pip的安装问题

1. pip install 要不要加 sudo

不加sudo经常会遇到权限问题,如:

$ pip install robotframeworklexer 
Collecting robotframeworklexer 
Using cached robotframeworklexer-1.0.tar.gz 
Installing collected packages: robotframeworklexer 
Running setup.py install for robotframeworklexer ... error 
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-bdb9pw3q/robotframeworklexer/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('/r/n', '/n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-nh6zqdwr-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile: 
running install 
running build 
running build_py 
creating build 
creating build/lib 
copying robotframeworklexer.py -> build/lib 
running install_lib 
copying build/lib/robotframeworklexer.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages 
error: could not create '/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/robotframeworklexer.py': Permission denied

遇到这种需要向 /usr/local/pythonx.x/ 下拷贝东西的,要么加sudo -H,要么chmod/chown。

2. proxy
terminal下已经export 了 proxy的,是当前用户的环境变量,sudo的话将找不到,所以 sudo -H pip install xxx 需要另外指定 proxy:

sudo -H pip install xxx --proxy http://ip:port

3. pip install 安装到python2.x还是3.x

同时安装了 python2 和 python3 的电脑,可以使用这种方式来决定 pip 的 package 安装到哪里:

pip2 install xxx
pip3 install xxx

如果不注意,安装到3了,在2里咋都找不到,多烦人呐。

综上
最佳实践:
sudo -H pip2 install -U xxx --proxy http://ip:port