socket编程头文件分析
在socket网络编程中经常用到一些宏定义、结构和函数,这些经常包含在相关的头文件中,使用时直接include相关头文件即可。下面简单描述下相关的一些结构及头文件。
1. sockaddr / bits/socket.h
socket编程最基本的就是socket地址,其定义在bits/socket.h中。但sys/socket.h包含bits/socket.h,且bits/socket.h明确指出该头文件不能直接使用,应使用sys/socket.h代替。
struct sockaddr
{
__SOCKADDR_COMMON (sa_); /* Common data: address family and length. */
char sa_data[]; /* Address data. */
};
其中__SOCKADDR_COMMON()宏定义在bits/sockaddr.h中
#define __SOCKADDR_COMMON(sa_prefix) \
sa_family_t sa_prefix##family #define __SOCKADDR_COMMON_SIZE (sizeof (unsigned short int))
替换后为
struct sockaddr{
unsigned short sa_family;
char sa_data[];
};
在bits/socket.h中还定义了协议族(Protocol families,PF_xxx)和地址族(Address families,AF_xx),两者一一对应,因此可以互换,应用场合根据概念稍有不同。
#define PF_UNSPEC 0 /* Unspecified. */
#define PF_LOCAL 1 /* Local to host (pipes and file-domain). */
#define PF_UNIX PF_LOCAL /* POSIX name for PF_LOCAL. */
#define PF_FILE PF_LOCAL /* Another non-standard name for PF_LOCAL. */
#define PF_INET 2 /* IP protocol family. */
#define PF_AX25 3 /* Amateur Radio AX.25. */
#define PF_IPX 4 /* Novell Internet Protocol. */
#define PF_APPLETALK 5 /* Appletalk DDP. */ #define PF_INET6 10 /* IP version 6. */ #define PF_LLC 26 /* Linux LLC. */
#define PF_CAN 29 /* Controller Area Network. */ #define PF_NFC 39 /* NFC sockets. */
#define PF_VSOCK 40 /* vSockets. */
#define PF_MAX 41 /* For now.. */
2. sys/socket.h
该头文件包含常用的socket编程函数接口,如:
socket() bind() listen() connect() accept() shutdown()
send() recv() sendto() recvfrom() sendmsg() recvmsg() sendmmsg() recvmmsg()
socketpair() getsockname() getpeername()
getsockopt() setsockopt()
除此外,sys/socket.h包含bits/socket.h,需要bits/socket.h的函数直接include sys/socket.h即可。
3. 网络socket地址 sockaddr_in -- netinet/in.h
与internet网络相关的头文件大部分在netinet目录下,如in.h ip.h(ip协议相关数据结构) tcp.h(tcp协议) udp.h(udp协议) ip_icmp.h(icmp协议) ip6.h icmp6.h等。
在网络编程中用到的socket地址是经过转换的网络socket地址sockaddr_in:
/* Structure describing an Internet socket address. */
struct sockaddr_in
{
__SOCKADDR_COMMON (sin_); /* unsigned short sin_family; */
in_port_t sin_port; /* Port number. */
struct in_addr sin_addr; /* Internet address. */ /* Pad to size of `struct sockaddr'. */
unsigned char sin_zero[sizeof (struct sockaddr) -
__SOCKADDR_COMMON_SIZE -
sizeof (in_port_t) -
sizeof (struct in_addr)];
};
网络地址
/* Internet address. */
typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;
struct in_addr
{
in_addr_t s_addr;
};
网络端口
/* Type to represent a port. */
typedef uint16_t in_port_t;
据此也可推断出:唯一确定一个连接(socket)的五要素:目的IP,目的端口,源IP,源端口,协议。
经典的4个主机网络字节序转换函数
/* Functions to convert between host and network byte order. Please note that these functions normally take `unsigned long int' or
`unsigned short int' values as arguments and also return them. But
this was a short-sighted decision since on different systems the types
may have different representations but the values are always the same. */ extern uint32_t ntohl (uint32_t __netlong) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
extern uint16_t ntohs (uint16_t __netshort)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
extern uint32_t htonl (uint32_t __hostlong)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
extern uint16_t htons (uint16_t __hostshort)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__const__));
netinet/in.h定义了标准协议enum:
enum
{
IPPROTO_IP = , /* Dummy protocol for TCP. */
#define IPPROTO_IP IPPROTO_IP
IPPROTO_ICMP = , /* Internet Control Message Protocol. */
#define IPPROTO_ICMP IPPROTO_ICMP
IPPROTO_IGMP = , /* Internet Group Management Protocol. */
#define IPPROTO_IGMP IPPROTO_IGMP
IPPROTO_IPIP = , /* IPIP tunnels (older KA9Q tunnels use 94). */
#define IPPROTO_IPIP IPPROTO_IPIP
IPPROTO_TCP = , /* Transmission Control Protocol. */
#define IPPROTO_TCP IPPROTO_TCP
IPPROTO_EGP = , /* Exterior Gateway Protocol. */
#define IPPROTO_EGP IPPROTO_EGP
IPPROTO_PUP = , /* PUP protocol. */
#define IPPROTO_PUP IPPROTO_PUP
IPPROTO_UDP = , /* User Datagram Protocol. */
#define IPPROTO_UDP IPPROTO_UDP
IPPROTO_IDP = , /* XNS IDP protocol. */ IPPROTO_IPV6 = , /* IPv6 header. */
#define IPPROTO_IPV6 IPPROTO_IPV6
IPPROTO_RAW = 255, /* Raw IP packets. */
#define IPPROTO_RAW IPPROTO_RAW
IPPROTO_MAX
};
标准端口enum
enum
{
IPPORT_ECHO = , /* Echo service. */
IPPORT_DISCARD = , /* Discard transmissions service. */
IPPORT_SYSTAT = , /* System status service. */
IPPORT_DAYTIME = , /* Time of day service. */
IPPORT_NETSTAT = , /* Network status service. */
IPPORT_FTP = , /* File Transfer Protocol. */
IPPORT_TELNET = , /* Telnet protocol. */
IPPORT_SMTP = , /* Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. */
IPPORT_TIMESERVER = , /* Timeserver service. */
IPPORT_NAMESERVER = , /* Domain Name Service. */
IPPORT_WHOIS = , /* Internet Whois service. */
IPPORT_MTP = , IPPORT_TFTP = , /* Trivial File Transfer Protocol. */
IPPORT_RJE = ,
IPPORT_FINGER = , /* Finger service. */
IPPORT_TTYLINK = ,
IPPORT_SUPDUP = , /* SUPDUP protocol. */ IPPORT_EXECSERVER = , /* execd service. */
IPPORT_LOGINSERVER = , /* rlogind service. */
IPPORT_CMDSERVER = ,
IPPORT_EFSSERVER = , /* UDP ports. */
IPPORT_BIFFUDP = ,
IPPORT_WHOSERVER = ,
IPPORT_ROUTESERVER = , /* Ports less than this value are reserved for privileged processes. */
IPPORT_RESERVED = , /* Ports greater this value are reserved for (non-privileged) servers. */
IPPORT_USERRESERVED =
};
ABCD四类网络,常用IP地址
#define IN_CLASSA(a) ((((in_addr_t)(a)) & 0x80000000) == 0) #define IN_CLASSB(a) ((((in_addr_t)(a)) & 0xc0000000) == 0x80000000) #define IN_CLASSC(a) ((((in_addr_t)(a)) & 0xe0000000) == 0xc0000000) #define IN_CLASSD(a) ((((in_addr_t)(a)) & 0xf0000000) == 0xe0000000) /* Address to accept any incoming messages. */
#define INADDR_ANY ((in_addr_t) 0x00000000)
/* Address to send to all hosts. */
#define INADDR_BROADCAST ((in_addr_t) 0xffffffff)
/* Address indicating an error return. */
#define INADDR_NONE ((in_addr_t) 0xffffffff) /* Network number for local host loopback. */
#define IN_LOOPBACKNET 127
还有IPv6、filter相关结构及函数。
4. 网络地址二进制与字符串转换 -- arpa/inet.h
推荐使用inet_pton()或inet_aton(),而非inet_addr()或inet_network(),因为返回值-1代表IP地址255.255.255.255。
extern int inet_aton (const char *__cp, struct in_addr *__inp) __THROW;
extern char *inet_ntoa (struct in_addr __in) __THROW; /* Convert from presentation format of an Internet number in buffer
starting at CP to the binary network format and store result for
interface type AF in buffer starting at BUF. */
extern int inet_pton (int __af, const char *__restrict __cp,
void *__restrict __buf) __THROW; /* Convert a Internet address in binary network format for interface
type AF in buffer starting at CP to presentation form and place
result in buffer of length LEN astarting at BUF. */
extern const char *inet_ntop (int __af, const void *__restrict __cp,
char *__restrict __buf, socklen_t __len) __THROW;
#define servip "192.168.1.103" inet_pton(AF_INET, servip, &servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
实现二进制网络ip与字符串ip之间的转换,均以inet开头。
此外arpa还包含ftp.h tftp.h telnet.h nameser.h nameser_compat.h。
5. netdb.h -- network data base library
/* All data returned by the network data base library are supplied in
host order and returned in network order (suitable for use in
system calls). */
提供主机/域名等结构体或函数。
/* Description of data base entry for a single host. */
struct hostent
{
char *h_name; /* Official name of host. */
char **h_aliases; /* Alias list. */
int h_addrtype; /* Host address type. */
int h_length; /* Length of address. */
char **h_addr_list; /* List of addresses from name server. */
#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_GNU
# define h_addr h_addr_list[] /* Address, for backward compatibility.*/
#endif
};
/* Description of data base entry for a single service. */
struct servent
{
char *s_name; /* Official service name. */
char **s_aliases; /* Alias list. */
int s_port; /* Port number. */
char *s_proto; /* Protocol to use. */
};
/* Description of data base entry for a single service. */
struct protoent
{
char *p_name; /* Official protocol name. */
char **p_aliases; /* Alias list. */
int p_proto; /* Protocol number. */
};
提供的常用函数:
extern struct hostent *gethostent (void);
extern struct hostent *gethostbyaddr (const void *__addr, __socklen_t __len,
int __type);
extern struct hostent *gethostbyname (const char *__name); extern struct servent *getservbyname (const char *__name, const char *__proto);
extern struct servent *getservbyport (int __port, const char *__proto); extern struct protoent *getprotobyname (const char *__name);
extern struct protoent *getprotobynumber (int __proto);
6. sys/un.h--unix域头文件
un.h中包含Unix域套接字的地址结构体sockaddr_un。
#include <sys/un.h>
#define UNIX_PATH_MAX 108 struct sockaddr_un {
__kernel_sa_family_t sun_family; /* AF_UNIX */
char sun_path[UNIX_PATH_MAX]; /* pathname */
};
实际地址长度为:offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(sun_path) + 1
socket编程头文件分析的更多相关文章
- Android JNI入门第三篇——jni头文件分析
一. 首先写了java文件: public class HeaderFile { private native void doVoid(); native int doShort(); native ...
- linux内核中链表代码分析---list.h头文件分析(一)【转】
转自:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-30254565-id-5637596.html linux内核中链表代码分析---list.h头文件分析(一) 16年2月27日17 ...
- linux内核中链表代码分析---list.h头文件分析(二)【转】
转自:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-30254565-id-5637598.html linux内核中链表代码分析---list.h头文件分析(二) 16年2月28日16 ...
- openCV之头文件分析
我们利用openCV开源库进行项目开发时,往往要牵涉到头文件的添加问题,而openCV中头文件众多,该如何选择呢?下面对openCV2.4.10的头文件进行一个简单的梳理,以便能够快速的添加对应的头文 ...
- linux编程头文件所在路径的问题
一.问题引入 1.头文件与库 当我们在PC主机linux环境下(如ubuntu),编写linux应用程序,然后利用gcc来编译.在源代码的开始位置会写入头文件,那是因为我们使用了系统提供的库函数,例如 ...
- Unix网络编程 — 头文件解析
1.1. < sys/types.h > primitive system data types(包含很多类型重定义,如pid_t.int8_t等) 1.2. < sys/socke ...
- 记一次:Windows的Socket编程学习和分析过程
Socket编程依赖于:WS2_32.dll --- 服务端 --- .导入我们需要的函数 #incldue <windows.h> //#include<WinSock2.h> ...
- windows 编程—— 头文件 指引
定义 相关头文件 #define UNICODE <WINUSER.h> <WINNT.h> <WINBASE.h> #define _UNICODE ...
- linux c 编程 ------ 头文件及其作用
#include <stdio.h> printf #include <sys/types.h> 基本系统数据类型.系统的基本数据类型在32编译环境中保持为32位值,在64编译 ...
随机推荐
- javascript上传多张图片并预览
直接上代码 html代码 <div> <label>封面</label> <input type="file" id="cove ...
- 摄像头模组光学CRA(chief ray angle)
http://blog.csdn.net/sylorchen/article/details/54618874 Lens CRA CRA(Chief Ray Angle):从镜头的传感器一侧,可以聚焦 ...
- [Python爬虫] 之三十:Selenium +phantomjs 利用 pyquery抓取栏目
一.介绍 本例子用Selenium +phantomjs爬取栏目(http://tv.cctv.com/lm/)的信息 二.网站信息 三.数据抓取 首先抓取所有要抓取网页链接,共39页,保存到数据库里 ...
- 用dd命令复制磁盘分区
用dd命令复制磁盘分区 首先是复制 复制前对写入的分区执行umount操作 sudo dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sda2 可以在另外一个终端输入这句,然后在原来的dd终端看到进度 ...
- (转)Linux下内存映射文件的用法简介
简介: 内存映射文件与虚拟内存有些类似,通过内存映射文件可以保留一个地址空间的区域,同时将物理存储器提交给此区域,只是内存文件映射的物理存储器来自一个已经存在于磁盘上的文件,而非系统的页文件,而且在对 ...
- linux mysql 更改MySQL数据库目录位置
MySQL默认的数据文件存储目录为/var/lib/mysql.假如要把目录移到/home/data下需要进行下面几步: 1.home目录下建立data目录 cd /home mkdir data 2 ...
- 爪哇国新游记之十三----XML文件读写
/** * XML读写示例 * @author hx * */ public class XmlReaderWriter{ /** * 读取一个XML文件,返回一个雇员链表 * @param file ...
- python __slot__
class Player(object): def __init__(self,name,age,life): self.name=name self.age=age self.life=life c ...
- python之sqlalchemy基本
一.SQLAlchemy 1.sqlalchemy是一个ORM框架,它本身无法操作数据库,需要依赖pymysql.MySQLdb,mssql等第三方插件 2.安装: pip install SQLAl ...
- mui 监听app运行状态
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title> ...