使用nodejs爬取和讯网高管增减持数据

　　为了抓取和讯网高管增减持的数据,首先得分析一下数据的来源:

　　网址: http://stockdata.stock.hexun.com/ggzjc/history.shtml

　　使用chrome开发者工具,可以发现在切换到第二页时,浏览器向下述地址发起了网络访问请求:

　　http://stockdata.stock.hexun.com/ggzjc/data/ChangeHistory.aspx?count=30&page=2&callback=hxbase_json5

　　分析一下上述链接, count表示一页返回的结果数目,page代表页码数,callback表示回调函数的名称.

　　以下是发起上述URL对应的网络请求返回的数据:

　　很明显,这是一段javascript代码,不是json数据,无法使用python进行直接解析.为了加快项目进度,减少耦合,可以使用nodejs一步完成,不用将这个数据爬取分为抓取和解析两个步骤.

　　为了加快爬取速度,我们设置每发起一次请求,返回1000条数据,在给定页码范围的情况下,就可以生成由所有链接构成的数组:

function get_url_array(start, end) {
    var url_template = "http://stockdata.stock.hexun.com/ggzjc/data/ChangeHistory.aspx?count=1000&page=%d&callback=hxbase_json5"
    var util = require("util")
    var array = new Array()
    for (var i = start; i <= end; i++) {
        var url_one = util.format(url_template, i + 1)
        array.push(url_one)
    }
    return array
}

　　对于给定链接,获取该链接的数据并将其转换为javascript对象,取出其中有价值的数据list,对应函数:

function get_data_from_url(url) {
    var request = require('sync-request');
    var user_agent_list =[
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
        'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
        'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56',
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 ",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.94 Safari/537.36"
    ]
    var pos =randomIntRange(0,user_agent_list.length-1)
    // 增加user-agent
    var res = request('GET', url, {
        'headers': {
            'user-agent':user_agent_list[pos],
            'Host': 'stockdata.stock.hexun.com',
            'Referer': 'http://stockdata.stock.hexun.com/ggzjc/history.shtml'
        },
        retry : true,
        retryDelay: 10000,
        maxRetries: 5,
        timeout:200000
    });
    var buf = res.getBody()
    var iconv = require("iconv-lite")
    // 使用gb2312编码方式
    var data_str = iconv.decode(buf, 'gb2312')
    data_str = data_str.replace(/上海市浦东新区公共交通投资发\\/g,"上海市浦东新区公共交通投资发")
    var data_list = eval(data_str)
    return data_list.list
}

　　这里面有一个小坑,在大概处理第14个链接的时候,服务器返回的数据并不是正确的javascript脚本,在此处有错误:

//wrong !
changePeopleTitle: '上海市浦东新区公共交通投资发\'
//right
changePeopleTitle: '上海市浦东新区公共交通投资发'

　　就因为多了一个转义符号,导致整个语句有问题,不能正确利用eval函数进行转换.这背后肯定是某位mm手残的结果.所以需要对这个bug特殊处理,对应上述代码的标红部分.这个抓取程序需要正确设置user-agent,为了防止被卡,我设置了user-agent池,利用random函数随机选取user-agent.

//随机生成范围在low,high之间的随机数
function randomIntRange (low, high) {
    return Math.floor(Math.random() * (high - low + 1) + low);
}

　　为了解析javascript语句,需要设置和请求对应的回调函数,如下:

function hxbase_json5(str) {
    var data = eval(str)
    return data
}

　　解析javascript对象并将其存入数据库的操作定义在函数save_data_to_mysql() 中,其中利用了sequelize的orm模型来简化实现.

function save_data_to_mysql() {
 
    var Sequelize = require('sequelize')
    var sleep = require("sleep")
    var sequelize = new Sequelize(
        'dbname',
        'root',
        'passwd',
        {
            'dialect': 'mysql',
            'host': '127.0.0.1',
            'port': 3306,
            define: {
                charset: 'utf8',
                timestamps: false
                //不定义时间戳
            }
        }
    )
    //高管增减持
    var Ggzjc = sequelize.define(
        'table_name', {
            'stock_code': {//股票代码
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': false,
                'unique': false
            },
            'stock_name': {//股票名称
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': false,
                'unique': false
            },
            'changeDate': {//变动日期
                'type': Sequelize.DATEONLY,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'noticeDate': {//公告日期
                'type': Sequelize.DATEONLY,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'changeNum': {// 变动数量 万股
                'type': Sequelize.DOUBLE,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'averagePrice': {//均价
                'type': Sequelize.DOUBLE,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'price': {//金额
                'type': Sequelize.DOUBLE,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'shareHoldingNum': {//变动后持股数目
                'type': Sequelize.DOUBLE,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'changeRatio': {//变动人变动比
                'type': Sequelize.DOUBLE,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'circulationCapitalRatio': {//占流通股本比例
                'type': Sequelize.DOUBLE,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'changeWay': {//变动方式
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'changePeople': {//股份变动人
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'changePeopleTitle': {//相关董事高管
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'duties': {//职务
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'relation': {//关系
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': true
            },
            'industry': {//行业
                'type': Sequelize.STRING,
                'allowNull': true
            },
        }
    )
 
    Ggzjc.sync({force: true}).then(function () {
        var url_array = get_url_array(1, 58)
        for (var i = 0; i < url_array.length; i++) {
            var data = get_data_from_url(url_array[i])
            sleep.usleep(200000)
            print(i + 1)
            print('complete!')
            for (var j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
                var changeDate = '20' + data[j].changeDate
                var noticeDate = '20' + data[j].noticeDate
                var str_array = data[j].stockName.split("(")
                var stock_name = str_array[0]
                str_array = str_array[1].split(")")
                var stock_code = str_array[0]
                var changeNum = get_content_from_html(data[j].changeNum)
                if (changeNum != null) {
                    if (changeNum == "")
                        changeNum = null
                    else
                        changeNum = parseFloat(changeNum)
                }
                var averagePrice = data[j].averagePrice
                if (averagePrice == '&nbsp;')
                    averagePrice = null
                else
                    averagePrice = parseFloat(averagePrice)
                var price = get_content_from_html(data[j].price)
                if (price != null) {
                    if (price == '')
                        price = null
                    else
                        price = parseFloat(price)
                }
                var shareHoldingNum = data[j].shareHoldingNum
                if (shareHoldingNum == '&nbsp;')
                    shareHoldingNum = null
                else
                    shareHoldingNum = parseFloat(shareHoldingNum)
                var changeRatio = data[j].changeRatio
                if (changeRatio == '&nbsp;')
                    changeRatio = null
                else
                    changeRatio = parseFloat(changeRatio)
                var circulationCapitalRatio = data[j].circulationCapitalRatio
                if (circulationCapitalRatio == '&nbsp;')
                    circulationCapitalRatio = null
                else
                    circulationCapitalRatio = parseFloat(circulationCapitalRatio)
                var changeWay = data[j].changeWay
                if (changeWay == '&nbsp;')
                    changeWay = null
                var changePeople = data[j].changePeople
                // console.log(data[j].changePeople)
                if (changePeople == '&nbsp;')
                    changePeople = null
                var changePeopleTitle = data[j].changePeopleTitle
                if (changePeopleTitle == '&nbsp;')
                    changePeopleTitle = null
                var duties = get_content_from_html(data[j].duties)
                if (duties != null && duties == '')
                    duties = null
                var relation = get_content_from_html(data[j].relation)
                if (relation != null && relation == '')
                    relation = null
                var industry = data[j].industry
                if (industry == '&nbsp;')
                    industry = null
                var one = Ggzjc.build({
                    'stock_code': stock_code,
                    'stock_name': stock_name,
                    'changeDate': changeDate,
                    'noticeDate': noticeDate,
                    'changeNum': changeNum,
                    'averagePrice': averagePrice,
                    'price': price,
                    'shareHoldingNum': shareHoldingNum,
                    'changeRatio': changeRatio,
                    'circulationCapitalRatio': circulationCapitalRatio,
                    'changeWay': changeWay,
                    'changePeople': changePeople,
                    'changePeopleTitle': changePeopleTitle,
                    'duties': duties,
                    'relation': relation,
                    'industry': industry
                })
                one.save()
            }
 
        }
 
    })
}

　　需要解析并获取html标签<tag>content</tag>中的content,利用正则表达式取出><中间的文本就可以了.

function get_content_from_html(str) {
    var pattern = />[\s\S]+?</g
    var res = str.match(pattern)
    if (res == null) {
        return null
    }
    var result = res[0]
    return result.slice(1, result.length - 1)
}

done!

附注：

　　借助python execjs和pandas，我实现了以更加优美的姿势爬取上述内容，代码详见我的github：

　　https://github.com/zhoudayang/get_hexun