

    MacOS & iOS https://github.com/qinjx/30min_guides/blob/master/ios.md https://www.cnblogs.com/xgq ...

  4. git学习(一)----基础知识

    git是世界上最好用最先进的版本管理系统,那么什么是版本管理系统呢,百度上是这样说的: 举个例子,当你写毕业论文的时候,灵感爆发了修改或者删除了一些内容,但是你还想保留之前的版本,就需要另存为不同的w ...

  5. UVA10673 上下界问题

    #include <iostream> #include<cstdio> using namespace std; #define LL long long LL a,b,m, ...

  6. Codeforces 892 D.Gluttony

    D. Gluttony time limit per test 2 seconds memory limit per test 256 megabytes input standard input o ...

  7. hdu 2167 状态压缩

    /*与1565的解法差不多*/ #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> int map[16][16]; int dp[2][1<< ...

  8. BZOJ1710: [Usaco2007 Open]Cheappal 廉价回文

    len<=2000的字符串上,给出删掉和添加每种字符的花费,求把字符串变成回文串的最小花费. 首先每个字符添加和删除是一样的,因此花费在添加和删掉每个字符的花费中取小的. 如果每个字符的花费都是 ...

  9. 洛谷—— P1656 炸铁路

    P1656 炸铁路 题目描述 因为某国被某红色政权残酷的高压暴力统治.美国派出将军uim,对该国进行战略性措施,以解救涂炭的生灵. 该国有n个城市,这些城市以铁路相连.任意两个城市都可以通过铁路直接或 ...

  10. List和Map、Set的区别

    首先 List 和 Set 是存储单列数据的集合,Map 是存储键和值这样的双列数据的集合:List 中存储的数据是有顺序,并且允许重复:Map 中存储的数据是没有顺序的,其键是不能重复的,它的值是可 ...