restful知识点之二restframework视图
restful协议理解：面向资源开发
restful协议
---- 一切皆是资源,操作只是请求方式
----book表增删改查
/books/ books
/books/add/ addbook
/books/(\d+)/change/ changebook
/books/(\d+)/delete/ delbook
----book表增删改查
/books/ -----get books ----- 返回当前所有数据
/books/ -----post books ----- 返回提交数据
/books/(\d+)-----get bookdetail ----- 返回当前查看的单条数据
/books/(\d+)-----put bookdetail ----- 返回更新数据
/books/(\d+)-----delete bookdetail ----- 返回空
class Books(View):
def get(self,request):
pass # 查看所有书籍
def post(self,request)：
pass # 添加书籍
class BooksDetail(View):
def get(self,request,id):
pass # 查看具体书籍
def put(self,request,id):
pass # 更新某本书籍
def delete(self,request,id)：
pass # 删除某本书籍
restful协议理解
安装restframework
pip3 install djangorestframework
Django序列化方式
# 方式1：
# publish_list=list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email")) # 方式2：
# from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
# temp=[]
# for obj in publish_list:
# temp.append(model_to_dict(obj)) # 方式3：（使用django框架的serializers方法）
# from django.core import serializers # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list) 方式4：使用rest_framework进行序列化
功能1：从querySet--->json
功能2：从json---->querySet 步骤1：from rest_framework import serializers
步骤2：用modelserializer(类似modelForm)
序列化querySet:
book_list=Book.objects.all()
bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
序列化对象：
obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookSerializers(obj)
备注：需要继承APIView类才能与rest-framwork序列化类相配合使用
一、初级处理视图方式
urls.py;两个url 一个处理全部数据，一个处理单条数据
处理全部数据：
get与post
处理单条数据
get、put(更新)与delete
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^Books/$', views.Books.as_view(),name='book'),
url(r'^Books_detail/(\d+)/$', views.Book_detail.as_view(),name='Books_detail'),
url(r'^Author/$', views.AuthorView.as_view(),name='Author'),
url(r'^AuthorDetail/(\d+)/$', views.perBookView.as_view(),name='AuthorDetail'), ]
views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01.serilizer import *
from django.views import View
from app01.models import *
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import serializers
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
全部视图查看处理类
class Books(APIView):
def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request):
bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors) 某条数据处理类
class Book_detail(APIView):
def get(self,request,id):
obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookSerializers(obj)
return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,id):
obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
bs=BookSerializers(obj,data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors) def delete(self,request,id):
Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response() class AuthorView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
author_list=Author.objects.all()
bs=Authorserializers(author_list,many=True)
return Response(bs.data) def post(self,request): ps=Authorserializers(data=request.data)
if ps.is_valid():
print(ps.validated_data)
ps.save() # create方法
return Response(ps.data)
else:
return Response(ps.errors) class perBookView(APIView):
#查看一条
def get(self,request,id):
authors_obj=Author.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
aa=Authorserializers(authors_obj)
return Response(aa.data) #更新一条
def put(self,request,id):
obj=Author.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
sobj=Authorserializers(obj,data=request.data)
if sobj.is_valid():
sobj.save()
return Response(sobj.data)
else:
return Response(sobj.errors) #删除一条
def delete(self,request,id):
Author.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response()
数据库
from django.db import models # Create your models here.
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField(null=True)
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
使用rest_framework序列化前转化成类方式
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import *
class Authorserializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Author
fields="__all__" class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Book
fields='__all__'
二、mixin类处理视图方式
generics.GenericAPIView继承了APIView,扩写的方法有：
处理全部数据：
get全部： mixins.ListModelMixin,
post: mixins.CreateModelMixin 处理单条数据：
get某条: mixins.RetrieveModelMixin
put（修改某条）： mixins.UpdateModelMixin
delete（删除某条）： mixins.DestroyModelMixin
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^Publishs/$', views.Publishs.as_view()),
url(r'^Publish_detail/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetail.as_view())
urls.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here.
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32) class Token(models.Model):
user=models.OneToOneField("User")
token = models.CharField(max_length=128) def __str__(self):
return self.token class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
models.py
from app01.models import *
from rest_framework import serializers class Publishkserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Publish
fields='__all__'
from app01.myserializer import *
# Create your views here.
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
from django.views import View
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.models import * #1mixin类编写视图--------------------------------- class Publishs(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):#扩写了APIView
#必须是固定死的queryset
queryset = Publish.objects.all()
print('queryset---------------------',queryset)
#必须是serializer_class
serializer_class = Publishkserializer
print(serializer_class, '') def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print('')
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class PublishDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Publish.objects.all()
print(queryset,'')
serializer_class = Publishkserializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
views.py
三、基于通用类的处理视图方式
相比mixin视图处理方式
处理全部数据：
generics.ListCreateAPIView
处理单条： generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^Author/$', views.Authors.as_view()),
url(r'^Author_detail/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorDetail.as_view()), ]
urls.py
#2使用通用的基于类的视图---------------------------------------
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
from app01.models import *
from app01.myserializer import *
class Authors(generics.ListCreateAPIView): queryset = Author.objects.all()
# print(queryset,'111111111111')
print(queryset,'')
serializer_class = Authorserializer class AuthorDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = Authorserializer
views.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here.
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32) class Token(models.Model):
user=models.OneToOneField("User")
token = models.CharField(max_length=128) def __str__(self):
return self.token class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
models.py
from app01.models import *
from rest_framework import serializers
class Authorserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Author
fields='__all__'
四、viewsets.ModelViewSet
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^Authors/$', views.AuthorsViewSet.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="book_list"),
url(r'^Authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorsViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'patch': 'partial_update',
'delete': 'destroy'
}), name="book_detail"), ]
urls.py
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
from rest_framework import viewsets
from app01.models import *
from app01.myserializer import *
class AuthorsViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = Authorserializer
views.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32) class Token(models.Model):
user=models.OneToOneField("User")
token = models.CharField(max_length=128) def __str__(self):
return self.token class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
models.py
from app01.models import *
from rest_framework import serializers class Publishkserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Publish
fields='__all__' class Bookserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Book
fields='__all__' class Authorserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Author
fields='__all__'
myserializer.py
五注册方式
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