[项目1] bloger - day1
项目代码：https://github.com/venicid/Project1--Bloger
1.准备工作
1.创建project
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> django-admin startproject bloger
2 创建app
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py startapp firstapp
3 setting添加app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'firstapp',
]
4 更新数据库表
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py makemigrations No changes detected
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py migrate
5 运行runserver
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py runserver
6 创建超级管理员
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): adminuser
Email address:
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
2.博客主页
1 Model层：
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Article(models.Model):
"""博客内容字段"""
title = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=) #文章标题
content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) #文章内容 def __str__(self):
return self.title
admin 注册
from django.contrib import admin
from firstapp.models import Article
# Register your models here. admin.site.register(Article)
合并数据库
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'firstapp':
0001_initial.py:
- Create model Article
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py migrate
runserver
添加数据
2 View层
1 获取Article表的所有数据 article_list = Article.objects.all()
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from firstapp.models import Article # Create your views here. def index(request):
"""主页视图"""
context = {}
article_list = Article.objects.all() # 获取Article表的所有数据
context['article_list'] = article_list
return render(request, 'index.html', context)
3 T层
1 导入静态文件，页面
2 setting设置
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates').replace('\\','/')],
{% load staticfiles %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/semantic.css' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/list_custom.css' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<img src="{% static 'images/tenlogo.png' %}" alt="">
3 渲染目标语言
{% for article in article_list %}
<div class="column">
<a class="ui fluid card" href="#detail/215">
<div class="image">
<img src="{% static 'images/img1.jpg' %}" alt="" style="height:200px;object-fit: cover;">
</div>
</a>
<div class="title header" href="/detail/215">{{ article.title }}</div>
<i class="icon grey unhide"></i>
<span style="color:#bbbbbb">10K</span>
<span class="" style="color:rgb(226, 226, 226)">|</span>
<i class="icon grey checkmark"></i>
<span style="color:#bbbbbb"> people got it</span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
4 配置 url
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from firstapp.views import index urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', index, name='index'),
]
5 过滤器
{{ article.content|truncatechars: }} #过滤器：100个字符
3 文章分类
1 M层
1 tag标签
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Article(models.Model):
"""博客内容字段"""
title = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=) #文章标题
content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) #文章内容 TAG_CHOICES = (
('cry','悬疑类型'),
('ai','科幻类型'),
('life','生活类型')
)
tag = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=, choices=TAG_CHOICES) def __str__(self):
return self.title
2 数据库注册，合并数据
3 admin后台
2 View层
def index(request):
"""主页视图"""
queryset = request.GET.get('tag')
if queryset:
article_list = Article.objects.filter(tag=queryset) #过滤器
else:
article_list = Article.objects.all() # 获取Article表的所有数据 context = {}
context['article_list'] = article_list
return render(request, 'index.html', context)
3 T 层
<a class="item" href="{% url 'index' %}">全部</a>
<a class="active item" href="?tag=cry">悬疑</a>
<div class="ui container nav">
<div class="ui text four item menu ">
<a class="item" href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/">全部</a>
<a class="item" href="?tag=ai">AI</a>
<a class="item" href="?tag=linux">Linux</a>
<a class="item" href="?tag=python">Python</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ui mini tag label">
{{ article.tag }}
</div>
3.博客详情页
1.Model层：
不变
2 View层
article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from firstapp.models import Article # Create your views here. def index(request):
"""主页视图"""
context = {}
article_list = Article.objects.all() # 获取Article表的所有数据
context['article_list'] = article_list
return render(request, 'index.html', context) def detail(request,page_num):
"""detail视图"""
context = {}
article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章
context['article'] = article
return render(request, 'detail.html', context)
url
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from firstapp.views import index,detail urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', index, name='index'),
url(r'^detail/(?P<page_num>\d+)$', detail, name='detail'),
]
3 T层
{% load staticfiles %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/semantic.css' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/detail.css' %}" media="screen" title="no title" charset="utf-8">
<img src="{% static 'images/tenlogo.png' %}" alt="">
渲染模板语言
<h1 class="ui header">{{ article.title }}</h1>
<p>
{{ article.content }}
</p>
4. 实现跳转功能
<a class="item" href="{% url 'index' %}">全部</a>
<a href="{% url 'detail' article.id %}">
<a href="{% url 'detail' article.id %}">
<h2 class="ui header">
{{ article.title }}
</h2>
</a>
<a href="{% url 'detail' article.id %}">
<i class="angle tiny double grey right icon">READMORE</i>
</a>
<title>{{ article.title }}</title>
5.展示这个文章对应的评论
1 M层
belong_to = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, related_name='under_comments', null=True, blank=True)
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Article(models.Model):
"""博客内容字段"""
title = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=) # 文章标题
content = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True) # 文章内容
TAG_CHOICES = (
('ai', 'ai'),
('python', 'python'),
('linux', 'linux'),
)
tag = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=, choices=TAG_CHOICES) def __str__(self):
return self.title class Comment(models.Model):
"""评论字段表"""
name = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=)
comment = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
belong_to = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, related_name='under_comments', null=True, blank=True) def __str__(self):
return self.comment
2 注册
from django.contrib import admin
from firstapp.models import Article,Comment
# Register your models here. admin.site.register(Article)
admin.site.register(Comment)
3 合并数据库
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\bloger> python.exe .\manage.py makemigrations
2 V 层
不变
def detail(request,page_num):
"""加载文章，评论视图"""
context = {}
article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章
context['article'] = article
return render(request, 'detail.html', context)
url 不变
3 T层
通过Article的字段under_comments查找评论
{% for comment in article.under_comments.all %}
<div class="comment">
<div class="avatar">
<img src="http://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar/small/matt.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="content">
<a href="#" class="author">{{ comment.name }}</a>
<div class="metadata">
<div class="date">2 days ago</div>
</div>
<p class="text" style="font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;">
{{ comment.comment }}
</p>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
6 form表单提交评论
1 M层：不变
2 V层
1 定义Django表单
from django import forms class CommentForm(forms.Form):
"""定义Django自带的form表单"""
name = forms.CharField(max_length=)
comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
2 get实例化一个表单
post提交表单数据
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from firstapp.models import Article,Comment
from django import forms class CommentForm(forms.Form):
"""定义个Django自带的表单类"""
name = forms.CharField(max_length=50)
comment = forms.CharField() def detail(request,page_num):
"""加载文章，评论视图"""
if request.method == 'GET':
form = CommentForm #实例化表单 if request.method == 'POST':
form = CommentForm(request.POST) #提交数据
# print(form) for testing
if form.is_valid(): #判断表单的数据是否通过验证
name = form.cleaned_data['name']
comment = form.cleaned_data['comment']
a = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #查找出该文章对应的id
c = Comment(name=name, comment=comment, belong_to=a) #写评论
c.save() #保存数据库
return redirect(to='detail',page_num=page_num) #重定向本页 context = {}
article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) #取出id为1的这篇文章
context['article'] = article
context['form'] = form
return render(request, 'detail.html', context)
url
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from firstapp.views import index, detail urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', index, name='index'),
url(r'^detail/(?P<page_num>\d+)$',detail,name='detail'),
]
3 T层
<form class="ui form" action="" method="post">
{{ form.as_p }}
{% csrf_token %}
<button type="submit" class="ui blue button" >Click</button>
</form>
7.Django自带form表单验证
1 form表单单独写成文件
2.各种验证器
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError def words_validator(comment):
"""验证器函数"""
if len(comment) < :
raise ValidationError('内容长度不足5个字符') def comment_validator(comment):
"""过滤器"""
if '?' in comment:
raise ValidationError('不能包含这个字符') class CommentForm(forms.Form):
"""定义Django自带的form表单"""
name = forms.CharField(max_length=,
error_messages={
'required': '请输入内容',
},
) comment = forms.CharField( # 修改表单样式
widget=forms.Textarea,
error_messages={
'required':'请输入内容',
},
validators=[words_validator,comment_validator]
)
8.定制表单
1 sematic ui 的表单
<form class="ui form" action="" method="post">
<div class="field">
<label> name</label>
<input type="text" name="name" value="">
</div>
<div class="field">
<label>comment</label>
<textarea></textarea>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="ui blue button" >Click</button>
</form>
<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>请输入内容</li></ul><input id="id_name" maxlength="" name="name" type="text" /></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_comment">Comment:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>请输入内容</li></ul><textarea cols="" id="id_comment" name="comment" rows="">
</textarea></td></tr>
2 错误表单
<div class="ui form">
<div class="two fields">
<div class="field error">
<label>First Name</label>
<input placeholder="First Name" type="text">
</div>
<div class="field">
<label>Last Name</label>
<input placeholder="Last Name" type="text">
</div>
</div>
<div class="field error">
<label>Gender</label>
<div class="ui selection dropdown">
<div class="default text">Select</div>
<i class="dropdown icon"></i>
<input type="hidden" name="gender">
<div class="menu">
<div class="item" data-value="male">Male</div>
<div class="item" data-value="female">Female</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="inline field error">
<div class="ui checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" tabindex="" class="hidden">
<label>我同意本条款和条件</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
3.post传到后台的数据
4.定制错误表单
<form class="ui error tiny form" action="" method="post">
{% if form.errors %}
<div class="ui error message">
{{ form.errors }}
</div>
{% for field in form %}
<div class="{{ field.errors|yesno:'error, ' }} field">
{{ field.label }}
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
{% for field in form %}
<div class="field">
{{ field.label }}
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% csrf_token %}
<button type="submit" class="ui blue button" >Click</button>
</form>
7. 分类视图
1 M层
2 V层
1.视图1 加载文章，评论视图
def detail(request,page_num, error_form=None):
"""加载文章，评论视图"""
form = CommentForm # 实例化表单 context = {}
article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) # 取出id为1的这篇文章
context['article'] = article if error_form is not None:
context['form'] = error_form
else:
context['form'] = form
return render(request, 'detail.html', context)
视图 2 post提交评论
def detail_comment(request,page_num):
"""post提交评论"""
form = CommentForm(request.POST) # 提交数据
print(form)
if form.is_valid(): # 判断表单的数据是否通过验证
name = form.cleaned_data['name']
comment = form.cleaned_data['comment']
a = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) # 查找出该文章对应的id
c = Comment(name=name, comment=comment, belong_to=a) # 写评论
c.save() # 保存数据库
else:
return detail(request, page_num, error_form=form) return redirect(to='detail',page_num=page_num) # 重定向本页
2.对应url
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from firstapp.views import index,detail,detail_comment urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', index, name='index'),
url(r'^detail/(?P<page_num>\d+)$',detail,name='detail'),
url(r'^detail/(?P<page_num>\d+)/detail_comment$', detail_comment, name='detail_comment'),
]
3 T层
<form class="ui error tiny form" action="{% url 'detail_comment' article.id %}" method="post">
<form class="ui error tiny form" action="{% url 'detail_comment' article.id %}" method="post">
{% if form.errors %}
<div class="ui error message">
{{ form.errors }}
</div>
{% for field in form %}
<div class="{{ field.errors|yesno:'error, ' }} field">
{{ field.label }}
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
{% for field in form %}
<div class="field">
{{ field.label }}
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% csrf_token %}
<button type="submit" class="ui blue button" >Click</button>
</form>
8.添加最优评论
1 第二种：最优评论，comment模型中查找数据
- Model层：添加最优评论字段，布尔值，默认false
class Comment(models.Model):
"""评论字段表"""
name = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=)
comment = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
belong_to = models.ForeignKey(to=Article, related_name='under_comments', null=True, blank=True)
best_comment = models.BooleanField(default=False) # 最优评论字段布尔值 def __str__(self):
return self.comment
更新数据库，后台
2 V层
def detail(request,page_num, error_form=None):
"""加载文章，评论视图"""
form = CommentForm # 实例化表单 context = {}
article = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) # 取出id为1的这篇文章
context['article'] = article # 加载最优评论
a_id = Article.objects.get(id=page_num) # 查找id为1的这个文章
best_comment = Comment.objects.filter(best_comment=True, belong_to=a_id) # 返回这个文章的最优评论
if best_comment:
context['best_comment'] = best_comment[] if error_form is not None:
context['form'] = error_form
else:
context['form'] = form
return render(request, 'detail.html', context)
3 T层
<div class="ui comments">
{% if best_comment %}
<div class="ui mini red left ribbon label">
<i class="icon fire">BEST</i>
</div>
<div class="best comment">
<div class="avatar">
<img src="http://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar/small/matt.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="content">
<a href="#" class="author">{{ best_comment.name }}</a>
<div class="metadata">
<div class="date"> days ago</div>
</div>
<p class="text" style="font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;">
{{ best_comment.comment }}
</p>
</div>
</div>
{% endif %}
<div class="ui divider"></div>
{% for comment in article.under_comments.all %}
<div class="comment">
<div class="avatar">
<img src="http://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar/small/matt.jpg" alt="" />
</div>
<div class="content">
<a href="#" class="author">{{ comment.name }}</a>
<div class="metadata">
<div class="date"> days ago</div>
</div>
<p class="text" style="font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;">
{{ comment.comment }}
</p>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
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