python接口测试之Http请求（三）
python的强大之处在于提供了很多的标准库，这些标准库可以直接调用，本节部分，重点学习和总结在
接口测试中Python的Http请求的库的学习。
首先来看httplib，官方的解释为：本模块定义了类实现客户端的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 协议。它通常不能直接
使用 — — 模块 urllib 用于处理使用 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的 Url。使用httplib来做一个简单的对百度的请求,看
这样的一个实现过程，见实现的代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8 import httplib def getBaidu():
'''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
http_client.request('GET','')
r=http_client.getresponse()
print r.status
print r.read() getBaidu()
这里我们详细的来看r提供了那些方法，见输出的结果：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8 import httplib def getBaidu():
'''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
http_client.request('GET','')
r=http_client.getresponse()
print dir(r) getBaidu()
C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', '_check_close', '_method', '_read_chunked', '_read_status', '_safe_read', 'begin', 'chunk_left', 'chunked', 'close', 'debuglevel', 'fileno', 'fp', 'getheader', 'getheaders', 'isclosed', 'length', 'msg', 'read', 'reason', 'status', 'strict', 'version', 'will_close'] Process finished with exit code 0
使用dir(r)方法可以看到调用的方法，如我们想看到请求百度这样的一个GET请求，到底返回的status code是多少，
是否OK，响应内容是什么，headers是什么，见实现的代码和输出的内容：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8 import httplib def getBaidu():
'''对百度发送一个GET请求'''
http_client=httplib.HTTPConnection('www.baidu.com',80,timeout=20)
http_client.request('GET','/')
r=http_client.getresponse()
print u'状态的状态码:\n',r.status
print u'是否请求Ok：\n',r.reason
print u'header是多少:\n',r.getheaders()
print u'Response消息结构:\n',r.msg
print u'响应内容:\n',r.read() getBaidu()
见输出的结果内容：
C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
状态的状态码:
200
是否请求Ok：
OK
header是多少:
[('content-length', '14613'), ('set-cookie', 'BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com, PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('accept-ranges', 'bytes'), ('vary', 'Accept-Encoding'), ('server', 'BWS/1.1'), ('last-modified', 'Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT'), ('connection', 'Keep-Alive'), ('x-ua-compatible', 'IE=Edge,chrome=1'), ('pragma', 'no-cache'), ('cache-control', 'no-cache'), ('date', 'Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT'), ('p3p', 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "'), ('content-type', 'text/html')]
Response消息结构:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:16:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 14613
Last-Modified: Mon, 12 Dec 2016 06:09:00 GMT
Connection: Keep-Alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=5BE300935709382ADC6AFA01D08E1959; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1481724972; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Server: BWS/1.1
X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-control: no-cache
Accept-Ranges: bytes 响应内容:
<!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK-->
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s1.bdstatic.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t1.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t2.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t3.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t10.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t11.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t12.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//b1.bdstatic.com"/>
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</head>
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</body></html> Process finished with exit code 0
下来来看urllib2的库，看官方的解释：urllib2 定义了很多函数和类，这些函数和类能够帮助我们在复杂的情况下获取URLS内容。
复杂情况— 基本的和深入的验证, 重定向, cookies 等等.和如上一样，我们使用urllib2来实现对百度的请求，见GET请求的代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8 import urllib
import urllib2 def get_baidu():
r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
print u'Response code:\n',r.getcode(),r.msg
print u'headers:\n',r.headers get_baidu()
见输出结果的内容：
C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
Response code:
200 OK
headers:
Date: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:52:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=55980CB92E6F9F88BF0FF2B73E8607D4:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=55980CB92E6F9F88BF0FF2B73E8607D4; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: PSTM=1481727148; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/
Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=1429_21422_21120_21553_21408_20927; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
Cache-Control: private
Cxy_all: baidu+435ac15289339958b4bcff45cd341d25
Expires: Wed, 14 Dec 2016 14:51:52 GMT
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Server: BWS/1.1
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下面使用urllib2实现一个POST的请求过程，见实现的代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8 import urllib
import urllib2 def get_baidu():
r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com')
print u'Response code:\n',r.getcode(),r.msg
print u'headers:\n',r.headers def post_cun():
params=urllib.urlencode({'cityId':'438'})
r=urllib2.urlopen('http://m.cyw.com/index.php?m=api&c=cookie&a=setcity',params)
print r.getcode(),r.msg
print r.read() post_cun()
见输出结果的json内容：
C:\Python27\python.exe D:/git/Python/bookDay/api/http/httplipTest.py
200 OK
{"status":true,"homeUrl":"\/xian"}
坚持就是一种赢姿态！
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