顺序栈（C++）

栈的定义为只允许在表的末端进行插入和删除的线性表。简而言之就是先进后出的线性表。

插入和删除的一端被称呼为栈顶（top），而不允许插入删除的一端被称为栈底（bottom）。无元素时的栈即为空栈。

使用一维数组实现栈

//stack.h
#ifndef STACK_H
#define STACK_H
#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxSize = 50;
 
template<class T>
class Stack
{
public:
	Stack(){};
	virtual void Push(const T& x) = 0;
	virtual void Pop(T& x) = 0;
	virtual bool getTop(T& x) = 0;
	virtual bool IsEmpty()const = 0;
	virtual bool IsFull()const = 0;
	virtual int getSize()const = 0;
};
#endif

//main.cpp

#include"stack.h"
const int stackIncreament = 20;
 
template<class T>
class SeqStack : public Stack<T>
{
private:
	T *elements;	//栈数组
	int top;	//栈顶指针
	int maxSize;//栈的大小
	void overflowProcess();//自动扩容函数
public:
	SeqStack(int sz = 50);
	~SeqStack(){delete[]this->elements;}
	void Push(const T& x);//向栈中压入元素
	void Pop(T& x);//出栈
	bool getTop(T& x);//获取栈顶元素
	bool IsEmpty()const{return (this->top==-1 ? true : false);}
	bool IsFull()const{return (this->top+1==this->maxSize ? true : false);}
	int getSize()const{return this->top+1;}
	void MakeEmpty(){this->top = -1;}//使栈空
	void print();
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, SeqStack<T>& s)//声明为友元函数，重载输出运算符<<
	{
		out<<"top = "<<s.top<<endl;
		for(int i=0; i<=s.top; ++i)
			out<<i<<":"<<s.elements[i]<<endl;
		return out;
	}
};
template<class T>
void SeqStack<T>::print()
{
	if(!this->IsEmpty())
	{
		for(int i=this->top; i>=0; --i)
			cout<<" ["<<this->elements[i]<<"] ";
	       cout<<endl;
	}
}
template<class T>
void SeqStack<T>::Push(const T& x)
{
	if(!this->IsFull())
	{
		++this->top;
		this->elements[this->top] = x;
	}
	else
	{
		this->overflowProcess();
		this->elements[this->top] = x;
		++this->top;
	}
};
template<class T>
void SeqStack<T>::Pop(T& x)
{
	if(!this->IsEmpty())
	{
		x = this->elements[this->top];
		--this->top;
	}
};
template<class T>
bool SeqStack<T>::getTop(T& x)
{
	if(!this->IsEmpty())
	{
		x = this->elements[this->top-1];
		return true;
	}
	return false;
};
template<class T>
void SeqStack<T>::overflowProcess()
{
	T *newArry = new T[maxSize+stackIncreament];
	if(newArry == NULL)
	{
		cout<<"内存分配失败！"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	for(int i=0; i<this->maxSize; ++i)
		newArry[i] = this->elements[i];
	this->maxSize = this->maxSize+stackIncreament;
	delete[]this->elements;
	this->elements = newArry;
};
template<class T>
SeqStack<T>::SeqStack(int sz):top(-1),maxSize(sz)
{
	this->elements = new T[this->maxSize];
	assert(this->elements != NULL);
};
 
int main()
{
	SeqStack<int> ss;
	for(int i=0; i<60; ++i)
		ss.Push(i);
	int i = int();
	ss.Pop(i);
	cout<<i<<endl;
	ss.print();
	cout<<ss<<endl;
	return 0;
}

试试执行效果

因为换行过多没有将整幅图上传。