KubeKey 升级 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 补丁版本实战指南
作者：运维有术
前言
知识点
- 定级：入门级
- KubeKey 如何升级 KubeSphere 补丁版本
- KubeKey 如何升级 Kubernetes 补丁版本
- KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 升级准备及验证
- KubeKey 升级 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 的常见问题
实战服务器配置 (架构 1:1 复刻小规模生产环境，配置略有不同)
| 主机名 | IP | CPU | 内存 | 系统盘 | 数据盘 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k8s-master-1 | 192.168.9.91 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 100 | KubeSphere/k8s-master |
| k8s-master-2 | 192.168.9.92 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 100 | KubeSphere/k8s-master |
| k8s-master-3 | 192.168.9.93 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 100 | KubeSphere/k8s-master |
| k8s-worker-1 | 192.168.9.95 | 8 | 16 | 40 | 100 | k8s-worker/CI |
| k8s-worker-2 | 192.168.9.96 | 8 | 16 | 40 | 100 | k8s-worker |
| k8s-worker-3 | 192.168.9.97 | 8 | 16 | 40 | 100 | k8s-worker |
| k8s-storage-1 | 192.168.9.81 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 100/100/100/100/100 | ElasticSearch/GlusterFS/Ceph-Rook/Longhorn/NFS/ |
| k8s-storage-2 | 192.168.9.82 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 100/100/100/100 | ElasticSearch/GlusterFS/Ceph-Rook/Longhorn/ |
| k8s-storage-3 | 192.168.9.83 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 100/100/100/100 | ElasticSearch/GlusterFS/Ceph-Rook/Longhorn/ |
| registry | 192.168.9.80 | 4 | 8 | 40 | 100 | Sonatype Nexus 3 |
| 合计 | 10 | 52 | 152 | 400 | 2000 |
实战环境涉及软件版本信息
- 操作系统：CentOS 7.9 x86_64
- KubeSphere：v3.4.0 to v3.4.1
- Kubernetes：v1.24.12 to v1.24.14
- Containerd：1.6.4
- KubeKey: v3.0.13
1. 简介
1.1 Kubernetes 版本升级概述
KubeSphere v3.4.1 已于 2023 年 11 月 10 日正式发布，升级说明详见 Releases-v3.4.1 发布说明。该发布版修复了 v3.4.0 中存在的许多问题，建议所有人更新。
KubeSphere 官方的升级文档 操作比较简单。但是，实际升级过程还是遇到 2 个小问题。正好借此机会，写一篇完整版的 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 补丁版本升级完全实战指南。
为什么强调补丁版本？这里就要简单点介绍一下 Kubernetes 版本命名规则及升级策略。
Kubernetes 版本以 x.y.z 表示，其中 x 是主要版本， y 是次要版本，z 是补丁版本。Kubernetes 跨版本升级从 v1.28 开始支持 3 个次要版本，v1.28 以前支持 2 个次要版本。但是在升级时，高可用性（HA）集群 和 单节点集群，不同组件之间的偏差要求也不尽相同，具体信息可参考 Kubernetes 官方文档的版本偏差策略。
原生的 Kubeadm 和 Kubekey 都支持跨次版本升级，当使用 KubeKey 升级 Kubernetes 次要版本时，将从一个次要版本升级到下一个次要版本，直到目标版本。例如，v1.22 升级到 v.1.24 您会发现升级过程先从 v1.22 先升级到 v1.23 然后再升级到 v1.24，而不是直接从 v1.22 升级到 v1.24。
本文只适用于 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 组件的补丁版本升级，不涉及次要版本升级。
- KubeSphere v3.4.0 升级到 v3.4.1
- Kubernetes v1.24.x 升级到 v1.24.y
- 且只适用于小规模集群，中大规模集群有待验证
本期为什么暂时不涉及次要版本升级（仅作为个人观点）？
- 没有十足把握（谁敢说有？），生产环境不建议升级次要版本，尤其是跨越多个次要版本
- 必须要升级时，建议采用「建设新版本集群 + 迁移业务应用 」 的解决方案（适用于有全局负载或是网关，存算分离即 Kubernetes 和 后端存储耦合性不强的场景）
- 一定要原地跨次要版本升级，在做好充分备份、测试验证后，自求多福吧
- 升级有风险，操作需谨慎
当然，为了技术学习，也为了积累原地升级的实战经验，后期还是会推出次要版本升级指南。
KubeKey 支持 All-in-One 集群和多节点集群两种升级场景，本文只实战演示多节点集群的升级场景， All-in-One 集群请参考官方升级指南。
1.2 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 升级流程概述
本文演示多节点集群升级场景。在该场景下我们分别升级 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes。 KubeKey 本身支持一键直接升级 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes。但是，个人建议生产环境建议分别升级、分别验证。
具体的升级流程如下：
- 备份（必须）
- 下载最新版 KubeKey
- 生成集群部署配置文件并修改
- 升级并验证 KubeSphere
- 升级并验证 Kubernetes
- 验证测试
第一步，备份是一定要做的。具体备份啥？本文没有涉及，这个没有通用标准。我个人理解 Kubernetes 相关的 Etcd、集群配置是必须的，再有其他业务重要数据。可用备份迁移工具 Velero 完整备份，但是这也需要大量的额外存储。KubeKey 部署的 Kubernetes 集群自带定时备份 Etcd 的策略。
对于备份有以下想法意见仅供参考：
- 无论集群规模大小，只要是生产集群，就有必要建立日常备份、重大操作备份的备份方案
- 如果日常有备份的习惯建议定期根据备份做恢复演练，验证备份是否可用（实操很难）
- 现有的备份方案是否真的能恢复集群？能恢复集群到什么状态？
- 自用 Kubernetes 集群，建议将所有集群管理 YAMl 和业务部署 YAML 存入 GitLab 进行版本控制（利于备份恢复失败或无备份时快速重建业务，但是数据另算）
- 尽量设计存算分离的架构，让计算集群和存储集群松耦合，避免计算集群崩溃造成数据丢失。同时，也有利于计算集群崩溃重建的业务快速恢复。
2. 升级实战前提条件
为了进行实战演示，我们将使用 KubeKey 工具提前安装和部署一套 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 集群。同时，为了模拟真实的业务场景，我们将创建一些测试资源。在验证之前，我们还需要记录当前集群的一些关键信息。
2.1 集群环境
- 安装 v3.4.0 KubeSphere，并启用大部分插件
- 安装 v1.24.x 的 Kubernetes 集群（本文使用 v1.24.12）
- 对接 NFS 存储或是其他存储作为持久化存储（本文测试环境选用 NFS）
2.2 查看当前集群环境信息
下面查看的当前集群环境信息并不充分，只是查看几个具有代表性的资源，肯定有被忽略的组件和信息。
- 查看所有的 Deployment 使用的 Image，方便升级后对比
# 受限于篇幅，输出结果略，请自己保存结果
kubectl get deploy -A -o wide
- 查看命名空间
kubesphere-system内的常用资源（还有其他命名规则 kubesphere- 的命名空间，本文略）
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get pod,deployment,sts,ds -o wide -n kubesphere-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/ks-apiserver-7d7f8c7456-cr6hs 1/1 Running 3 (143m ago) 4d23h 10.233.88.111 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
pod/ks-console-697f467f5c-bkfkl 1/1 Running 3 (143m ago) 4d23h 10.233.88.115 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
pod/ks-controller-manager-755cbdf744-xllxj 1/1 Running 8 (141m ago) 4d23h 10.233.88.116 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
pod/ks-installer-69b7c7cf6c-kkz8w 1/1 Running 5 (143m ago) 4d23h 10.233.74.87 k8s-worker-2 <none> <none>
pod/minio-746f646bfb-4h7xj 1/1 Running 3 (143m ago) 4d23h 10.233.88.119 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
pod/openldap-0 1/1 Running 4 (143m ago) 4d23h 10.233.88.100 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
pod/openpitrix-import-job-plzc5 0/1 Completed 0 139m 10.233.85.48 k8s-master-2 <none> <none>
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment.apps/ks-apiserver 1/1 1 1 4d23h ks-apiserver registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-apiserver:v3.4.0 app=ks-apiserver,tier=backend
deployment.apps/ks-console 1/1 1 1 4d23h ks-console registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-console:v3.4.0 app=ks-console,tier=frontend
deployment.apps/ks-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 4d23h ks-controller-manager registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-controller-manager:v3.4.0 app=ks-controller-manager,tier=backend
deployment.apps/ks-installer 1/1 1 1 4d23h installer registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-installer:v3.4.0 app=ks-installer
deployment.apps/minio 1/1 1 1 4d23h minio registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/minio:RELEASE.2019-08-07T01-59-21Z app=minio,release=ks-minio
NAME READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES
statefulset.apps/openldap 1/1 4d23h openldap-ha registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/openldap:1.3.0
- 查看 Kubernetes 资源（受限于篇幅，不展示 pod 结果）
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get pods,deployment,sts,ds -o wide -n kube-system
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers 1/1 1 1 4d23h calico-kube-controllers registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-controllers:v3.26.1 k8s-app=calico-kube-controllers
deployment.apps/coredns 2/2 2 2 4d23h coredns registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/coredns:1.8.6 k8s-app=kube-dns
deployment.apps/metrics-server 1/1 1 1 4d23h metrics-server registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/metrics-server:v0.4.2 k8s-app=metrics-server
deployment.apps/openebs-localpv-provisioner 1/1 1 1 4d23h openebs-provisioner-hostpath registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/provisioner-localpv:3.3.0 name=openebs-localpv-provisioner,openebs.io/component-name=openebs-localpv-provisioner
NAME READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES
statefulset.apps/snapshot-controller 1/1 4d23h snapshot-controller registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/snapshot-controller:v4.0.0
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
daemonset.apps/calico-node 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 4d23h calico-node registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/node:v3.26.1 k8s-app=calico-node
daemonset.apps/kube-proxy 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 4d23h kube-proxy registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-proxy:v1.24.12 k8s-app=kube-proxy
daemonset.apps/nodelocaldns 6 6 6 6 6 <none> 4d23h node-cache registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/k8s-dns-node-cache:1.15.12 k8s-app=nodelocaldns
- 查看二进制文件
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/
total 352428
-rwxr-xr-x 1 kube root 65770992 Nov 29 11:42 calicoctl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23847904 Nov 29 13:50 etcd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 kube root 17620576 Nov 29 13:50 etcdctl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 kube root 46182400 Nov 29 11:42 helm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 kube root 44744704 Nov 29 11:42 kubeadm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 kube root 46075904 Nov 29 11:42 kubectl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 kube root 116637176 Nov 29 11:42 kubelet
drwxr-xr-x 2 kube root 71 Nov 29 13:51 kube-scripts
2.3 创建测试验证资源
- 创建测试命名空间
upgrade-test
kubectl create ns upgrade-test
- 创建测试资源文件，使用镜像 nginx:latest 创建 1 个 6 副本的测试业务（包含 pvc），每个副本分布在 1 台 Worker 节点，
vi nginx-test.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: test-nginx
namespace: upgrade-test
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
serviceName: "nginx"
replicas: 6
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 80
name: web
volumeMounts:
- name: nfs-volume
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: nfs-volume
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
storageClassName: "nfs-sc"
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
- 创建测试资源
kubectl apply -f nginx-test.yaml
- 写入 index 主页文件
for id in $(seq 0 1 5);do kubectl exec -it test-nginx-$id -n upgrade-test -- sh -c "echo I test-nginx-$id > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html";done
- 查看测试资源
# 查看 Pod（每个节点一个副本）
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n upgrade-test
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
test-nginx-0 1/1 Running 0 2m3s 10.233.85.56 k8s-master-2 <none> <none>
test-nginx-1 1/1 Running 0 101s 10.233.80.32 k8s-master-1 <none> <none>
test-nginx-2 1/1 Running 0 79s 10.233.96.16 k8s-master-3 <none> <none>
test-nginx-3 1/1 Running 0 57s 10.233.74.99 k8s-worker-2 <none> <none>
test-nginx-4 1/1 Running 0 35s 10.233.87.68 k8s-worker-3 <none> <none>
test-nginx-5 1/1 Running 0 13s 10.233.88.130 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
# 查看 PVC
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get pvc -o wide -n upgrade-test
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE VOLUMEMODE
nfs-volume-test-nginx-0 Bound pvc-569f3eea-7e91-4ae0-8bdf-3f38b9ab3ee5 1Gi RWO nfs-sc 2m32s Filesystem
nfs-volume-test-nginx-1 Bound pvc-f1ef2599-7a7a-45c4-bdd6-8f3884f1fa7b 1Gi RWO nfs-sc 2m10s Filesystem
nfs-volume-test-nginx-2 Bound pvc-78bdb52c-1efc-425f-9533-445d8aadc495 1Gi RWO nfs-sc 108s Filesystem
nfs-volume-test-nginx-3 Bound pvc-1ce168eb-22fb-41a1-bb39-d252dbca4b39 1Gi RWO nfs-sc 86s Filesystem
nfs-volume-test-nginx-4 Bound pvc-553e2e5a-bf6c-4995-8856-9fd5d0ab2623 1Gi RWO nfs-sc 64s Filesystem
nfs-volume-test-nginx-5 Bound pvc-fa12b4b2-25e0-4860-a5dd-81c4eaf6e7f0 1Gi RWO nfs-sc 42s Filesystem
# 查看 index.html
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# for id in $(seq 0 1 5);do kubectl exec -it test-nginx-$id -n upgrade-test -- cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html;done
I test-nginx-0
I test-nginx-1
I test-nginx-2
I test-nginx-3
I test-nginx-4
I test-nginx-5
2.4 升级时观测集群和业务状态
本文的观测并不一定全面充分，所以各位在实际升级验证测试时，需要根据真实环境补充。
- 观察集群节点状态
watch kubectl get nodes
- 观查测试命名空间的资源状态
kubectl get pods -o wide -n upgrade-test
- ping 测模拟的业务 IP（随机找一个 Pod）
ping 10.233.80.31
- curl 模拟的业务 IP（随机找一个 Pod，跟 Ping 测的不同）
watch curl 10.233.88.130
- 观测模拟的业务磁盘挂载情况（没验证写入）
watch kubectl exec -it test-nginx-3 -n upgrade-test -- df -h
3. 下载 KubeKey
升级集群前执行以下命令，下载最新版或是指定版本的 KubeKey。
export KKZONE=cn
curl -sfL https://get-kk.kubesphere.io | VERSION=v3.0.13 sh -
4. 生成集群部署配置文件
4.1 使用 KubeKey 生成配置文件
升级之前需要准备集群部署文件，首选，建议使用 KubeKey 部署 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 集群时使用的配置文件。
如果部署时使用的配置丢失，可以执行以下命令，基于现有集群创建一个 sample.yaml 配置文件（本文重点演示）。
./kk create config --from-cluster
备注 :
本文假设 kubeconfig 位于
~/.kube/config。您可以通过--kubeconfig标志进行修改。
实际命令执行结果如下：
[root@k8s-master-1 kubekey]# ./kk create config --from-cluster
Notice: /root/kubekey/sample.yaml has been created. Some parameters need to be filled in by yourself, please complete it.
生成的配置文件 sample.yaml
apiVersion: kubekey.kubesphere.io/v1alpha2
kind: Cluster
metadata:
name: sample
spec:
hosts:
##You should complete the ssh information of the hosts
- {name: k8s-master-1, address: 192.168.9.91, internalAddress: 192.168.9.91}
- {name: k8s-master-2, address: 192.168.9.92, internalAddress: 192.168.9.92}
- {name: k8s-master-3, address: 192.168.9.93, internalAddress: 192.168.9.93}
- {name: k8s-worker-1, address: 192.168.9.95, internalAddress: 192.168.9.95}
- {name: k8s-worker-2, address: 192.168.9.96, internalAddress: 192.168.9.96}
- {name: k8s-worker-3, address: 192.168.9.97, internalAddress: 192.168.9.97}
roleGroups:
etcd:
- SHOULD_BE_REPLACED
master:
worker:
- k8s-master-1
- k8s-master-2
- k8s-master-3
- k8s-worker-1
- k8s-worker-2
- k8s-worker-3
controlPlaneEndpoint:
##Internal loadbalancer for apiservers
#internalLoadbalancer: haproxy
##If the external loadbalancer was used, 'address' should be set to loadbalancer's ip.
domain: lb.opsman.top
address: ""
port: 6443
kubernetes:
version: v1.24.12
clusterName: opsman.top
proxyMode: ipvs
masqueradeAll: false
maxPods: 110
nodeCidrMaskSize: 24
network:
plugin: calico
kubePodsCIDR: 10.233.64.0/18
kubeServiceCIDR: 10.233.0.0/18
registry:
privateRegistry: ""
4.2 修改配置文件模板
根据实际的集群配置修改 sample.yaml 文件，请确保正确修改以下字段。
hosts：您主机的基本信息（主机名和 IP 地址）以及使用 SSH 连接至主机的信息（重点修改，需要加入 SSH 用户名和密码）。roleGroups.etcd：etcd 节点（重点修改）。roleGroups.master：master 节点（重点修改，默认没生成，必须手动加入否则会报错，参见 常见问题 1），注意： 该参数字段在部署时生成的配置文件中的名称为roleGroups.control-plane。roleGroups.worker：worker 节点（核对修改）。controlPlaneEndpoint：负载均衡器信息（可选）。kubernetes.containerManager：修改容器运行时（必选，默认没生成，必须手动加入否则会报错，参见 常见问题 2）registry：镜像服务信息（可选）。
修改后文件内容：
apiVersion: kubekey.kubesphere.io/v1alpha2
kind: Cluster
metadata:
name: sample
spec:
hosts:
##You should complete the ssh information of the hosts
- {name: k8s-master-1, address: 192.168.9.91, internalAddress: 192.168.9.91, user: root, password: "P@88w0rd"}
- {name: k8s-master-2, address: 192.168.9.92, internalAddress: 192.168.9.92, user: root, password: "P@88w0rd"}
- {name: k8s-master-3, address: 192.168.9.93, internalAddress: 192.168.9.93, user: root, password: "P@88w0rd"}
- {name: k8s-worker-1, address: 192.168.9.95, internalAddress: 192.168.9.95, user: root, password: "P@88w0rd"}
- {name: k8s-worker-2, address: 192.168.9.96, internalAddress: 192.168.9.96, user: root, password: "P@88w0rd"}
- {name: k8s-worker-3, address: 192.168.9.97, internalAddress: 192.168.9.97, user: root, password: "P@88w0rd"}
roleGroups:
etcd:
- k8s-master-1
- k8s-master-2
- k8s-master-3
master:
- k8s-master-1
- k8s-master-2
- k8s-master-3
worker:
- k8s-master-1
- k8s-master-2
- k8s-master-3
- k8s-worker-1
- k8s-worker-2
- k8s-worker-3
controlPlaneEndpoint:
##Internal loadbalancer for apiservers
internalLoadbalancer: haproxy
##If the external loadbalancer was used, 'address' should be set to loadbalancer's ip.
domain: lb.opsman.top
address: ""
port: 6443
kubernetes:
version: v1.24.12
clusterName: opsman.top
proxyMode: ipvs
masqueradeAll: false
maxPods: 110
nodeCidrMaskSize: 24
containerManager: containerd
network:
plugin: calico
kubePodsCIDR: 10.233.64.0/18
kubeServiceCIDR: 10.233.0.0/18
registry:
privateRegistry: ""
5. 升级 KubeSphere
5.1 升级 KubeSphere
执行以下命令，将 KubeSphere 从 v3.4.0 升级至 v3.4.1：
export KKZONE=cn
./kk upgrade --with-kubesphere v3.4.1 -f sample.yaml
执行后的结果如下（按提示输入 yes 继续）：
[root@k8s-master-1 kubekey]# ./kk upgrade --with-kubesphere v3.4.1 -f sample.yaml
_ __ _ _ __
| | / / | | | | / /
| |/ / _ _| |__ ___| |/ / ___ _ _
| \| | | | '_ \ / _ \ \ / _ \ | | |
| |\ \ |_| | |_) | __/ |\ \ __/ |_| |
\_| \_/\__,_|_.__/ \___\_| \_/\___|\__, |
__/ |
|___/
14:04:22 CST [GreetingsModule] Greetings
14:04:22 CST message: [k8s-worker-3]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:04:22 CST message: [k8s-master-3]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:04:22 CST message: [k8s-master-1]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:04:23 CST message: [k8s-master-2]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:04:23 CST message: [k8s-worker-1]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:04:23 CST message: [k8s-worker-2]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
14:04:23 CST [NodePreCheckModule] A pre-check on nodes
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
14:04:23 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Get KubeConfig file
14:04:23 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:23 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:23 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:23 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Get all nodes Kubernetes version
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:24 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Calculate min Kubernetes version
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:24 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Check desired Kubernetes version
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:24 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Check KubeSphere version
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:24 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Check dependency matrix for KubeSphere and Kubernetes
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:24 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Get kubernetes nodes status
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:04:24 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:04:24 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:04:24 CST [UpgradeConfirmModule] Display confirmation form
+--------------+------+------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+------------+------------+-------------+------------------+--------------+
| name | sudo | curl | openssl | ebtables | socat | ipset | ipvsadm | conntrack | chrony | docker | containerd | nfs client | ceph client | glusterfs client | time |
+--------------+------+------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+------------+------------+-------------+------------------+--------------+
| k8s-master-1 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:04:23 |
| k8s-master-2 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:04:23 |
| k8s-master-3 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:04:23 |
| k8s-worker-1 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:04:23 |
| k8s-worker-2 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:04:23 |
| k8s-worker-3 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:04:23 |
+--------------+------+------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+------------+------------+-------------+------------------+--------------+
Cluster nodes status:
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master-1 Ready control-plane 5d2h v1.24.12 192.168.9.91 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-master-2 Ready control-plane,worker 5d2h v1.24.12 192.168.9.92 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-master-3 Ready control-plane,worker 5d2h v1.24.12 192.168.9.93 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-1 Ready worker 5d2h v1.24.12 192.168.9.95 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-2 Ready worker 5d2h v1.24.12 192.168.9.96 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-3 Ready worker 5d v1.24.12 192.168.9.97 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
Upgrade Confirmation:
kubernetes version: v1.24.12 to v1.24.12
kubesphere version: v3.4.0 to v3.4.1
Continue upgrading cluster? [yes/no]:
注意： Upgrade 信息确认，Kubernetes 保持版本不变，KubeSphere 提示从 v3.4.0 升级至 v3.4.1。
点击「yes」后，删减版执行结果如下：
14:11:53 CST [ProgressiveUpgradeModule 2/2] Set current k8s version
14:11:53 CST skipped: [LocalHost]
14:11:53 CST [ChownModule] Chown user $HOME/.kube dir
14:11:53 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
14:11:53 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
14:11:53 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
14:11:53 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
14:11:53 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
14:11:53 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:11:53 CST Pipeline[UpgradeClusterPipeline] execute successfully
5.2 KubeSphere 升级后验证
查看命名空间 kubesphere-system 内的常用资源（还有其他命名规则 kubesphere- 的命名空间，本文略）
[root@k8s-master-1 kubekey]# kubectl get pod,deployment,sts,ds -o wide -n kubesphere-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/ks-apiserver-746df45599-bcx2k 1/1 Running 0 67s 10.233.85.63 k8s-master-2 <none> <none>
pod/ks-console-7c65d9b546-rqsgk 1/1 Running 0 67s 10.233.80.33 k8s-master-1 <none> <none>
pod/ks-controller-manager-7c87998597-g45jc 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.233.85.64 k8s-master-2 <none> <none>
pod/ks-installer-7cc98d8bcb-jrhv7 1/1 Running 0 4m34s 10.233.85.62 k8s-master-2 <none> <none>
pod/minio-746f646bfb-4h7xj 1/1 Running 3 (5h15m ago) 5d2h 10.233.88.119 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
pod/openldap-0 1/1 Running 4 (5h15m ago) 5d2h 10.233.88.100 k8s-worker-1 <none> <none>
pod/openpitrix-import-job-wcccl 0/1 Completed 0 42s 10.233.80.34 k8s-master-1 <none> <none>
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment.apps/ks-apiserver 1/1 1 1 5d2h ks-apiserver registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-apiserver:v3.4.1 app=ks-apiserver,tier=backend
deployment.apps/ks-console 1/1 1 1 5d2h ks-console registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-console:v3.4.1 app=ks-console,tier=frontend
deployment.apps/ks-controller-manager 1/1 1 1 5d2h ks-controller-manager registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-controller-manager:v3.4.1 app=ks-controller-manager,tier=backend
deployment.apps/ks-installer 1/1 1 1 5d2h installer registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/ks-installer:v3.4.1 app=ks-installer
deployment.apps/minio 1/1 1 1 5d2h minio registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/minio:RELEASE.2019-08-07T01-59-21Z app=minio,release=ks-minio
NAME READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES
statefulset.apps/openldap 1/1 5d2h openldap-ha registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/openldap:1.3.0
分析执行（不完全）结果：
- ks-apiserver、ks-console、ks-controller-manager、ks-installer、openpitrix-import-job 等组件有重新执行和重建的动作（查看 AGE 列）
- ks-apiserver、ks-console、ks-controller-manager、ks-installer 等组件使用的 Image 版本变成了 v3.4.1
- 升级过程中观测的 Nginx 业务没有出现中断
- 其他有变化的 Pod 可以使用命令查看
kubectl get pods -A
登陆管理控制台验证：
- 工作台首页显示的版本号变更为 3.4.1（升级前未截图，只是在命令行中有显示）
- 系统组件状态（所有组件显示正常）
6. 升级 Kubernetes
6.1 升级 Kubernetes
执行以下命令，将 Kubernetes 从 v1.24.12 升级至 v1.24.14。
./kk upgrade --with-kubernetes v1.24.14 -f sample.yaml
执行后的结果如下（按提示输入 yes 继续）：
[root@k8s-master-1 kubekey]# ./kk upgrade --with-kubernetes v1.24.14 -f sample.yaml
_ __ _ _ __
| | / / | | | | / /
| |/ / _ _| |__ ___| |/ / ___ _ _
| \| | | | '_ \ / _ \ \ / _ \ | | |
| |\ \ |_| | |_) | __/ |\ \ __/ |_| |
\_| \_/\__,_|_.__/ \___\_| \_/\___|\__, |
__/ |
|___/
14:54:10 CST [GreetingsModule] Greetings
14:54:10 CST message: [k8s-worker-3]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:54:10 CST message: [k8s-master-3]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:54:10 CST message: [k8s-master-1]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:54:11 CST message: [k8s-master-2]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:54:11 CST message: [k8s-worker-1]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:54:11 CST message: [k8s-worker-2]
Greetings, KubeKey!
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
14:54:11 CST [NodePreCheckModule] A pre-check on nodes
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:11 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Get KubeConfig file
14:54:11 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:11 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:11 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:11 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Get all nodes Kubernetes version
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:12 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Calculate min Kubernetes version
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:12 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Check desired Kubernetes version
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:12 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Check KubeSphere version
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:12 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Check dependency matrix for KubeSphere and Kubernetes
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:12 CST [ClusterPreCheckModule] Get kubernetes nodes status
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:54:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:54:12 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
14:54:12 CST [UpgradeConfirmModule] Display confirmation form
+--------------+------+------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+------------+------------+-------------+------------------+--------------+
| name | sudo | curl | openssl | ebtables | socat | ipset | ipvsadm | conntrack | chrony | docker | containerd | nfs client | ceph client | glusterfs client | time |
+--------------+------+------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+------------+------------+-------------+------------------+--------------+
| k8s-master-1 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:54:11 |
| k8s-master-2 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:54:11 |
| k8s-master-3 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:54:11 |
| k8s-worker-1 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:54:11 |
| k8s-worker-2 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:54:11 |
| k8s-worker-3 | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | y | | v1.6.4 | y | | | CST 14:54:11 |
+--------------+------+------+---------+----------+-------+-------+---------+-----------+--------+--------+------------+------------+-------------+------------------+--------------+
Cluster nodes status:
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master-1 Ready control-plane 5d3h v1.24.12 192.168.9.91 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-master-2 Ready control-plane,worker 5d3h v1.24.12 192.168.9.92 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-master-3 Ready control-plane,worker 5d3h v1.24.12 192.168.9.93 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-1 Ready worker 5d3h v1.24.12 192.168.9.95 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-2 Ready worker 5d3h v1.24.12 192.168.9.96 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-3 Ready worker 5d1h v1.24.12 192.168.9.97 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
Upgrade Confirmation:
kubernetes version: v1.24.12 to v1.24.14
Continue upgrading cluster? [yes/no]:
注意： Upgrade 信息确认，Kubernetes 提示从 v1.24.12 升级至 v1.24.14。
点击「yes」后，删减版执行结果如下：
15:15:35 CST [ProgressiveUpgradeModule 2/2] Set current k8s version
15:15:35 CST skipped: [LocalHost]
15:15:35 CST [ChownModule] Chown user $HOME/.kube dir
15:15:35 CST success: [k8s-worker-1]
15:15:35 CST success: [k8s-worker-3]
15:15:35 CST success: [k8s-worker-2]
15:15:35 CST success: [k8s-master-2]
15:15:35 CST success: [k8s-master-1]
15:15:35 CST success: [k8s-master-3]
15:15:35 CST Pipeline[UpgradeClusterPipeline] execute successfully
升级的软件列表（由于并没有使用原有的 Kubekey 目录的数据升级集群。因此，会自动下载所需的所有软件包，标粗的为实际更新的软件）
kubeadm v1.24.14
kubelet v1.24.14
kubectl v1.24.14
helm v3.9.0
kubecni v1.2.0
crictl v1.24.0
etcd v3.4.13
containerd 1.6.4
runc v1.1.1
calicoctl v3.26.1
升级中观测结果
- Master 和 Worker 节点会逐一升级，升级过程中在 Master 节点执行 kubectl 的命令时会出现 API 无法连接的情况
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
The connection to the server lb.opsman.top:6443 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
说明：
出现这种现象并不是说 Kubernetes 的 API 没有高可用，实际上是伪高可用。
主要是因为 KubeKey 部署的内置负载均衡 HAProxy 只作用于 Worker 节点，在 Master 节点只会连接本机的 kube-apiserver（因此，也说明有条件还是自建负载均衡比较好）。
# Master 节点
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# ss -ntlup | grep 6443
tcp LISTEN 0 32768 [::]:6443 [::]:* users:(("kube-apiserver",pid=5780,fd=7))
# Worker 节点
[root@k8s-worker-1 ~]# ss -ntlup | grep 6443
tcp LISTEN 0 4000 127.0.0.1:6443 *:* users:(("haproxy",pid=1778,fd=7))
- 测试的 Nginx 业务服务未中断（ping、curl、df 都未见异常）
- kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-proxy、kube-scheduler 镜像从 v1.24.12 直接升级到了 v1.24.14，没有经过中间的补丁版本
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# crictl images | grep v1.24
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-apiserver v1.24.12 2d5d51b77357e 34.1MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-apiserver v1.24.14 b651b48a617a5 34.3MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-controller-manager v1.24.12 d30605171488d 31.3MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-controller-manager v1.24.14 d40212fa9cf04 31.5MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-proxy v1.24.12 562ccc25ea629 39.6MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-proxy v1.24.14 e57c0d007d1ef 39.7MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-scheduler v1.24.12 cfa5d12eaa131 15.7MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-scheduler v1.24.14 19bf7b80c50e5 15.8MB
6.2 Kubernetes 升级后验证
- 查看 Nodes 版本（VERSION 更新为 v1.24.14）
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master-1 Ready control-plane 5d3h v1.24.14 192.168.9.91 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-master-2 Ready control-plane,worker 5d3h v1.24.14 192.168.9.92 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-master-3 Ready control-plane,worker 5d3h v1.24.14 192.168.9.93 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-1 Ready worker 5d3h v1.24.14 192.168.9.95 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-2 Ready worker 5d3h v1.24.14 192.168.9.96 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
k8s-worker-3 Ready worker 5d1h v1.24.14 192.168.9.97 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 5.4.261-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 containerd://1.6.4
- 查看 Kubernetes 资源（受限于篇幅，不展示 pod 结果，但实际变化都在 Pod 上）
[root@k8s-master-1 kubekey]# kubectl get deployment,sts,ds -o wide -n kube-system
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers 1/1 1 1 5d3h calico-kube-controllers registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-controllers:v3.26.1 k8s-app=calico-kube-controllers
deployment.apps/coredns 2/2 2 2 5d3h coredns registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/coredns:1.8.6 k8s-app=kube-dns
deployment.apps/metrics-server 1/1 1 1 5d3h metrics-server registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/metrics-server:v0.4.2 k8s-app=metrics-server
deployment.apps/openebs-localpv-provisioner 1/1 1 1 5d3h openebs-provisioner-hostpath registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/provisioner-localpv:3.3.0 name=openebs-localpv-provisioner,openebs.io/component-name=openebs-localpv-provisioner
NAME READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES
statefulset.apps/snapshot-controller 1/1 5d3h snapshot-controller registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/snapshot-controller:v4.0.0
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
daemonset.apps/calico-node 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 5d3h calico-node registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/node:v3.26.1 k8s-app=calico-node
daemonset.apps/kube-proxy 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 5d3h kube-proxy registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/kube-proxy:v1.24.14 k8s-app=kube-proxy
daemonset.apps/nodelocaldns 6 6 6 6 6 <none> 5d3h node-cache registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/kubesphereio/k8s-dns-node-cache:1.15.12 k8s-app=nodelocaldns
- 查看二进制文件
[root@k8s-master-1 kubekey]# ll /usr/local/bin/
total 352448
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 65770992 Dec 4 15:09 calicoctl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23847904 Nov 29 13:50 etcd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 kube root 17620576 Nov 29 13:50 etcdctl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 46182400 Dec 4 15:09 helm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 44748800 Dec 4 15:09 kubeadm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 46080000 Dec 4 15:09 kubectl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 116646168 Dec 4 15:09 kubelet
drwxr-xr-x 2 kube root 71 Nov 29 13:51 kube-scripts
注意： 除了 etcd 其他都有更新，说明 ETCD 不在组件更新范围内
- 创建测试资源
kubectl create deployment nginx-upgrade-test --image=nginx:latest --replicas=6 -n upgrade-test
说明： 本测试比较简单，生产环境建议更充分的测试
- 查看创建的测试资源
# 查看 Deployment
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get deployment -n upgrade-test
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-upgrade-test 6/6 6 6 14s
# 查看 Pod
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl get deployment,pod -n upgrade-test
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/nginx-upgrade-test 6/6 6 6 54s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-upgrade-test-6df47f7cd7-8fv9l 1/1 Running 0 54s
pod/nginx-upgrade-test-6df47f7cd7-8jtmn 1/1 Running 0 54s
pod/nginx-upgrade-test-6df47f7cd7-9k7lr 1/1 Running 0 54s
pod/nginx-upgrade-test-6df47f7cd7-gq7mz 1/1 Running 0 54s
pod/nginx-upgrade-test-6df47f7cd7-qj9lf 1/1 Running 0 54s
pod/nginx-upgrade-test-6df47f7cd7-v8x6s 1/1 Running 0 54s
pod/test-nginx-0 1/1 Running 1 (3h13m ago) 5h55m
pod/test-nginx-1 1/1 Running 1 (3h13m ago) 5h55m
pod/test-nginx-2 1/1 Running 1 (3h13m ago) 5h54m
pod/test-nginx-3 1/1 Running 1 (3h13m ago) 5h54m
pod/test-nginx-4 1/1 Running 1 (3h13m ago) 5h53m
pod/test-nginx-5 1/1 Running 1 (3h13m ago) 5h53m
至此，我们顺利的完成了 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 的补丁版本升级及测试验证。
7. 常见问题
7.1 问题 1
- 报错信息
[root@k8s-master-1 kubekey]# ./kk upgrade --with-kubesphere v3.4.1 -f sample.yaml
14:00:54 CST [FATA] The number of master/control-plane cannot be 0
- 解决方案
修改集群部署文件 sample.yaml，正确填写 roleGroups.master：master 节点信息
7.2 问题 2
- 报错信息
Continue upgrading cluster? [yes/no]: yes
14:07:02 CST success: [LocalHost]
14:07:02 CST [SetUpgradePlanModule 1/2] Set upgrade plan
14:07:02 CST success: [LocalHost]
14:07:02 CST [SetUpgradePlanModule 1/2] Generate kubeadm config
14:07:02 CST message: [k8s-master-1]
Failed to get container runtime cgroup driver.: Failed to exec command: sudo -E /bin/bash -c "docker info | grep 'Cgroup Driver'"
/bin/bash: docker: command not found: Process exited with status 1
14:07:02 CST retry: [k8s-master-1]
14:07:07 CST message: [k8s-master-1]
Failed to get container runtime cgroup driver.: Failed to exec command: sudo -E /bin/bash -c "docker info | grep 'Cgroup Driver'"
/bin/bash: docker: command not found: Process exited with status 1
14:07:07 CST retry: [k8s-master-1]
14:07:12 CST message: [k8s-master-1]
Failed to get container runtime cgroup driver.: Failed to exec command: sudo -E /bin/bash -c "docker info | grep 'Cgroup Driver'"
/bin/bash: docker: command not found: Process exited with status 1
14:07:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-3]
14:07:12 CST skipped: [k8s-master-2]
14:07:12 CST failed: [k8s-master-1]
error: Pipeline[UpgradeClusterPipeline] execute failed: Module[SetUpgradePlanModule 1/2] exec failed:
failed: [k8s-master-1] [GenerateKubeadmConfig] exec failed after 3 retries: Failed to get container runtime cgroup driver.: Failed to exec command: sudo -E /bin/bash -c "docker info | grep 'Cgroup Driver'"
/bin/bash: docker: command not found: Process exited with status 1
- 解决方案
修改集群部署文件 sample.yaml，正确填写 kubernetes.containerManager: containerd，默认使用 Docker。
8. 总结
本文通过实战演示了 KubeKey 部署的 KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 升级补丁版本的详细过程，以及可能遇到的问题和对应的解决方案。同时，也阐述了在升级前和升级后需要进行哪些验证，以确保系统升级的成功。
概括总结全文主要涉及以下内容：
- Kubernetes 版本升级策略介绍
- 升级实战环境准备
- KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 升级准备和升级过程监测
- 利用 KubeKey 升级 KubeSphere
- 利用 KubeKey 升级 Kubernetes
- KubeSphere 和 Kubernetes 升级后验证
本文所提供的实战内容可以直接应用于测试和研发环境。同时，对于生产环境也有一定的参考价值。然而，请务必谨慎对待，不要直接将其应用于生产环境。
本文由博客一文多发平台 OpenWrite 发布！
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