Greenplum 5.21.1 集群安装部署

简单来说GPDB是一个分布式数据库软件，其可以管理和处理分布在多个不同主机上的海量数据。对于GPDB来说，一个DB实例实际上是由多个独立的PostgreSQL实例组成的，它们分布在不同的物理主机上，协同工作，呈现给用户的是一个DB的效果。Master是GPDB系统的访问入口，其负责处理客户端的连接及SQL 命令、协调系统中的其他Instance(Segment)工作，Segment负责管理和处理用户数据。

环境准备：
操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 64位
master 1台（架构图中的主节点），Standby 1台（架构图中的从节点），Segment 2台。共4台服务器。

一、Master主机 Root 用户上操作

1. 修改/etc/hosts文件，添加下面内容（注：4台服务器相同的配置）

vim /etc/hosts

192.168.18.130 gp-master
192.168.18.131 gp-standby
192.168.18.132 gp-node1
192.168.18.133 gp-node2

2. 服务器关闭selinux，防火墙4台服务器相互开放，测试环境可以直接先关闭防火墙。（注：4台服务器相同的配置）

关闭Firewalld

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

永久关闭Selinux

vim /etc/selinux/conf

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 

注：查看Selinux运行状态：getenforce，CLI界面非永久生效设置SeLinux：setenforce 0（0-1对应关闭和开启）

3. 操作系统参数设置

vim /etc/sysctl.conf   （注：4台服务器相同的配置）

kernel.shmmax =
kernel.shmmni =
kernel.shmall =
kernel.sem =
kernel.sysrq =
kernel.core_uses_pid =
kernel.msgmnb =
kernel.msgmax =
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies =
net.ipv4.ip_forward =
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route =
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle =
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog =
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter =
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter =
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =
vm.overcommit_memory =
kernel.msgmni =
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =  

vim /etc/security/limits.conf  （注：4台服务器相同的配置）

* soft nofile
* hard nofile
* soft nproc
* hard nproc 

磁盘预读参数及 deadline算法修改 （注：4台服务器相同的配置）

blockdev --setra  /dev/sda
echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

注：磁盘盘符sda需根据自己的实际情况进行配置

软件下载地址：https://network.pivotal.io/products/pivotal-gpdb，下载：greenplum-db-5.21.1-rhel7-x86_64.rpm

在Master主机上安装GP二进制文件，也就是主机名是mdw的服务器。（注：在master上安装即可，后面通过批量的方法安装剩下的服务器）

rpm -ivh greenplum-db-5.21.1-rhel7-x86_64.rpm

注：默认安装目录：/usr/local

在Master上添加gpadmin用户

adduser gpadmin
echo gpadmin | passwd --stdin gpadmin

注：设置密码为了后面gpssh-exkeys -f hostfile_allhosts 使用

在Master上给gpadmin用户提权

[root@gp-master ~]# visudo
gpadmin    ALL=(ALL)       ALL
gpadmin    ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD:ALL

在Master主机上赋予gpadmin用户Greenplum文件夹的的权限

chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /usr/local/greenplum-db*

二、Master 主机 Gpadmin用户上操作

准备用于批量安装软件以及后续集群的初始化文件，hostfile_allhosts，hostfile_segments，hostfile_mshosts，存放到/home/gpadmin

su - gpadmin

vim hostfile_allhosts

gp-master
gp-standby
gp-node1
gp-node2

vim hostfile_segments

gp-node1
gp-node2

vim hostfile_mshosts

gp-master
gp-standby

设置各主机之间免密登录

gpssh-exkeys -f hostfile_allhosts

注：需输入gpadmin用户的密码，此处为：gpadmin

设置用于安装Greenplum的文件夹权限

gpssh -f hostfile_allhosts
=> sudo chown gpadmin.gpadmin /usr/local
=> exit

创建及赋权master/standby主机元数据存储目录

gpssh -f hostfile_mshosts
=>sudo mkdir /data/greenplum_data/gpmaster
=>sudo chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /data
=>exit

创建及赋权Segments主机数据存储目录

gpssh -f hostfile_segments
=>sudo mkdir /data/greenplum_data/{primary,mirror}
=>sudo chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /data
=>exit

批量安装软件（GP）

cd /home/gpadmin/
source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh
gpseginstall -f hostfile_allhosts -u gpadmin -p gpadmin

设置NTP同步

---

Yum下载安装NTP服务器，已安装的可以略过

sudo yum install ntp -y

若出现如下报错，可看下一步解决方法

There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was: 

  No module named yum 

Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly. 

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.7. (r266:, Jan  , ::)
[GCC 4.4.  (Red Hat 4.4.-)] 

If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to
the yum faq at:
  http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

解决方法：

unset PYTHONHOME
unset PYTHONPATH
unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH

再进行yum安装之后，再修改回来，使得GP能正常使用

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh

注：报错原因：在安装GP集群之后，会在master节点中的环境变量中会增加 PYTHONHOME，PYTHONPATH，LD_LIBRARY_PATH几项，并且会修改原本的path。

补充：LD_LIBRARY_PATH 该环境变量主要用于指定查找共享库（动态链接库）时除了默认路径之外的其他路径。

---

在每个Segment主机，编辑/etc/ntp.conf文件。设置第一个server参数指向Master主机，第二个server参数指向Standby主机。如下面：

sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf

server gp-master prefer
server gp-standby

在Standby主机，编辑/etc/ntp.conf文件。设置第一个server参数指向Master主机，第二个参数指向数据中心的时间服务器。

sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf

server gp-master prefer

在Master主机，使用NTP守护进程同步所有Segment主机的系统时钟。例如，使用gpssh来完成：

gpssh -f hostfile_allhosts -v -e 'ntpd'

输出如下代表成功：

[root@gp-master gpadmin]# gpssh -f all_hosts -v -e 'ntpd'
[WARN] Reference default values as $MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY/gpssh.conf could not be found
Using delaybeforesend 0.05 and prompt_validation_timeout 1.0

[Reset ...]
[INFO] login mdw
[INFO] login smdw
[INFO] login sdw1
[INFO] login sdw2
[ mdw] ntpd
[smdw] ntpd
[sdw1] ntpd
[sdw2] ntpd
[INFO] completed successfully

[Cleanup...]

配置Greenplum初始化文件

cp $GPHOME/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config   /home/gpadmin/gpinitsystem_config
chmod  gpinitsystem_config

相关配置如下：

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ cat gpinitsystem_config
# FILE NAME: gpinitsystem_config

# Configuration file needed by the gpinitsystem

################################################
#### REQUIRED PARAMETERS
################################################

#### Name of this Greenplum system enclosed in quotes.
ARRAY_NAME="Greenplum Data Platform"

#### Naming convention for utility-generated data directories.
SEG_PREFIX=gpseg

#### Base number by which primary segment port numbers
#### are calculated.
PORT_BASE=

#### File system location(s) where primary segment data directories
#### will be created. The number of locations in the list dictate
#### the number of primary segments that will get created per
#### physical host (if multiple addresses for a host are listed in
#### the hostfile, the number of segments will be spread evenly across
#### the specified interface addresses).
declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data/greenplum_data/primary)

#### OS-configured hostname or IP address of the master host.
MASTER_HOSTNAME=k8s-master

#### File system location where the master data directory
#### will be created.
MASTER_DIRECTORY=/data/greenplum_data/gpmaster

#### Port number for the master instance.
MASTER_PORT=

#### Shell utility used to connect to remote hosts.
TRUSTED_SHELL=ssh

#### Maximum log file segments between automatic WAL checkpoints.
CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS=

#### Default server-side character set encoding.
ENCODING=UTF-

################################################
#### OPTIONAL MIRROR PARAMETERS
################################################

#### Base number by which mirror segment port numbers
#### are calculated.
MIRROR_PORT_BASE=

#### Base number by which primary file replication port
#### numbers are calculated.
REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=

#### Base number by which mirror file replication port
#### numbers are calculated.
MIRROR_REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=

#### File system location(s) where mirror segment data directories
#### will be created. The number of mirror locations must equal the
#### number of primary locations as specified in the
#### DATA_DIRECTORY parameter.
declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data/greenplum_data/mirror)

################################################
#### OTHER OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
################################################

#### Create a database of this name after initialization.
DATABASE_NAME=testDB

#### Specify the location of the host address file here instead of
#### with the the -h option of gpinitsystem.
MACHINE_LIST_FILE=/home/gpadmin/hostfile_segments

运行初始化工具初始化数据库

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh
gpinitsystem -c gpinitsystem_config

初始化日志:

20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Review options for gpinitstandby
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The Master /data/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf post gpinitsystem
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-has been configured to allow all hosts within this new
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-array to intercommunicate. Any hosts external to this
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-new array must be explicitly added to this file
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Refer to the Greenplum Admin support guide which is
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-located in the /usr/local/greenplum-db/./docs directory
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------

现在只有1个master，2个segment，没有standby，那么接下来把standby加入集群。

在Master服务器上执行

gpinitstandby -s gp-standby

输出如下：

[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpinitstandby -s smdw
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Validating environment and parameters for standby initialization...
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking for filespace directory /data/master/gpseg- on smdw
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master initialization parameters
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master hostname               = mdw
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master data directory         = /data/master/gpseg-
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master port                   =
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master hostname       = smdw
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master port           =
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master data directory = /data/master/gpseg-
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum update system catalog         = On
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Filespace locations
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-pg_system -> /data/master/gpseg-
Do you want to continue with standby master initialization? Yy|Nn (default=N):
> y
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Syncing Greenplum Database extensions to standby
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The packages on smdw are consistent.
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Adding standby master to catalog...
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Database catalog updated successfully.
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Updating pg_hba.conf file...
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-pg_hba.conf files updated successfully.
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Updating filespace flat files...
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Filespace flat file updated successfully.
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting standby master
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking if standby master is running on host: smdw  in directory: /data/master/gpseg-
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Cleaning up pg_hba.conf backup files...
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Backup files of pg_hba.conf cleaned up successfully.
:::: gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Successfully created standby master on gp-standby

查看启动进程：

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ ps -ef | grep postgres
gpadmin          : ?        :: /usr/local/greenplum-db-5.21./bin/postgres -D /data/greenplum_data/gpmaster/gpseg- -p  --gp_dbid= --gp_num_contents_in_cluster= --silent-mode=true -i -M master --gp_contentid=- -x  -E
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , master logger process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , stats collector process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , writer process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , checkpointer process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , seqserver process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , ftsprobe process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , sweeper process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , stats sender process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , wal writer process
gpadmin      : ?        :: postgres:  , wal sender process gpadmin 192.168.18.131() streaming /C05A028
gpadmin      : pts/    :: grep --color=auto postgres

设置gpadmin用户环境变量，Master，Standby都需设置。

vim /home/gpadmin/.bashrc

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ cat .bashrc
# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh 

export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/data/greenplum_data/gpmaster/gpseg-
export PGPRORT=
export PGDATABASE=testDB

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ scp .bashrc gp-standby:`pwd`

启动和停止数据库测试是否能正常启动和关闭，命令如下

gpstart
gpstop 

到此 Greenplum 就部署完成了。下面进行一些简单的测试。

登录数据库：psql -d postgres

建表，插入，查询

postgres=# create table student ( no int primary key,student_name varchar(40),age int);
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "student_pkey" for table "student"
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into student values(1,'yayun',18);
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from student;
 no | student_name | age
----+--------------+-----
  1 | yayun        |  18
(1 row)