Django rest framework ---- 权限

Django rest framework ---- 权限

添加权限

api/utils文件夹下新建premission.py文件，代码如下：

• message是当没有权限时，提示的信息

# FileName : permission.py
# Author   : Adil
# DateTime : 2019/7/30 5:14 PM
# SoftWare : PyCharm
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
 
class SVIPPermission(object):
 
    message = '必须是SVIP才能访问！'
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type !=3:
            return False
 
        return True
 
class MyPermission(object):
 
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type == 3:
            return False
        return True

settings.py全局配置权限

#设置全局认证
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['api.utils.auth.Authentication',],   #里面写你的认证的类的路径
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['api.utils.permission.SVIPPermission',],  # 添加权限路径
}

views.py添加权限

• 默认所有的业务都需要SVIP权限才能访问
• OrderView类里面没写表示使用全局配置的SVIPPremission
• UserInfoView类，因为是普通用户和VIP用户可以访问，不使用全局的，要想局部使用的话，里面就写上自己的权限类
• permission_classes = [MyPremission,]   #局部使用权限方法

from django.shortcuts import render
 
# Create your views here.
 
import time
from api import models
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
 
from api.utils.permission import SVIPPermission,MyPermission
 
ORDER_DICT = {
 
    1:{
        'name':'apple',
        'price':15
    },
    2:{
        'name':'orange',
        'price':30
    }
}
 
def md5(user):
    import hashlib
    import time
    ctime = str(time.time())
    print(ctime)
    m = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))
    print(m)
    m.update(bytes(ctime,encoding='utf-8'))
    print(m)
    usertoken = m.hexdigest()
    print(usertoken)
 
    return usertoken
 
class AuthView(APIView):
 
    authentication_classes = []  # 里面为空，代表不需要认证
    permission_classes = []
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print('参数',request)
 
        ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None,'token':None}
        try:
            # 参数是datadict 形式
            usr = request.data.get('username')
            pas = request.data.get('password')
 
            # usr = request._request.POST.get('username')
            # pas = request._request.POST.get('password')
 
            # usr = request.POST.get('username')
            # pas = request.POST.get('password')
 
            print(usr)
            print(pas)
            # obj = models.User.objects.filter(username='yang', password='123456').first()
            obj = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr,password=pas).first()
            # obk =models.userToken.objects.filter(token='9c979c316d4ea42fd998ddf7e8895aa4').first()
            # print(obk.token)
            print('******')
            print(obj)
            print(type(obj))
            print(obj.username)
            print(obj.password)
            if not obj:
                ret['code'] = ''
                ret['msg'] = '用户名或者密码错误'
                return JsonResponse(ret)
                # 里为了简单，应该是进行加密，再加上其他参数
            # token = str(time.time()) + usr
            token = md5(usr)
            print(token)
            models.userToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj, defaults={'token': token})
            ret['token'] = token
            ret['msg'] = '登录成功'
            #ret['token'] = token
        except Exception as e:
            ret['code'] = 1002
            ret['msg'] = '请求异常'
        return JsonResponse(ret)
 
class OrderView(APIView):
    '''订单业务'''
 
    # authentication_classes = []
 
    # permission_classes = []
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print("~~~~~~")
        print(request.user)
        print(request.auth)
        print("~~~~~~")
        ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None,'data':None}
        try:
            ret['data'] = ORDER_DICT
        except Exception as e:
            pass
        return JsonResponse(ret)
 
class UserInfoView(APIView):
    '''
       订单相关业务(普通用户和VIP用户可以看)
       '''
    permission_classes = [MyPermission,]    #不用全局的权限配置的话，这里就要写自己的局部权限
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 
        print(request.user)
        return HttpResponse('用户信息')
 
# if __name__ == '__main__':
#
#     md5('yang')

urls

"""logintest URL Configuration
 
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url
 
from api.views import AuthView
from api.views import OrderView,UserInfoView
from api.appview.register import registerView
from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView  # 1、增加该行
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path(r'',TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html')),  #2、 增加该行
    url(r'^api/v1/auth/$', AuthView.as_view()),
    url(r'^api/v1/order/$', OrderView.as_view()),   # 权限
    url(r'^api/v1/info/',UserInfoView.as_view()),    # 权限
    url(r'^home/register/$', registerView.as_view()),
]

测试

普通用户访问OrderView,提示没有权限

普通用户访问UserInfoView，可以返回信息

内置权限

django-rest-framework内置权限BasePermission

默认是没有限制权限

class BasePermission(object):
    """
    A base class from which all permission classes should inherit.
    """
 
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """
        Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
        """
        return True
 
    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        """
        Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
        """
        return True

我们自己写的权限类，应该去继承BasePermission,修改之前写的permission.py文件

# utils/permission.py
 
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
 
class SVIPPremission(BasePermission):
    message = "必须是SVIP才能访问"
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type != 3:
            return False
        return True
 
class MyPremission(BasePermission):
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type == 3:
            return False
        return True

总结：

（1）使用

• 自己写的权限类：1.必须继承BasePermission类；  2.必须实现：has_permission方法

（2）返回值

• True   有权访问
• False  无权访问

（3）局部

• permission_classes = [MyPremission,]

（4）全局

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
   #权限
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['api.utils.permission.SVIPPremission'],
}